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What is H13 tool steel? It is an air-hardening hot work tool steel and is one of the most widely used steels among all hot work tool steels. Compared to H11 tool steel, this steel offers higher thermal strength and hardness. Additionally, since it can be air-hardened, it exhibits low quenching deformation and residual stress and a minimal tendency for surface oxidation. Furthermore, it can produce secondary hardening, boasts excellent thermal stability, and effectively resists the erosion of aluminum alloy molten liquid.
Manufacturers widely use this steel to produce hot extrusion dies and mandrels, forging dies for drop hammers, and forging press dies. Additionally, it is commonly utilized for inserts in precision forging machines and die-casting molds for aluminum, copper, and their alloys. This versatility makes it a preferred choice for demanding industrial applications.
The designation in the U.S. ASTM A681 system is H13, and the name in the American AISI system is AISI H13 steel. Similarly, other national standards use comparable designations, such as ISO 40CrMoV5, Japan/JIS SKD61, USA/UNS T20813, Germany/DIN X40CrMoV5-1, Germany/W-Nr. 1.2344, and Czech Republic (CSN) 19554. For consistency, we will use H13 steel as a substitute in the following article. Next, we will discuss the properties of H13 tool steel in detail.
H13 tool steel Applications
1. Matrizes de fundição sob pressão:
H13 die steel exhibits excellent heat resistance and toughness, making it ideal for die-casting dies. Specifically, workers inject molten metal under high pressure and temperature during the die-casting process, requiring materials capable of withstanding extreme conditions.
2. Matrizes de forjamento:
H13 handles high impact and mechanical stress effectively, making it suitable for forging dies that shape metals at high temperatures. Additionally, its durability and resistance to thermal fatigue ensure reliable performance in demanding industrial applications.
3. Matrizes de extrusão:
O H13 é forte e resiste ao desgaste. Isso o torna útil para matrizes de extrusão. Essas matrizes moldam materiais sob alta pressão.
4. Matrizes de moldagem de plástico:
Manufacturers commonly use H13 tool steel to make molds for plastic injection because they need its heat resistance and wear resistance.
5. Lâminas de cisalhamento a quente:
Sua capacidade de permanecer afiado em altas temperaturas o torna um excelente material para lâminas de cisalhamento a quente usadas em processos de corte de metais.
6. Materiais de molde de material de construção em liga de alumínio:
Chinese industries widely use H13 as a mold material for aluminum alloy building materials, which is why people call it H13 mold steel.
H13 Steel: High-Temperature Excellence
H13 steel delivers superior strength, thermal fatigue resistance, and hardness above 500°C—ideal for die-casting molds, hot-working dies, and high-temperature fixtures. Trusted in aluminum and magnesium alloy die-casting, forging, and extrusion, it’s your go-to choice for peak performance.
H13 tool steel overview
H13 steel is a widely used hot work tool steel globally. It is renowned for its strength and toughness, high hardenability, and resistance to thermal cracking. This steel features higher levels of carbon and vanadium, which result in good wear resistance but relatively lower toughness. It offers good heat resistance, maintaining strong strength and hardness, high wear resistance, and toughness at elevated temperatures. Furthermore, it has excellent overall mechanical properties and high tempering resistance.
Chemical composition
| Carbono (C) | Cromo (Cr) | Molibdênio (Mo) | Vanádio (V) | Silício (Si) | Iron (Fe) | Níquel (Ni) | Copper (Cu) | Manganês (Mn) |
| 0.32 – 0.45 | 4.75 – 5.50 | 1.10 – 1.75 | 0.80 – 1.20 | 0.80 – 1.20 | ≥ 90.9 | ≤ 0.3 | ≤ 0.25 | Smaller amounts |
Physical properties
| Propriedade | Valor |
|---|---|
| Densidade | 7.75 – 7.80 g/cm3 |
| Tensile Strength, Ultimate | 1200 – 2050 MPa (174000 – 231000 psi) |
| Tensile Strength, Yield | 1000 – 1380 MPa (145000 – 200000 psi) |
| Hardness | 45-52 HRC (Rockwell C Hardness) |
| Impact Toughness | 20-40 J/cm2 |
| Compressive Strength | 2550 MPa |
1. Pré-aquecimento
a) Especificações do processo de forjamento
