Cr5Mo1V Cold Work Tool Steel
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Cr5Mo1V is a medium alloy air-hardening cold work tool steel, also classified as a high carbon medium chromium tool steel. It is recognized by the unified digital code T20503 and equivalent to American A2 steel, JIS SKD12 in Japan, and DIN 1.2363 in Germany. It is a versatile material, particularly suitable for applications that demand both good wear resistance and good toughness.
1. Chemical Composition(GB/T 1299—2000)
| C | Si | Minnesota | Cr | Mes | V | P | S |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.95 – 1.05% | ≤0.50% | ≤1.00% | 4.75 – 5.50% | 0.90 – 1.40% | 0.15 – 0.50% | ≤0,030% | ≤0,030% |
2. Physical Properties of Cr5Mo1V Steel
2.1 Cr5Mo1V Steel Critical Temperature
| Punto crítico | Ac₁ | C.Acm | EM |
| Temperature/°C | 795 | — | 168 |
2.2 Cr5Mo1V Steel Linear Expansion Coefficient
| Temperature /°C | 20 ~ 100 | 20 ~ 300 | 20 ~ 500 | 20 ~ 700 |
| Linear Expansion Coefficient α/ ×10⁻⁶°C⁻¹ | 8.2 | 11.3 | 12.4 | 12.9 |
2.3 Cr5Mo1V Steel Other Physical Properties
| Density / (g/cm³) | Modulus of Elasticity E (Room Temperature) /MPa | Specific Heat Capacity cₚ/ [J/(kg·K)] |
| 7.84 | 203000 | 460.55 |
3. Cr5Mo1V Steel Forging Process Specification
| Artículo | Heating Temperature/°C | Initial Forging Temperature/°C | Final Forging Temperature/°C | Método de enfriamiento |
| Lingote de acero | 1100 ~ 1150 | 1050 ~ 1100 | 850 ~ 900 | High-temperature annealing, pit cooling, or sand cooling |
| Lingote de acero | 1050 ~ 1100 | 1000 ~ 1050 | 850 ~ 900 | Pit cooling or sand cooling |
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4. Heat treatment of Cr5Mo1V Steel
4.1 Precalentamiento
| Preliminary Heat Treatment Plan | Parámetros del proceso |
| General Annealing after Forging | Heating temperature is 840 ~ 870°C, hold for 2 ~ 3h; furnace cool to below 550°C then air cool, hardness ≤248HBW |
| Isothermal Annealing after Forging | Heating temperature is 830 ~ 850°C, hold for 2h; isothermal temperature is 710 ~ 730°C, hold for 2 ~ 4h, furnace cool to 500°C then air cool or furnace cool to room temperature, hardness after annealing ≤248HBW |
4.2 Enfriamiento
① Recommended Quenching Process Specification
| Plan | First Preheating Temperature/°C | Second Preheating Temperature/°C | Temperatura de enfriamiento/°C | Cooling | Dureza HRC |
| I | 300 ~ 400 | 800 ~ 850 | 940 ~ 960 | Air cooling or oil cooling | 62 ~ 63 |
| II | 300 ~ 400 | 800 ~ 850 | 980 ~ 1010 | Air cooling or oil cooling | 62 ~ 65 |
② Effect of Quenching Temperature on Hardness
| Temperatura de enfriamiento/°C | 875 | 900 | 960 | 980 | 1020 | 1050 |
| Dureza HRC | 46.5 | 54 | 64.5 | 64.5 | 63 | 58 |
4.3 Templado
① Recommended Tempering Process Specification
| Quenching Plan | Tempering Temperature/°C | Number of Tempers | Dureza HRC |
| I | 180 ~ 220 | 1 | 60 ~ 64 |
| II | 510 ~ 520 | 2 | 57 ~ 60 |
② Effect of Tempering Temperature on Hardness
| Quenching Condition | Tempering Temperature/°C | 100 | 200 | 300 | 400 | 450 | 500 | 520 | 580 |
| 954°C Quenching | Dureza HRC | 64.5 | 62 | 58 | 57 | 56 | 59 | 56 | 51 |
| 982°C Quenching | Dureza HRC | 65 | 62 | 58 | 58 | 56 | 58 | 57 | 51.5 |
5. Propiedades mecánicas
Cr5Mo1V steel is a free-hardening steel exhibiting high free-hardening properties. It features relatively low quenching distortion, high hardness, excellent wear resistance, and moderate toughness, delivering outstanding overall mechanical properties.
Mechanical Properties of Cr5Mo1V Steel after Tempering
| Tempering Temperature/°C | Dureza HRC | Tensile Strength/MPa | Yield Strength/MPa | Elongation (%) | Reduction of Area (%) |
| 530 | 54.1 | 1849 | — | — | — |
| 593 | 46.7 | 1596 | 576 | 5.0 | 13.9 |
Note: 980°C air cooling.
6. Aplicaciones
Cr5Mo1V steel exhibits excellent comprehensive mechanical properties, making it particularly suitable for manufacturing tools and dies that require both high wear resistance and good toughness, as well as dimensional stability. Examples include rollers, punches, blanking dies, forming dies, rolling dies, wire drawing dies, and thread rolling dies. It is also used for certain types of shear blades.
