공구강 열처리 데이터
공구강의 노멀라이징, 어닐링, 경화 및 템퍼링
Complete reference for heat-treating temperatures of all major tool steel grades. Search by grade name, toggle between °C and °F, and expand each category group for full specification data. The quench and temper schedule is also published as a standalone table in the hardening and tempering temperature chart, and the overall process sequence is covered in the tool steel heat treatment guide.
O = 오일 담금질 A = 공기 냉각 S = 염욕 냉각 W = 물 담금질 B = 염수 냉각
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Molybdenum High-Speed Steels 9 grades ▾
| 유형 | Normalizing (a) | Annealing °C | Annealing °F | Cooling max °C/h | Cooling max °F/h | Hardness, HB |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M1, M10 | Do not normalize | 815-870 | 1500-1600 | 22 | 40 | 207-235 |
| 엠2 | Do not normalize | 870-900 | 1600-1650 | 22 | 40 | 212-241 |
| M3, M4 | Do not normalize | 870-900 | 1600-1650 | 22 | 40 | 223-255 |
| 엠7 | Do not normalize | 815-870 | 1500-1600 | 22 | 40 | 217-255 |
| M30, M33, M34, 엠35, M36, M41, M42, M46, M47 | Do not normalize | 870-900 | 1600-1650 | 22 | 40 | 235-269 |
| M43 | Do not normalize | 870-900 | 1600-1650 | 22 | 40 | 248-269 |
| M44 | Do not normalize | 870-900 | 1600-1650 | 22 | 40 | 248-293 |
| M48 | Do not normalize | 870-900 | 1600-1650 | 22 | 40 | 285-311 |
| M62 | Do not normalize | 870-900 | 1600-1650 | 22 | 40 | 262-285 |
Tungsten High-Speed Steels 7 grades ▾
| 유형 | Normalizing (a) | Annealing °C | Annealing °F | Cooling max °C/h | Cooling max °F/h | Hardness, HB |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 티1 | Do not normalize | 870-900 | 1600-1650 | 22 | 40 | 217-255 |
| 티2 | Do not normalize | 870-900 | 1600-1650 | 22 | 40 | 223-255 |
| 티4 | Do not normalize | 870-900 | 1600-1650 | 22 | 40 | 229-269 |
| 티5 | Do not normalize | 870-900 | 1600-1650 | 22 | 40 | 235-277 |
| 티6 | Do not normalize | 870-900 | 1600-1650 | 22 | 40 | 248-293 |
| 티8 | Do not normalize | 870-900 | 1600-1650 | 22 | 40 | 229-255 |
| 티15 | Do not normalize | 870-900 | 1600-1650 | 22 | 40 | 241-277 |
Intermediate High-Speed Steels 2 grades ▾
| 유형 | Normalizing (a) | Annealing °C | Annealing °F | Cooling max °C/h | Cooling max °F/h | Hardness, HB |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 엠50 | Do not normalize | 830-845 | 1525-1550 | 22 | 40 | 197-235 |
| M52 | Do not normalize | 830-845 | 1525-1550 | 22 | 40 | 197-235 |
Chromium Hot-Work Steels 3 grades ▾
Tungsten Hot-Work Steels 3 grades ▾
| 유형 | Normalizing (a) | Annealing °C | Annealing °F | Cooling max °C/h | Cooling max °F/h | Hardness, HB |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H21, H22, H25 | Do not normalize | 870-900 | 1600-1650 | 22 | 40 | 207-235 |
| H23 | Do not normalize | 870-900 | 1600-1650 | 22 | 40 | 212-255 |
| H24, H26 | Do not normalize | 870-900 | 1600-1650 | 22 | 40 | 217-241 |
Molybdenum Hot-Work Steels 2 grades ▾
| 유형 | Normalizing (a) | Annealing °C | Annealing °F | Cooling max °C/h | Cooling max °F/h | Hardness, HB |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H41, H43 | Do not normalize | 815-870 | 1500-1600 | 22 | 40 | 207-235 |
