2Cr13 Stainless steel | 1.4021

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2Cr13 stainless steel is a versatile material widely used in manufacturing plastic molds, especially those that require a balance of strength, toughness, and corrosion resistance. As a low-carbon martensitic stainless steel, it is typically employed after quenching and tempering. This heat treatment enhances its mechanical properties, making it suitable for demanding applications.

One of the key advantages of 2Cr13 steel is its good machinability, which allows for efficient processing and shaping. After heat treatment, it exhibits excellent corrosion resistance, ensuring longevity even in harsh environments. And it has a good combination of strength and toughness.

1. Chemical Composition(GB/ T 094—1997)

CSiMnCrSP
0.16 ~ 0.25≤1.00≤1.0012.00 ~ 14.00≤0.030≤0.030

2. Physical Properties of 2Cr13 Stainless Steel

2.1 Temperaturas Críticas

Ponto críticoAc₁Ac₃Ar₁Senhora
Temperature (Approx. Value) /°C820950780320

2.2 Elastic Modulus

Temperature /°C20400500600
Módulo elástico E/MPa210000 ~ 223000193000184000172000

2.3 Coefficient of Linear Expansion

Temperature /°C20 ~ 10020 ~ 20020 ~ 30020 ~ 40020 ~ 500
Coeff. of Linear Expansion α/×10⁻⁶ ℃⁻¹10.511.011.512.012.0

2.4 Thermal Conductivity

Temperature /°C20 ~ 10020 ~ 20020 ~ 30020 ~ 40020 ~ 500
Condutividade térmica λ/[W/(m-K)]23.023.424.725.526.3

2.5 Electrical Resistivity of SM2Cr13 Steel

Temperature /°C20100
Electrical Resistivity ρ/×10⁻⁶ Ω·m0.550.65

2.6 Other Physical Properties

Densidade / (g/cm³)Specific Heat Capacity cₚ / [J/(kg·K)]Melting Point / °C
7.75459.81450 ~ 1510

3. Forging Process Specification of 2Cr13 Stainless Steel

AquecimentoTemperatura inicial de forjamento/°CTemperatura final de forjamento/°CResfriamento
Slow heating before 850°C, cold furnace charging temperature ≤800°C1160 ~ 1200≥850Sand cooling or timely annealing

Observação: Due to the poor thermal conductivity of the steel, it should be heated slowly when the temperature is below 856°C.

4. Cold working

It has good deep drawing and stamping processability in a cold state. After processing, stress relief annealing should be performed. The process is to heat the workpiece to 730 ~ 780°C and then air cool it.

2Cr13
2Cr13 stainless steel

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5. Heat treatment of 2Cr13 Stainless Steel

5.1 Preheating

Pre-heat Treatment ProcessTemperatura de aquecimento (°C)Método de resfriamentoDureza (HBW)
Recozimento de amolecimento750 ~ 800Furnace Cooling-
Recozimento completo860 ~ 900Furnace Cooling160 ~ 187

5.2 Quenching and Tempering Process Specification

Quenching SpecificationTempering Specification
Temperatura de resfriamento (°C)Método de resfriamentoDureza (HRC)Temperatura de revenimento (°C)Método de resfriamentoDureza (HRC)
1000 ~ 1050Oil or Water Cooling≥45660 ~ 670Air Cooling20 ~ 23

Relationship Between Tempering Temperature and Hardness

Temperatura de revenimento (°C)Após a têmpera200300400500550600650
Dureza (HRC)4746454443373024

Note: 1050°C oil quenching.

6. Mechanical Properties of 2Cr13 Stainless Steel

2Cr13 is a martensitic stainless steel with high toughness and deformation resistance, and good machinability. After heat treatment, it has high strength, hardness, and excellent wear resistance.

1) Mechanical properties at different tempering temperatures.

Tempering Temperature /°CRm /MPaReL /MPaZ (%)A (%)
30015801430105
40015501390115.5
50014601250157.5
60011509002214
7007805802719
8008006002616

Note: 100°C oil quenching.

2) High-temperature mechanical properties

Tratamento térmicoTest Temperature (°C)Rm (MPa)ReL (MPa)A (%)Z (%)aK (J/cm²)
Quenching at 1000 ~ 1020°C, Tempering at 720 ~ 750°C20720520216865 ~ 175
3005554001866120
40053040516.558.5205
45049538017.557240
47049542022.571
50044036532.575250
55035028536.583.5223

3) Room temperature mechanical properties

Section Size / mmTratamento térmicoR<sub>m</sub> / MPaR<sub>eL</sub> / MPaA (%)Z (%)a<sub>k</sub> / (J/cm²)Dureza HBW
≤601000 ~ 1050℃ Quenching (Oil, Water cooling), 600 ~ 770℃ Tempering, Oil, Water, Air cooling≥660≥450≥16≥55≤80≤197
1000 ~ 1050℃, Quenching (Oil, Water cooling), 660 ~ 770℃ Tempering660 ~ 1155450 ~ 97516 ~ 33.655 ~ 7880 ~ 267126 ~ 197¹
860℃ Annealing500250224590
1050℃ Air Quenching, 500℃ Tempering125095075550
1050℃ Air Quenching, 600℃ Tempering8506501063.570
1050℃ Oil Quenching, 660℃ Tempering8607101966.5130
1050℃ Oil Quenching, 770℃ Tempering82070018150

4) Creep Rupture Strength

Test Temperature /°C450470500530
R_m (1000h) /MPa330260230160
R_m (10000h) /MPa296215195105
R_m (100000h) /MPa26019016076

5) creep strength

Test Temperature /°C450475500550
σ-1 (100000h) /MPa128754838

Observação: The test steel was air-cooled at 1000 ~ 1020°C and tempered at 720~730 °C.

