Aço para ferramentas Cr12MoV

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Cr12MoV tool steel is a high-carbon, high-chromium ledeburite cold work tool steel with high hardness, wear resistance, and minimal quenching deformation. This steel grade is an improved version of Cr12 tool steel, with the addition of molybdenum (Mo) and vanadium (V) elements to enhance its performance characteristics.

1. Composition of Cr12MoV Steel（GB/ T 1299—2000）

C	Si	Mn	Cr	V	Mo	S	P
1.45 ~ 1.70	≤0.40	≤0.40	11.00 ~ 12.50	0.15 ~ 0.30	0.40 ~ 0.60	≤0.030	≤0.030

2. Properties of Cr12MoV Steel

Temperatura do Ponto Crítico

Ponto crítico	Ac₁	Ac₃	Ar₁	Senhora
Temperature (approx.) / °C	810	1200	760	185

Coeficiente de Expansão Linear

Temperatura / °C	Coeficiente de expansão linear α / (10⁻⁶ °C⁻¹)
20 ~ 100	10.9
20 ~ 400	11.4
20 ~ 600	12.2

Cr12MoV is a high-carbon, high-chromium, high-hardenability ledeburitic steel. It is characterized by high hardness, good impact toughness, high hardenability, and low distortion upon quenching.

For cross-sectional dimensions up to 400mm, it can be fully through-hardened. Furthermore, it maintains good hardness and wear resistance at elevated temperatures in the range of 300 ~ 400°C.

With minimal volumetric change during quenching and excellent overall mechanical properties, Cr12MoV is considered one of the representative steel grades for high-end cold work tooling materials.

3. Forging Process Specification of Cr12MoV Steel

Item	Heating Temp. / °C	Initial Forging Temp. / °C	Final Forging Temp. / °C	Método de resfriamento
Lingote	1100 ~ 1150	1050 ~ 1100	850 ~ 900	Slow cooling (pit or sand cooling)
Tarugo	1050 ~ 1100	1000 ~ 1050	850 ~ 900	Slow cooling (pit or sand cooling)

Note: Cr12MoV steel has a low melting point, so the heating temperature should not be too high; it has poor thermal conductivity, so attention should be paid to slow heating. After forging, it must be cooled slowly to avoid cracks. It can be placed in a preheated pit and cooled to 400-500°C. Annealing can be performed after cooling.

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4. Tratamento térmico

4.1 Pré-aquecimento

	Parâmetros do processo
Post-Forging Annealing	Heating temperature 850 ~ 870°C, hold for 1 ~ 2h, furnace cool to below 500°C then air cool. Hardness after annealing is 207 ~ 255HBW, microstructure is fine pearlite + carbide.
Post-Forging Isothermal Annealing	Heating temperature 850 ~ 870°C, hold for 1 ~ 2h, furnace cool to 720 ~ 750°C, hold for 3 ~ 4h, furnace cool to below 550°C then air cool. Hardness after annealing is 207 ~ 255HBW. Microstructure is fine pearlite + carbide.
High-Temperature Tempering	Heating temperature 760 ~ 790°C, hold for 2 ~ 3h, furnace cool or air cool. Hardness is 207 ~ 255HBW.

4.2 Têmpera

Quenching Process Specifications for Cr12MoV Steel

Esquema	1st Preheating Temp./°C	2nd Preheating Temp./°C	Temperatura de têmpera/°C	Meio de resfriamento	Quenching Medium Temp./°C	Cooling in Medium	Subsequently	Dureza HRC
I	550 ~ 600	840 ~ 860	950 ~ 1000	Óleo	20 ~ 60	To oil temp	Resfriamento a ar	58 ~ 62
II			1020 ~ 1040	Óleo	20 ~ 60	To oil temp	Resfriamento a ar	62 ~ 63
III			1020 ~ 1040	Molten nitrate salt	400 ~ 550	5 ~ 10min	Resfriamento a ar	62 ~ 63
IV			1115 ~ 1130	Óleo	20 ~ 60	To oil temp	Resfriamento a ar	42 ~ 50
V			1115 ~ 1130	Molten nitrate salt	400 ~ 450	5 ~ 10min	Resfriamento a ar	42 ~ 50

Note: Schemes IV and V are used for molds that require hot hardness and high wear resistance, such as hot stamping dies working below 450°C, but their mechanical properties are poor, and dimensional deformation is large. After quenching according to schemes I and II, the volume fraction of the microstructure is 12% carbides, 68% to 73% martensite, and 20% to 25% retained austenita.

Hardness and Quenching Temperature Under Different Heating and Cooling Conditions

Heating Conditions	Método de resfriamento	Temperatura de têmpera/°C	Dureza HRC
Heating in carburizing agent	Resfriamento de óleo	930	64
		980	65
		1010	65
		1030	63.5
Heating in air furnace	Resfriamento de óleo	930	60.2
		980	63
		1010	63.9
		1030	63.5
Heating in air furnace	Resfriamento a ar	930	59
		980	62.5
		1010	63.2
		1030	62

4.3 Têmpera

Tempering Process Specifications

Esquema	Temperatura de têmpera/°C	Tempering Purpose	Tempering Temp./°C	Médio	Dureza HRC
I	1020 ～ 1040	Stress relief	150 ~ 170	Oil or nitrate salt	61 ~ 63
II		Stress relief, reduce hardness	200 ~ 275	-	57 ~ 59
III		Stress relief, reduce hardness	400 ~ 425	-	55 ~ 57
IV	1115 ~ 1130	Stress relief and secondary hardening	510 ~ 520℃ Multiple tempering	-	60 ~ 61
V			-78℃ Cryogenic treatment + 510 ~ 520℃ single tempering	-	60 ~ 61
VI			-78℃ Cryogenic treatment plus one 510 ~ 520℃ tempering, then another -78℃ cryogenic treatment	-	61 ~ 62

Observação:

Workpieces tempered according to Scheme I need to maintain high hardness and high wear resistance, and their dimensional changes are almost independent of the quenching state.
Scheme II is used to obtain workpieces with good toughness.

Tempering Temperature and Hardness

Tempering Temp./°C	Untempered	100	200	300	400	500	550	600	650
Dureza HRC	63	62	61	59	57	59	53	47	40

Observação: Oil quenched at 1030°C, tempered for two hours.

5. Aplicações

Cr12MoV steel is suitable for manufacturing a wide variety of tools and dies that are characterized by large cross-sections, complex shapes, and are subjected to significant impact loads. Examples of such applications include:

Punching dies with complex geometries
General stamping dies
Blanking dies for silicon steel sheets
Matrizes de corte
Edge rolling/curling dies
Matrizes de trefilação
Matrizes de extrusão a frio
Deep drawing dies for steel plate
Placas de laminação de roscas
Cold shearing blades
Circular saws
Ferramentas e medidores padrão

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Leverage our 20+ years of expertise. We supply high-quality Cr12MoV tool steel, a versatile cold-work steel known for its excellent toughness, wear resistance, and dimensional stability. Contact our specialists for detailed specifications and a competitive quote.

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