| H42 | Do not normalize | 845-900 | 1550-1650 | 22 | 40 | 207-235 |
High-Carbon, High-Chromium Cold-Work Steels 3 grades ▾
Medium-Alloy, Air-Hardening Cold-Work Steels 8 grades ▾
| 유형 | Normalizing (a) | Annealing °C | Annealing °F | Cooling max °C/h | Cooling max °F/h | Hardness, HB |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A2 | Do not normalize | 845-870 | 1550-1600 | 22 | 40 | 201-229 |
| A3 | Do not normalize | 845-870 | 1550-1600 | 22 | 40 | 207-229 |
| A4 | Do not normalize | 740-760 | 1360-1400 | 14 | 25 | 200-241 |
| A6 | Do not normalize | 730-745 | 1350-1375 | 14 | 25 | 217-248 |
| 에이7 | Do not normalize | 870-900 | 1600-1650 | 14 | 25 | 235-262 |
| A8 | Do not normalize | 845-870 | 1550-1600 | 22 | 40 | 192-223 |
| 에이9 | Do not normalize | 845-870 | 1550-1600 | 14 | 25 | 212-248 |
| A10 | 790 / 1450 | 765-795 | 1410-1460 | 8 | 15 | 235-269 |
Oil-Hardening Cold-Work Steels 4 grades ▾
Shock-Resisting Steels 4 grades ▾
금형강 7 grades ▾
| 유형 | Normalizing (a) | Annealing °C | Annealing °F | Cooling max °C/h | Cooling max °F/h | Hardness, HB |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 피2 | Not required | 730-815 | 1350-1500 | 22 | 40 | 103-123 |
| 피3 | Not required | 730-815 | 1350-1500 | 22 | 40 | 109-137 |
| 피4 | Do not normalize | 870-900 | 1600-1650 | 14 | 25 | 116-128 |
| 피5 | Not required | 845-870 | 1550-1600 | 22 | 40 | 105-116 |
| P6 | Not required | 845 | 1550 | 8 | 15 | 183-217 |
| P20 | 900 / 1650 | 760-790 | 1400-1450 | 22 | 40 | 149-179 |
| P21 | 900 / 1650 | Do not anneal | Do not anneal | — | — | — |
Low-Alloy Special-Purpose Steels 3 grades ▾
| 유형 | Normalizing (a) | Annealing °C | Annealing °F | Cooling max °C/h | Cooling max °F/h | Hardness, HB |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| L2 | 871-900 / 1600-1650 | 760-790 | 1400-1450 | 22 | 40 | 163-197 |
| L3 | 900 / 1650 | 790-815 | 1450-1500 | 22 | 40 | 174-201 |
| L6 | 870 / 1600 | 760-790 | 1400-1450 | 22 | 40 | 183-212 |
Carbon-Tungsten Special-Purpose Steels 2 grades ▾
| 유형 | Normalizing (a) | Annealing °C | Annealing °F | Cooling max °C/h | Cooling max °F/h | Hardness, HB |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| F1 | 900 / 1650 | 760-800 | 1400-1475 | 22 | 40 | 183-207 |
| F2 | 900 / 1650 | 790-815 | 1450-1500 | 22 | 40 | 207-235 |
Water-Hardening Steels 2 grades ▾
| 유형 | Normalizing (a) | Annealing °C | Annealing °F | Cooling max °C/h | Cooling max °F/h | Hardness, HB |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| W1, W2 | 790-925 (d) | 740-790 (e) | 1360-1450 (e) | 22 | 40 | 156-201 |
| W5 | 870-925 / 1600-1700 | 760-790 | 1400-1450 | 22 | 40 | 163-201 |
참고문헌 및 주석
- (a) Time held at temperature varies from 15 min for small sections to 1 h for large sizes. Cooling is done in still air. Normalizing should not be confused with low-temperature annealing.
- (b) The upper limit of ranges should be used for large sections, and the lower limit for smaller sections. Time held at temperature varies from 1 h for light sections to 4 h for heavy sections and large furnace charges of high-alloy steel.
- (c) For 0.25 Si type, 183 to 207 HB; for 1.00 Si type, 207 to 229 HB.
