Tool Steel Selection by Application
Reference guide mapping tooling and machining applications to the tool steel groups commonly specified for them — cutting tools, hot forging, extrusion, cold-forming, shearing, die casting and molding, structural parts and battering tools.
| Aplicativo | High-speed tool steels (M, T) | Hot-work tool steels (H) | Cold-work tool steels (D, A, O) | Shock-resisting tool steels (S) | Mold steels (P) | Special-purpose tool steels (L) | Water-hardening tool steels (W) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ferramentas de corteSingle-point types (lathe, planer, boring) Fresas Brocas Alargadores Torneiras Threading dies cortadores de formulário | General-purpose production tools: M2, T1 For increased abrasion resistance: M3, M4, M10 Heavy-duty work calling for high hot hardness: T5, T15 Heavy-duty work calling for high abrasion resistance: M42, M44 | — | Tools with sharp edges (knives, razors) Tools for operations in which no high speed is involved, yet stability in heat treatment and substantial abrasion resistance are needed | Pipe cutter wheels | — | — | Uses that do not require hot hardness or high abrasion resistance. Examples with carbon content of applicable group: Taps (1.05-1.10% C) Reamers (1.10-1.15% C) Twist drills (1.20-1.25% C) Files (1.35-1.40% C) |
| Hot-forging tools and diesDies and inserts Forging machine plungers and piercers | For combining hot hardness with high abrasion resistance: M2, T1 | Dies for presses and hammers: H20, H21 For severe conditions over extended service periods: H22-H26 | Hot trimming dies: D2 | Hot-trimming dies Ferramentas de ferreiro Hot-swaging dies | — | — | Smith tools (0.65-0.70% C) Hot chisels (0.70-0.75% C) Drop forging dies (0.90-1.00% C) Applications limited to short-run production |
| Hot extrusion tools and diesExtrusion dies and mandrels Blocos fictícios Valve extrusion tools | Brass extrusion dies: T1 | Extrusion dies and dummy blocks: H21-H26 For tools that are exposed to less heat: H10-H14, H19 | — | Compression molding: S1 | — | — | — |
| Matrizes de conformação a frioBending, forming, drawing, and deep-drawing dies and punches | Burnishing tools: M1, T1 | Cold-heading die castings: H13 | Drawing dies: O1 Ferramentas de cunhagem: O1, D2 Forming and bending dies: A2 Thread rolling dies: D2 | Hobbing and short-run applications: S1, S7 Rivet sets and rivet busters | — | Blanking, forming, and trimmer dies when toughness has precedence over abrasion resistance: L6 | Cold-heading dies: W1 or W2 (C ~1.00%) Bending dies: W1 (C ~1.00%) |
| Ferramentas de corteDies for piercing, punching, and trimming Lâminas de tesoura | Special dies for cold and hot work: T1 For work requiring high abrasion resistance: M2, M3 | For shearing knives: H11, H12 For severe hot-shearing applications: H21, H25 | Dies for medium runs: A2, A6, O1 Dies for long runs: D2, D3 Trimming dies (also for hot trimming): A2 | Cold and hot shear blades Hot punching and piercing tools Boilermaker tools | — | Knives for work requiring high toughness: L6 | Trimming dies (0.90-0.95% C) Cold-blanking and punching dies (1.00% C) |
| Die casting and molding dies | — | For aluminum and lead: H11, H13 For brass: H21 | A2, A6, O1 | — | Plastic molds: P2-P4, P20 | — | — |
| Structural parts for severe service conditions | Roller bearings for high-temperature environment: T1 Lathe centers: M2, T1 | For aircraft components (landing gears, arrester hooks, rocket cases): H11 | Lathe centers: D2, D3 Arbors: O1 Bushings A4 Gages: D2 | Pawls Peças de embreagem | — | Spindles and clutch parts (if high toughness is needed): L6 | Spring steel (1.10-1.15% C) |
| Battering tools, hand and power | — | — | — | Pneumatic chisels for cold work: S5 For higher performance: S7 | — | — | For intermittent use: W1 (0.80% C) |
- (um) Recommendations are shown as printed in the source guide; grade numbers are AISI designations.
Notas de mesa
Cells list the tool steels commonly applied to each application, with the selection reason where the source gives one (for example, “For aluminum and lead: H11, H13”). An em dash means the source guide lists no recommendation for that group.
Source carbon figures for files read “1.35-40% C” (dropped decimal) and are shown as 1.35-1.40% C; minor typographic spacing has been normalized.
The guide covers typical practice — final grade choice also depends on part size, production volume, and heat-treatment capability. Confirm with your tooling engineer before ordering.
Páginas de referência relacionadas
How to select tool steels · Selection of tool steel for hot forging dies · Tool steels for hot forging, stamping and trimming dies · Aço para ferramentas D2 · Aço para ferramentas A2 · Aço para ferramentas O1 · Aço para ferramentas H13 · Aço ferramenta S7 · Aço para ferramentas L6 · Tabela de propriedades do aço ferramenta · tabela de classificação de usinabilidade de aço ferramenta
Source: ASM Handbook, Volume 1 — Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys, Table 4 “Reference guide for tool steel selection” (10th ed.). Reference data for comparison — confirm the final grade for your tooling with your supplier.