5) Corrosion Resistance

MédioConcentration (mass fraction, %)Temperature/°CTest Duration/hCorrosion Depth/(mm/a)
Nitric acid520-<0.1
Nitric acid5Boiling-3.00~10.0
Nitric acid2020-<0.1
Nitric acid20Boiling-1.0~3.0
Nitric acid30Boiling-<3.0
Nitric acid5020-<0.1
Nitric acid50Boiling-<3.0
Nitric acid6520-<0.1
Nitric acid65Boiling-3~10
Nitric acid9020-<0.1
Nitric acid90Boiling-<10.0
Citric acid5140-<10.0
Citric acid10Boiling->10.0
Lactic acidRelative density 1.01 ~ 1.04Boiling72>10.0
Lactic acidRelative density 1.04206000.27
Formic acid10 ~ 5020-<0.1
Formic acid10 ~ 50Boiling->10.0
Salicylic acid20-<0.1
Stearic acid>100-<0.1
Pyrogallic acidDilute ~ concentrated solution20-<0.1
Carbon dioxide and carbonic acidDry<100-<0.1
Carbon dioxide and carbonic acidHumid<100-<0.1
CelluloseDuring steaming-1902.59
CelluloseIn the slurry tank-2400.369
CelluloseTogether with peracetic acid in the tank-24022.85
Sodium hydroxide2050-<0.1
Sodium hydroxide20Boiling-<1.0
Sodium hydroxide30100-<1.0
Sodium hydroxide40100-<1.0
Sodium hydroxide50100-1.0~3.0
Sodium hydroxide6090-<1.0
Sodium hydroxide90300->10.0
Sodium hydroxideMolten318->10.0
Boric acid50 ~ Saturated solution100-<0.1
Acetic acid190-<0.1
Acetic acid520-<1.0
Acetic acid5Boiling->10.0
Acetic acid1020-<1.0
Acetic acid10Boiling->10.0
Tartaric acid10 ~ 5020-<0.1
Tartaric acid10 ~ 50Boiling-<1.0
Tartaric acidSaturated solutionBoiling-<10.0
Citric acid120->0.1
Citric acid1Boiling--
Potassium hydroxide25Boiling--
Potassium hydroxide5020--
Potassium hydroxide50Boiling--
Potassium hydroxide68120--
Potassium hydroxideMolten300->10.0
AmmoniaSolution and gas20 ~ 100-<0.1
Ammonium nitrateapprox 6520-0.0011
Ammonium nitrateapprox 65125-1.43
Ammonium chlorideSaturated solutionBoiling1269<10.0
Hydrogen peroxide20201100
IodineDry20-<0.1
IodineSolution20->10.0
BromoformVapor60-<0.1
Potassium nitrate25 ~ 5020-<0.1
Potassium nitrate25 ~ 50Boiling-<10.0
Potassium nitrate1020-0.07
Potassium sulfate10Boiling-1.18
Silver nitrate10Boiling720<0.1
Silver nitrateMolten25096>10.0
Sodium peroxide1020-<10.0
Sodium peroxide10Boiling->10.0
Alum1020-0.1 ~ 1.0
Alum10100-<10.0
Potassium dichromate2520-<0.1
Potassium dichromate25Boiling->10.0
Potassium chlorateSaturated solution100-<0.1

6. Equivalent Grades

  • German DIN: Material number 1.4021, grade X20Cr13
  • British BS: Grade S62
  • British EN: Grades 56B/56C
  • French AFNOR: Grade Z20C13
  • American AISI: 420

Perguntas frequentes

What is 2Cr13 material

2Cr13 is a martensitic stainless steel. Its typical chemical composition includes 0.16-0.25% Carbon (C), ≤0.60% Silicon (Si), ≤0.80% Manganese (Mn), 12.00-14.00% Chromium (Cr), ≤0.030% Sulfur (S), and ≤0.035% Phosphorus (P). It is often used for parts requiring high stress, such as turbine blades, hot oil pump shafts and impellers, and hydraulic press valves.

Is 2Cr13 stainless steel good?

2Cr13 is good for applications requiring excellent corrosion resistance, polishability, high strength, and wear resistance after heat treatment. It’s suitable for parts under high stress and in certain corrosive environments, including paper industry components, medical instruments, and household items like cutlery. However, its weldability can be poor, and it may have lower toughness and corrosion resistance compared to some other stainless steels like 12Cr13.

What is the difference between 2Cr13 and 420 stainless steel？

In practical terms, 2Cr13 stainless steel is often directly comparable to or the same as AISI/SAE 420 stainless steel. Both have a similar chromium content of 12-14% and carbon content typically ranging from 0.15% to 0.25%. Both are martensitic grades and are hardenable.

What is the difference between 2Cr13 and 3Cr13?

The primary difference between 2Cr13 and 3Cr13 stainless steel lies in their carbon content.
2Cr13: Contains 0.16-0.25% Carbon.
3Cr13: Contains a higher carbon content of 0.26-0.35%. This higher carbon content in 3Cr13 results in greater strength, hardness, and hardenability compared to 2Cr13 (and 12Cr13) after quenching. However, 3Cr13’s toughness and corrosion resistance may be slightly lower than 2Cr13. Both are martensitic stainless steels.

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