- (d) Temperature varies with carbon content: 0.60–0.75 C, 815 °C (1500 °F); 0.75–0.90 C, 790 °C (1450 °F); 0.90–1.10 C, 870 °C (1600 °F); 1.10–1.40 C, 870–925 °C (1600–1700 °F).
- (e) Temperature varies with carbon content: 0.60–0.90 C, 740–790 °C (1360–1450 °F); 0.90–1.40 C, 760–790 °C (1400–1450 °F).
Molybdenum High-Speed Steels 12 grades ▾
| 유형 | Rate of heating | Preheat °C | Preheat °F | Hardening °C | Hardening °F | Time, min | Quench (a) | Tempering °C | Tempering °F |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M1, M7, M10 | Rapidly from preheat | 730-845 | 1350-1550 | 1175-1220 (b) | 2150-2225 (b) | 2-5 | O, A, or S | 540-595 (c) | 1000-1100 (c) |
| 엠2 | Rapidly from preheat | 730-845 | 1350-1550 | 1190-1230 (b) | 2175-2250 (b) | 2-5 | O, A, or S | 540-595 (c) | 1000-1100 (c) |
| M3, M4, M30, M33, M34, M35 | Rapidly from preheat | 730-845 | 1350-1550 | 1205-1230 (b) | 2200-2250 (b) | 2-5 | O, A, or S | 540-595 (c) | 1000-1100 (c) |
| 엠36 | Rapidly from preheat | 730-845 | 1350-1550 | 1220-1245 (b) | 2225-2275 (b) | 2-5 | O, A, or S | 540-595 (c) | 1000-1100 (c) |
| M41 | Rapidly from preheat | 730-845 | 1350-1550 | 1190-1215 (b) | 2175-2220 (b) | 2-5 | O, A, or S | 540-595 (d) | 1000-1100 (d) |
| M42 | Rapidly from preheat | 730-845 | 1350-1550 | 1190-1210 (b) | 2175-2210 (b) | 2-5 | O, A, or S | 510-595 (d) | 950-1100 (d) |
| M43 | Rapidly from preheat | 730-845 | 1350-1550 | 1190-1215 (b) | 2175-2220 (b) | 2-5 | O, A, or S | 510-595 (d) | 950-1100 (d) |
| M44 | Rapidly from preheat | 730-845 | 1350-1550 | 1200-1225 (b) | 2190-2240 (b) | 2-5 | O, A, or S | 540-625 (d) | 1000-1160 (d) |
| M46 | Rapidly from preheat | 730-845 | 1350-1550 | 1190-1220 (b) | 2175-2225 (b) | 2-5 | O, A, or S | 525-565 (d) | 975-1050 (d) |
| M47 | Rapidly from preheat | 730-845 | 1350-1550 | 1175-1200 (b) | 2150-2200 (b) | 2-5 | O, A, or S | 525-595 (d) | 975-1100 (d) |
| M48 | Rapidly from preheat | 730-845 | 1350-1550 | 1175-1200 (b) | 2150-2200 (b) | 2-5 | O, A, or S | 540-595 (d) | 1000-1100 (d) |
| M62 | Rapidly from preheat | 730-845 | 1350-1550 | 1175-1200 (b) | 2150-2200 (b) | 2-5 | O, A, or S | 540-595 (d) | 1000-1100 (d) |
Tungsten High-Speed Steels 3 grades ▾
| 유형 | Rate of heating | Preheat °C | Preheat °F | Hardening °C | Hardening °F | Time, min | Quench (a) | Tempering °C | Tempering °F |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1, T2, T4, T8 | Rapidly from preheat | 815-870 | 1500-1600 | 1260-1300 (b) | 2300-2375 (b) | 2-5 | O, A, or S | 540-595 (c) | 1000-1100 (c) |
| T5, T6 | Rapidly from preheat | 815-870 | 1500-1600 | 1275-1300 (b) | 2325-2375 (b) | 2-5 | O, A, or S | 540-595 (c) | 1000-1100 (c) |
| 티15 | Rapidly from preheat | 815-870 | 1500-1600 | 1205-1260 (b) | 2200-2300 (b) | 2-5 | O, A, or S | 540-650 (d) | 1000-1200 (d) |
Intermediate High-Speed Steels 2 grades ▾
