Stal nierdzewna 4Cr13

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4Cr13 stainless steel, frequently designated as 40Cr13 or SM4Cr13 in Chinese standards, is categorized as a martensitic stainless steel. The “4” in its nomenclature typically signifies a carbon content of approximately 0.4%.

4Cr13 steel is a martensitic stainless steel with good machinability. It possesses high strength and wear resistance, as well as excellent corrosion resistance, capable of withstanding steam, weak organic acids, dilute sulfuric acid, and carbonates. Its good polishing performance makes it suitable for manufacturing transparent and opaque plastic product molds that are subjected to high loads, high wear, and corrosive media. Applications include molds for optical lenses (corrosive), resin material products, and resin products with additives. This steel is recommended for all plastic mold manufacturing. Due to its special properties, it is particularly suitable for demanding environments, such as corrosion-resistant and rust-proof molds (e.g., molds for injection materials containing corrosive acetate salts), molds with low surface roughness requirements, complex molds with good toughness and ductility, and large plastic molds requiring high transparency.

1. Composition（YB / T 094—1997）

CSiMnKrSP
0.36 ~ 0.45≤0,60≤0.8012.00 ~ 14.00≤0,030≤0,030

2. Physical Properties of 4Cr13 Stainless Steel

2.1 Critical Temperature

Punkt krytycznyAk1A3SM
Temperatura (°C)8201100270

2.2 Coefficient of Linear Expansion

Temperatura (°C)20 ~ 10020 ~ 20020 ~ 30020 ~ 40020 ~ 500
α (x 10⁻⁶/°C)10.511.011.011.512.0

2.3 Przewodność cieplna

Temperatura (°C)20200400600
λ [W/(m·K)]27.628.828.828.4

2.4 Modulus of Elasticity

Temperatura (°C)20400500600
E (MPa)210000 ~ 223500197000185000174000

2.5 Electrical Resistivity

Temperatura (°C)20100
ρ (x 10⁻⁶ Ω·m)0.550.65

2.6 Other Physical Properties

Gęstość (g/cm³)Specific Heat Capacity cₚ (20°C) / [J/(kg·K)]
7.7459.8

3. Forging process 4Cr13 Stainless Steel

OgrzewaniePoczątkowa temperatura kucia (°C)Temperatura końcowego kucia (°C)Chłodzenie
Heat slowly to 800°C, then rapidly to 1200°C1160 ~ 1200≥850Cool in ash or sand

Notatka: Tempering should be carried out promptly after forging.

4Cr13 stainless Steel
4Cr13 stainless steel

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4. Heat Treatment 4Cr13 Stainless Steel

4.1 Podgrzewanie wstępne

Preliminary Heat Treatment PlanHeating Temperature/°CMetoda chłodzeniaHardness HBW
Post-forging Annealing750 ~ 800Furnace cool to 500°C, then air cool≤217
Stress Relief AnnealingSoak at 650°C for 2hSlowly cool to 500°C, then air cool—

4.2 Hartowanie

Quenching Temperature/°CMetoda chłodzeniaTwardość HRC
1000 ~ 1050Chłodzenie oleju52 ~ 55

4.3 Hartowanie

Tempering Temperature/°CMetoda chłodzeniaTwardość HRC
200 ~ 300Air Cooling50 ~ 53

Relationship between Tempering Temperature and Hardness

Tempering Temperature/°CAfter Quenching200300400500550600650
Twardość HRC5453525150443328

5. Mechanical Properties 4Cr13 Stainless Steel

5.1 Mechanical Properties of 4Cr13 Steel at Different Temperatures

Własność mechanicznaRoom Temperature200°C300°C400°C500°C600°C
Tensile Strength (RM)/MPa1125960915790525310
Yield Strength (ReL)/MPa905820720680470260
Elongation (A)/%1110.51011.51920
Reduction of Area (Z)/%324039457582
Impact Toughness (ak)/(J/cm²)1050707180105

Notatka: 1050°C air cooling, 650°C x 3h tempering.

5.2 Room Temperature Mechanical Properties

Obróbka cieplnaTensile Strength (RM)/MPaYield Strength (ReL)/MPaElongation (A)/%Reduction of Area (Z)/%Twardość HRCHardness after Annealing HBW
1050 ~ 1100°C oil quenching, 200 ~ 300°C tempering114091012.532≥50≤229
1050°C air cooling, 600°C, 3h tempering, 860°C annealing480 ~ 56020 ~ 2550 ~ 67143 ~ 229

5.3 High-Temperature Tensile Properties

Obróbka cieplnaTest Temperature/°CTensile Strength (RM)/MPaYield Strength (ReL)/MPaElongation (A)/%
1030°C air cooling,<br>500°C tempering air cooling201800 ~ 18201630 ~ 16502.5
4001660 ~ 17001450 ~ 14806
4501570 ~ 16001350 ~ 14205 ~ 6
5001310 ~ 13401250 ~ 12906.5
1030°C air cooling,<br>600°C tempering air cooling201130 ~ 11609709.2 ~ 10
400920 ~ 960790 ~ 8308.3 ~ 10
450800 ~ 820620 ~ 65010 ~ 12
500710 ~ 730580 ~ 60014.5 ~ 15

6. Applications

  • Formy: It is widely used for plastic molds, especially for producing transparent and opaque plastic products, and molds that operate in corrosive environments (e.g., those processing plastics with corrosive additives like acetates). Its superior polishing characteristics make it ideal for molds requiring very smooth surfaces.
  • Medical Instruments: Components for surgical medical instruments.
  • Cutlery: Blades for various types of knives.
  • Komponenty maszyn: Employed for high-stress, wear-prone parts such as bearings, valves, valve plates, shafts, bolts, and springs.
  • Measuring Tools: Given its high hardenability and minimal distortion after heat treatment, it is also a choice for frequently used measuring tools or reference gauges.

7. Oceny równoważne

• International (ISO/TS 15510, EN 10088-1): X39Cr13 (1.4031) or X46Cr13 (1.4034).

• Russian (GOST): 40X13.

• Japoński (JIS): SUS420J2.

• USA (AISI/SAE/UNS): While not a direct equivalent due to carbon content variations, AISI 420 (S42000) is often referenced. AISI 420 stal nierdzewna generally has a lower carbon content compared to 4Cr13.

Często zadawane pytania

Is 4Cr13 a good knife steel?

Yes, 4Cr13 can be a good knife steel, particularly for general-purpose applications. It is a martensitic stainless steel that can be heat-treated to achieve a good level of hardness, which contributes to edge retention.

What is the difference between 4Cr13 and D2 steel?

4Cr13 is a martensitic stainless steel commonly used in the manufacture of tableware. D2, on the other hand, is a high-carbon, high-chromium cold-work tool steel used for molds and punches. D2 contains a large amount of hard carbides, resulting in higher hardness and wear resistance than 4Cr13, but lower toughness.

Does 4Cr13 steel rust?

4Cr13 steel is a type of stainless steel. However, like many martensitic stainless steels, its corrosion resistance is affected by carbon content and heat treatment, as carbon forms carbides with chromium, which may cause corrosion under certain conditions or if maintenance is inadequate.

What is the difference between 3Cr13 and 4Cr13 steel?

The carbon content of 4Cr13 is higher than that of 3Cr13, so after heat treatment, the hardness of 4Cr13 is higher than that of 3Cr13. However, the higher carbon content in 4Cr13 may make its corrosion resistance slightly inferior to that of 3Cr13, as more chromium elements may be bound by carbides.

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