Cr12Mo1V1 (D2 / 1.2379 / SKD11) Tool Steel Supplier from China

Composition(GB / T 1299—2000)

C	Si	Mn	Cr	Mo	V	P	S	Other
1.40 – 1.60	≤0.60	≤0.60	11.0 – 13.0	0.70 – 1.20	0.50 – 1.10	≤0.030	≤0.030	Co ≤1.00

Physical Properties of Cr12Mo1V1 Steel

Critical Point Temperature

Critical Point	Ac₁	Acₑₘ	Ar₁	Arₑₘ	Ms
Temperature (Approx. value) /°C	810	875	695	750	190

Linear Expansion Coefficient

Temperature/°C	20 ~ 100	20 ~ 200	20 ~ 300	20 ~ 400
Linear Expansion Coefficient α /× 10⁻⁶°C⁻¹	10.5	11.5	11.9	12.2

Other Physical Properties

Modulus of Elasticity E/MPa	Specific Heat Capacity cₚ/[J/(kg·K)]
207000	461

Forging Process Specification of Cr12Mo1V1 Steel

Item	Heating Temperature/°C	Initial Forging Temperature/°C	Final Forging Temperature/°C	Cooling Method
Steel Ingot	1120 ~ 1160	1050 ~ 1090	≥850	High-temperature annealing
Steel Billet	1120 ~ 1140	1050 ~ 1070	≥850	High-temperature annealing, pit cooling, or sand cooling

Heat Treatment of Cr12Mo1V1 Steel

Preheating

Plan	Process Parameters
Forging blank, steel ingot annealing process	Heating temperature is 840 ~ 860°C, hold for 2h; furnace cool to 720 ~ 740°C, hold for 4h, furnace cool to below 550°C, then air cool. Annealed hardness is 205-255 HBW.
Steel material isothermal annealing process	Heating temperature is 840 ~ 860°C, hold for 2h; furnace cool to 720 ~ 740°C, hold for 4h, furnace cool to below 550°C, then air cool. Annealed hardness is 205 ~ 255 HBW.

Quenching

	Heating Temperature/°C	Cooling	Hardness HRC
Plan	1st Preheat	2nd Preheat	Quench Heating
Ⅰ	500 ~ 600	820 ~ 860	980 ~ 1040
Ⅱ	500 ~ 600	820 ~ 860	1060 ~ 1100

Relationship between Quenching Temperature, Hardness, and Retained Austenite Content

Quenching Temperature/°C	900	950	980	1000	1030	1050	1080	1100	1130
Hardness HRC	52.5	57.5	60	63.5	64	63	62.5	62	60
Retained Austenite Content (Volume fraction, %)	—	4	4	4.5	6	10	13	24	—

Tempering

Quenching Plan	Tempering Temperature/°C	Number of Tempering Cycles	Hardness HRC
Ⅰ	180 ~ 230	1	60 ~ 64
Ⅱ	510 ~ 540	2	60 ~ 64

The effect of tempering temperature on hardness

Quenching condition	Tempering Temperature	Untempered (HRC)	200°C	250°C	300°C	350°C	400°C	450°C	500°C	550°C	600°C	650°C	700°C
1010℃/air cooled	Harndness(HRC)	62	60.5	59.5	58.5	58	58	58	58	56	48	42	36.5
1010℃/oil quenched	Harndness(HRC)	62.5	61.5	60	58.5	58.5	58.5	58.5	59.5	56	48	42	36.5
1066℃/air cooled	Harndness(HRC)	63	61.5	60.5	60	59.5	59.5	59.5	60.5	61.5	51	43	40.5
1066℃/oil quenched	Harndness(HRC)	63	61.5	60	59.5	59.5	59.5	60	61	62.5	51	44	38
1121℃/air cooled	Harndness(HRC)	60.5	59.5	58	57.5	57	57	57	59.5	62	51.5	44	40.5
1121℃/oil quenched	Harndness(HRC)	60	58	58.5	56	54	54.5	56.5	58	61	57	44	38

Cr12Mo1V1 Steel Impact Toughness vs. Tempering Temperature

Effect of Tempering Temperature on the Torsional Impact Energy of Cr12Mo1V1 Steel

Mechanical Properties of Cr12Mo1V1 Steel

Cr12Mo1V1 steel is a high-carbon, high-chromium steel with high hardenability and wear resistance. Due to the higher content of Molybdenum (Mo) and Vanadium (V) elements compared to Cr12MoV steel, the as-cast structure within the steel is improved, the crystal grains are refined, and the carbide morphology is enhanced. Consequently, the steel exhibits superior mechanical properties, including tensile strength, hardness, and impact toughness, along with good wear resistance and higher tempering resistance. A comparison of the mechanical properties between Cr12Mo1V1 steel and Cr12MoV steel is shown in the Table.

Comparison of Mechanical Properties between Cr12Mo1V1 and Cr12MoV Steel

Quenching Temperature/°C	Steel Grade	Bending Strength (σb)/MPa	Impact Toughness (aK)/J/cm²	Hardness HRC
1020	Cr12Mo1V1	3262	40	59.3
	Cr12MoV	2888	40	61.0
1060	Cr12Mo1V1	1550	35.5	61.0
	Cr12MoV	796	10	61.5

Applications

Cr12Mo1V1 steel is primarily used to manufacture various high-precision, long-life cold-work molds, tools, and measuring instruments. Specific applications include:

• Complex-shaped punching dies/cavity dies.
• Silicon steel sheet blanking dies.
• Trimming dies, rolling dies.
• Wire drawing dies.
• Cold extrusion dies.
• Steel plate deep drawing dies.
• Thread rolling dies/plates.
• Cold shearing blades/circular saws.
• Standard tools and gauges.
• Plastic molds require high precision, long life, and wear resistance.
• Used for heavy-duty, high-impact cold working applications.

Equivalent Grades

• USA (ASTM/UNS): D2 / T30402
• Japan (JIS): SKD11
• Germany (DIN): 1.2379 / X155CrVMo12-1