| 유형 | Rate of heating | Preheat °C | Preheat °F | Hardening °C | Hardening °F | Time, min | Quench (a) | Tempering °C | Tempering °F |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 엠50 | Rapidly from preheat | 730-845 | 1350-1550 | 1095-1120 | 2000-2050 | 2-5 | O, A, or S | 525-595 | 975-1100 |
| M52 | Rapidly from preheat | 730-845 | 1350-1550 | 1120-1175 | 2050-2150 | 2-5 | O, A, or S | 525-595 | 975-1100 |
Chromium Hot-Work Steels 5 grades ▾
| 유형 | Rate of heating | Preheat °C | Preheat °F | Hardening °C | Hardening °F | Time, min | Quench (a) | Tempering °C | Tempering °F |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H10 | Moderately from preheat | 815 | 1500 | 1010-1040 | 1850-1900 | 15-40 (e) | A | 540-650 | 1000-1200 |
| H11, H12 | Moderately from preheat | 815 | 1500 | 995-1025 | 1825-1875 | 15-40 (e) | A | 540-650 | 1000-1200 |
| H13 | Moderately from preheat | 815 | 1500 | 995-1040 | 1825-1900 | 15-40 (e) | A | 540-650 | 1000-1200 |
| H14 | Moderately from preheat | 815 | 1500 | 1010-1065 | 1850-1950 | 15-40 (e) | A | 540-650 | 1000-1200 |
| H19 | Moderately from preheat | 815 | 1500 | 1095-1205 | 2000-2200 | 2-5 | A or O | 540-705 | 1000-1300 |
Tungsten Hot-Work Steels 5 grades ▾
| 유형 | Rate of heating | Preheat °C | Preheat °F | Hardening °C | Hardening °F | Time, min | Quench (a) | Tempering °C | Tempering °F |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H21, H22 | Rapidly from preheat | 815 | 1500 | 1095-1205 | 2000-2200 | 2-5 | A or O | 595-675 | 1100-1250 |
| H23 | Rapidly from preheat | 845 | 1550 | 1205-1260 | 2200-2300 | 2-5 | O | 650-815 | 1200-1500 |
| H24 | Rapidly from preheat | 815 | 1500 | 1095-1230 | 2000-2250 | 2-5 | O | 565-650 | 1050-1200 |
| H25 | Rapidly from preheat | 815 | 1500 | 1150-1260 | 2100-2300 | 2-5 | A or O | 565-675 | 1050-1250 |
| H26 | Rapidly from preheat | 870 | 1600 | 1175-1260 | 2150-2300 | 2-5 | O, A or S | 565-675 | 1050-1250 |
Molybdenum Hot-Work Steels 2 grades ▾
| 유형 | Rate of heating | Preheat °C | Preheat °F | Hardening °C | Hardening °F | Time, min | Quench (a) | Tempering °C | Tempering °F |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| H41, H43 | Rapidly from preheat | 730-845 | 1350-1550 | 1095-1190 | 2000-2175 | 2-5 | O, A or S | 565-650 | 1050-1200 |
| H42 | Rapidly from preheat | 730-845 | 1350-1550 | 1120-1220 | 2050-2225 | 2-5 | O, A or S | 565-650 | 1050-1200 |
High-Carbon, High-Chromium Cold-Work Steels 4 grades ▾
| 유형 | Rate of heating | Preheat °C | Preheat °F | Hardening °C | Hardening °F | Time, min | Quench (a) | Tempering °C | Tempering °F |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D1, D5 | Very slowly | 815 | 1500 | 980-1025 | 1800-1875 | 15-45 | A | 205-540 | 400-1000 |
| 디3 | Very slowly | 815 | 1500 | 925-980 | 1700-1800 | 15-45 | O | 205-540 | 400-1000 |
| 디4 | Very slowly | 815 | 1500 | 970-1010 | 1775-1850 | 15-45 | A | 205-540 | 400-1000 |