| Item | Temperatura de aquecimento (°C) | Temperatura de forjamento (°C) | Temperatura de acabamento (°C) | Método de resfriamento |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lingote | 1140-1180 | 1100-1150 | 900-850 | Resfriamento lento (resfriamento em areia ou poço) |
| Tarugo | 1120-1150 | 1050-1100 | 900-850 | Resfriamento lento (resfriamento em areia ou poço) |
b) Processo de tratamento térmico
| Plano de tratamento pré-aquecimento | Parâmetros do processo |
| Processo de recozimento | Temperatura de aquecimento: 860 ~ 890°C, espera de 3 a 4 horas, resfriamento do forno abaixo de 500°C e, em seguida, resfriamento ao ar, dureza após o recozimento ≤229HBW, estrutura: perlita esferoidizada + uma pequena quantidade de carbonetos |
| Recozimento para alívio de estresse | Temperatura de aquecimento: 730 ~ 760°C, manter por 3 ~ 4 horas, resfriamento do forno |
c) Dureza e microestrutura antes e depois do recozimento
| Condição | Diâmetro de indentação (mm) | HBW | Microestrutura |
|---|---|---|---|
| Antes do recozimento | ≈2.75 | ≈500 | Martensita ou Bainita |
| Após o recozimento | ≥3.9 | ≥241 | Pearlita esferoidizada + pequena quantidade de carbonetos |
2. Resfriamento
a) Especificação recomendada para o processo de têmpera
| Temperatura de resfriamento (°C) | Resfriamento | Meio de resfriamento | Temperatura do meio de resfriamento (°C) | Resfriamento para | Dureza (HRC) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1020 ~ 1080 | Óleo ou ar | 20 ~ 60 | Temperatura ambiente | 56 ~ 58 |
b) Relação entre temperatura de têmpera, dureza e tamanho de grão
| Temperatura de resfriamento (°C) | 930 | 950 | 980 | 1000 | 1020 | 1040 | 1060 | 1080 | 1100 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dureza (HRC) | 50.3 | 52 | 53.5 | 54.8 | 56.3 | 57.8 | 58.2 | 59.1 | 59.1 |
| Tamanho do grão (nível) | - | 11.2 | 11.1 | 11.1 | 11.1 | 11 | 10 | 8 | 7 |
3. Têmpera
a) Especificações recomendadas para o processo de têmpera
| Finalidade | Temperatura de revenimento (°C) | Equipamento | Método de resfriamento | Dureza de têmpera (HRC) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alivia o estresse, reduz a dureza | 560 ~ 580 | Forno de banho de sal de fusão ou forno de ar | Resfriamento a ar | 47 ~ 49 |
b) A relação entre a temperatura de têmpera e a dureza
| Temperatura de revenimento (°C) | Dureza (HRC) |
|---|---|
| 100 | 59.0 |
| 200 | 57.0 |
| 300 | 54.5 |
| 400 | 54.5 |
| 450 | 57.5 |
| 500 | 57.5 |
| 550 | 53.5 |
| 600 | 49.5 |
| 650 | 40.0 |
| 700 | 30.0 |
From forging to extrusion, H13 steel delivers unmatched strength and versatility. Discover the difference today!
H13 steel equivalents: DIN 1.2344 and JIS SKD61
Under the German and Japanese standard systems, DIN 1.2344 and SKD61 are steels that can substitute H13. They share similar compositions and properties, and are internationally recognized air-hardening hot work die steels. These steels exhibit excellent high-temperature strength, toughness, and resistance to thermal fatigue, enabling them to withstand rapid temperature changes. They are suitable for prolonged operation under high-temperature conditions while maintaining superior machinability and polishing performance.
Introduction to DIN 1.2344 steel
Chemical composition
| Carbono (C) | Silício (Si) | Manganês (Mn) | Cromo (Cr) | Molibdênio (Mo) | Vanádio (V) | Fósforo (P) | Enxofre (S) |
| 0.35 – 0.42 | 0.8 – 1.2 | 0.25 – 0.5 | 4.8 – 5.5 | 1.2 – 1.5 | 0.85 – 1.15 | ≤0.030 | ≤0.030 |
1.2344 material properties
Machinability: Machine 1.2344 tool steel, which has moderate machinability, best in its annealed condition. Use proper cutting fluids and tools to reduce tool wear.
Weldability: Welding 1.2344 steel presents some challenges. To prevent cracking, welders must carefully preheat the material and perform post-weld heat treatment. Maintaining weld integrity requires specialized welding techniques.
Introduction to JIS SKD61 steel
Chemical composition
| Carbono (C) | Cromo (Cr) | Molibdênio (Mo) | Vanádio (V) | Manganês (Mn) | Silício (Si) | Fósforo (P) | Enxofre (S) |
| 0.32 – 0.42 | 4.50 – 5.50 | 1.00 – 1.50 | 0.80 – 1.20 | 0.20 – 0.50 | 0.80 – 1.20 | ≤ 0.03 | ≤ 0.03 |
Propriedades físicas
| Propriedade | Valor |
|---|---|
| Densidade | 7.8 g/cm³ |
| Condutividade térmica | 28 W/m-K a 100°C |
| Módulo elástico | 210 GPa |
| Capacidade térmica específica | 460 J/kg-K |
| Dureza (após tratamento térmico) | 50 – 55 HRC |
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