| 디7 | Very slowly | 815 | 1500 | 1010-1065 | 1850-1950 | 30-60 | A | 150-540 | 300-1000 |
Medium-Alloy, Air-Hardening Cold-Work Steels 8 grades ▾
| 유형 | Rate of heating | Preheat °C | Preheat °F | Hardening °C | Hardening °F | Time, min | Quench (a) | Tempering °C | Tempering °F |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A2 | Slowly | 790 | 1450 | 925-980 | 1700-1800 | 20-45 | A | 175-540 | 350-1000 |
| A3 | Slowly | 790 | 1450 | 955-980 | 1750-1800 | 25-60 | A | 175-540 | 350-1000 |
| A4 | Slowly | 675 | 1250 | 815-870 | 1500-1600 | 20-45 | A | 175-425 | 350-800 |
| A6 | Slowly | 650 | 1200 | 830-870 | 1525-1600 | 20-45 | A | 150-425 | 300-800 |
| 에이7 | Very slowly | 815 | 1500 | 955-980 | 1750-1800 | 30-60 | A | 150-540 | 300-1000 |
| A8 | Slowly | 790 | 1450 | 980-1010 | 1800-1850 | 20-45 | A | 175-595 | 350-1100 |
| 에이9 | Slowly | 790 | 1450 | 980-1025 | 1800-1875 | 20-45 | A | 510-620 | 950-1150 |
| A10 | Slowly | 650 | 1200 | 790-815 | 1450-1500 | 30-60 | A | 175-425 | 350-800 |
Oil-Hardening Cold-Work Steels 4 grades ▾
| 유형 | Rate of heating | Preheat °C | Preheat °F | Hardening °C | Hardening °F | Time, min | Quench (a) | Tempering °C | Tempering °F |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 오1 | Slowly | 650 | 1200 | 790-815 | 1450-1500 | 10-30 | O | 175-260 | 350-500 |
| 산소 | Slowly | 650 | 1200 | 760-800 | 1400-1475 | 5-20 | O | 175-260 | 350-500 |
| 오6 | Slowly | — | — | 790-815 | 1450-1500 | 10-30 | O | 175-315 | 350-600 |
| 오7 | Slowly | 650 | 1200 | W: 790-830 / O: 845-885 | W: 1450-1525 / O: 1550-1625 | 10-30 | O or W | 175-290 | 350-550 |
Shock-Resisting Steels 4 grades ▾
| 유형 | Rate of heating | Preheat °C | Preheat °F | Hardening °C | Hardening °F | Time, min | Quench (a) | Tempering °C | Tempering °F |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S1 | Slowly | — | — | 900-955 | 1650-1750 | 15-45 | O | 205-650 | 400-1200 |
| S2 | Slowly | 650 (f) | 1200 (f) | 845-900 | 1550-1650 | 5-20 | B or W | 175-425 | 350-800 |
| S5 | Slowly | 760 | 1400 | 870-925 | 1600-1700 | 5-20 | O | 175-425 | 350-800 |
| S7 | Slowly | 650-705 | 1200-1300 | 925-955 | 1700-1750 | 15-45 | A or O | 205-260 | 400-500 |
금형강 7 grades ▾
| 유형 | Rate of heating | Preheat °C | Preheat °F | Hardening °C | Hardening °F | Time, min | Quench (a) | Tempering °C | Tempering °F |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 피2 | — | — | — | 900-925 (g) / 830-845 (h) | 1650-1750 (g) / 1525-1550 (h) | 15 | O | 175-260 | 350-500 |
| 피3 | — | — | — | 900-925 (g) / 800-830 (h) | 1650-1700 (g) / 1475-1525 (h) | 15 | O | 175-260 | 350-500 |
| 피4 | — | — | — | 970-995 (g) / 970-995 (h) | 1775-1825 (g) / 1775-1825 (h) | 15 | A | 175-480 | 350-900 |
| 피5 | — | — | — | 900-925 (g) / 845-870 (h) | 1650-1700 (g) / 1550-1600 (h) | 15 | O or W | 175-260 | 350-500 |
| P6 | — | — | — | 900-925 (g) / 790-815 (h) | 1650-1700 (g) / 1450-1500 (h) | 15 | A or O | 175-230 | 350-450 |
| P20 | — | — | — | 870-900 (h) / 815-870 | 1600-1650 (h) / 1500-1600 | 15 | O | 480-595 (i) | 900-1100 (i) |
| P21 (j) | Slowly | Do not preheat | — | 705-730 | 1300-1350 | 60-180 | A or O | 510-550 | 950-1025 |
Low-Alloy Special-Purpose Steels 3 grades ▾
| 유형 | Rate of heating | Preheat °C | Preheat °F | Hardening °C | Hardening °F | Time, min | Quench (a) | Tempering °C | Tempering °F |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| L2 | Slowly | — | — | W: 790-845 / O: 845-925 | W: 1450-1550 / O: 1550-1700 | 10-30 | O or W | 175-540 | 350-1000 |
| L3 | Slowly | — | — | W: 775-815 / O: 815-870 | W: 1425-1500 / O: 1500-1600 | 10-30 | O or W | 175-315 | 350-600 |
| L6 | Slowly | — | — | 790-845 | 1450-1550 | 10-30 | O | 175-540 | 350-1000 |
Carbon-Tungsten Special-Purpose Steels 1 grades ▾
| 유형 | Rate of heating | Preheat °C | Preheat °F | Hardening °C | Hardening °F | Time, min | Quench (a) | Tempering °C | Tempering °F |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| F1, F2 | Slowly | 650 | 1200 | 790-870 | 1450-1600 | 15 | W or B | 175-260 | 350-500 |
Water-Hardening Steels 1 grades ▾
| 유형 | Rate of heating | Preheat °C | Preheat °F | Hardening °C | Hardening °F | Time, min | Quench (a) | Tempering °C | Tempering °F |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| W1, W2, W3 | Slowly | 565-650 (k) | 1050-1200 (k) | 760-845 | 1400-1550 | 10-30 | B or W | 175-345 | 350-650 |
참고문헌 및 주석
- (a) O, oil quench; A, air cool; S, salt bath quench; W, water quench; B, brine quench.
- (b) When the high-temperature heating is carried out in a salt bath, the range of temperatures should be about 14 °C (25 °F) lower than given here.
- (c) Double tempering recommended for not less than 1 h at temperature each time.
- (d) Triple tempering recommended for not less than 1 h at temperature each time.
- (e) Times apply to open furnace heat treatment. For pack hardening, a common rule is to heat 1.2 min per mm (30 min per in.) of cross section of the pack.
- (f) Preferable for large tools to minimize decarburization.
- (g) Carburizing temperature.
- (h) After carburizing.
- (i) Carburized per case hardness.
- (j) P21 is a precipitation-hardening steel having a thermal treatment that involves solution treating and aging rather than hardening and tempering.
- (k) Recommended for large tools and tools with intricate sections.
공급 범위 및 기술 참조 노트
Aobo Steel supplies tool steel in an 어닐링 조건 and does not provide final heat-treatment services such as hardening, quenching, cryogenic treatment, or tempering.
본 자료에 제공된 열처리 매개변수, 경도 데이터 및 공정 권장 사항은 고객 여러분께 일반적인 기술 지원을 제공하기 위한 것입니다. 실제 열처리 결과는 용광로 용량, 단면 크기, 공구 형상, 재료 상태, 담금질 방식 및 공정 제어에 따라 달라질 수 있습니다. 최종 열처리 절차 및 검증은 고객의 열처리 시설에서 특정 공구 적용 분야 및 생산 요구 사항에 따라 수행해야 합니다.
자료 출처: ASM 핸드북, 단조 공구강(Alan M. Bayer, Teledyne Vasco 및 Lee R. Walton, Latrobe Steel Company 개정판). 표 8 및 9. 공개 자료 및 산업 표준을 참고하여 작성함.