Aobo Steel:The Reliable supplier for D2 Tool Steel
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Our company, Aobo Steel, is a professional D2 tool steel supplier with a production heritage from 2003. We possess an extensive and professional understanding of the production and various performance aspects of D2 tool steel.
What is D2 tool steel? It is a high-carbon, high-chromium, air-hardening cold work tool steel. D2 steel has high hardenability, high hardness, and high wear resistance. Additionally, it has good high-temperature oxidation resistance, impact resistance after quenching and tempering, and minimal deformation during heat treatment. D2 tool steel, renowned for its durability, manufactures cold-working dies, tools, and gauges with large cross-sections, complex shapes, high precision requirements, and a long service life. Furthermore, these tools withstand significant impacts.
The designation in the U.S. ASTM A681 system is D2. The grade is also AISI D2 tool steel in the AISI system. Similar designations in other national standards include ISO 160CrMoV12, Japan/JIS SKD11, USA/UNS T30402, Germany/DIN X155CrMo12-1, Germany/W-Nr. 1.2379, and Czech Republic (CSN) 19221.
D2 steel applications
Ferramentas de corte:
- Knives: It manufactures industrial knives for the paper, plastic, and metal industries, as well as kitchen and hunting knives. In the civilian market, we often see D2 Steel Knives.
- Shear Blades: D2 shear blades efficiently cut through thick and hard materials in the metalworking and recycling industries, making them very effective tools.
Ferramentas de formação:
- Dies: D2 tool steel is widely used for making dies for punching, stamping, and forming operations because of its exceptional properties. Specifically, its ability to withstand high-pressure applications without deforming is crucial in these industries, ensuring precision and longevity.
- Rolls: D2 rolls are essential components in rolling mills because they can endure high wear conditions while maintaining their shape and functionality.
Componentes industriais:
- Peças de desgaste: Devido à sua durabilidade, o D2 é frequentemente usado para componentes sujeitos a desgaste intenso, como cames, guias e medidores.
- Extrusion Dies: D2 tool steel is used for dies in the plastic and aluminum extrusion industries because these dies must withstand high pressures and the abrasive nature of the extruded materials.
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Still struggling to find the right D2 material supplier? We are professional tool steel suppliers, offering D2 tool steel in various specifications, with guaranteed quality and competitive prices. Whether you need custom or standard sizes, we can meet your requirements. Contact us now for more information!
D2 tool Steel Review
Tool steel D2 is high-carbon, high-chromium tool steel with high wear resistance, decent toughness, and a great cutting edge. This makes it a preferred material in high-stress durability applications, such as blanking dies, forming dies, shear blades, and gauges. In this review, we explain everything there is to know about the properties of D2 STEEL: chemical composition, mechanical properties, treatment, you name it, and we will see why the D2 STEEL is so widely used in the industry. The new study aims to evaluate what plays a major role in steel D2 properties and the strengths or weaknesses in the steel population.
D2 steel composition
| Elemento | Carbono (C) | Cromo (Cr) | Molibdênio (Mo) | Vanádio (V) | Manganês (Mn) | Silício (Si) | Fósforo (P) | Enxofre (S) |
| Percentage (%) | 1.40 – 1.60 | 11.00 – 13.00 | 0.70 – 1.20 | 0.50 – 1.10 | 0.20 – 0.60 | 0.10 – 0.60 | ≤ 0.03 | ≤ 0.03 |
D2 steel heat treatment
De acordo com seus dados técnicos, o aço AISI D2 requer um tratamento térmico cuidadoso, incluindo aquecimento lento, para atingir a dureza e a tenacidade desejadas.
1. Material D2 Pre-Heat Treatment Process Specifications
| Plano de tratamento pré-aquecimento | Parâmetros do processo |
|---|---|
| Processo de recozimento de lingotes e tarugos | Aqueça a uma taxa de <100°C/h a 870 ~ 890°C, mantenha por 2 ~ 4 horas, resfrie a uma taxa de <30°C/h no forno a menos de 550°C e, em seguida, resfrie ao ar |
| Processo de recozimento isotérmico | Aquecer a 840 ~ 860°C, manter por 2 horas; resfriar o forno a 720 ~ 740°C, manter por 4 horas, resfriar o forno a menos de 550°C e, em seguida, resfriar ao ar; a dureza do recozimento é de 205 ~ 255 HBW |
2. Material D2 Quenching
a) D2 metal Recommended Heat Treatment Process
| Esquema | Primeira temperatura de pré-aquecimento (°C) | Segunda temperatura de pré-aquecimento (°C) | Temperatura de aquecimento de resfriamento (°C) | Resfriamento | Dureza Rockwell C (HRC) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | 500 ~ 600 | 820 ~ 860 | 980 ~ 1040 | Resfriamento a óleo ou a ar | 60 ~ 65 |
| II | 500 ~ 600 | 820 ~ 860 | 1060 ~ 1100 | Resfriamento a óleo ou a ar | 60 ~ 65 |
b) Relação entre temperatura de têmpera, dureza e teor de austenita retida
| Temperatura de resfriamento (°C) | 900 | 950 | 980 | 1000 | 1030 | 1050 | 1080 | 1100 | 1130 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dureza Rockwell C (HRC) | 52.5 | 57.5 | 60 | 63.5 | 63.4 | 63 | 62.5 | 62 | 60 |
| Conteúdo de austenita retida (fração de volume, %) | - | 4 | 4 | 6 | 8 | 10 | 13 | 24 | - |
3. D2 metal Tempering
Especificações recomendadas para o processo de têmpera
| Esquema de têmpera | Temperatura de revenimento (°C) | Número de ciclos de têmpera | Dureza Rockwell C (HRC) |
|---|---|---|---|
| I | 180 ~ 230 | 1 | 60 ~ 64 |
| II | 510 ~ 540 | 2 | 60 ~ 64 |
4. Parâmetros do processo de recozimento
| Especificação de aquecimento | Especificação de resfriamento | Dureza (HBS) | |||
| Temperatura de aquecimento (°C) | Tempo de retenção (horas) | Resfriamento lento | Isotérmico | ||
| Temperatura de aquecimento (°C) | Tempo de retenção (horas) | ||||
| 870~890 | 2~5 | Resfriamento do forno a 550°C e, em seguida, resfriamento ao ar | ≤248 | ||
| 840~860 | 2 | – | 720-740°C | 2~4 | 207~255 |
D2 tool steel hardness
The hardness of material D2 depends on its heat treatment condition:
- Annealed Condition: ~ 217-255 HB (Brinell Hardness)
- After Hardening & Tempering: ~ 58-62 HRC (Rockwell Hardness C)
D2 steel achieves its maximum hardness of around 62-64 HRC after proper quenching. It is typically tempered to 58-62 HRC to balance hardness and toughness for industrial applications like dies, punches, and cutting tools.
D2 steel in knife applications
D2 steel is widely used in knife tools as a high-carbon, high-chromium cold work die steel because of its good wear resistance and toughness. Its 11.5% Cr content forms a large number of M7C3-type carbides, which, together with the strengthening effect of 1.5% C and 1% Mo/V, results in a hardness of 60-62 HRC.
Industrial Grade Cutting Knives
Applicable scenarios: paper industry slitting knives, leather cutting knives, food processing knives
Technical Advantage: Carbide volume fraction of 15-20% (passage 4), wear life is 3-5 times higher than T10 steel.
Processing points: recommended to use 1020-1040 ℃ quenching + 180-230 ℃ tempering (a hardening process)
Not recommended to use D2 steel blade for the following scenarios:
① Dry cutting with cutting speed >150m/min (insufficient red hardness at high temperature)
② impact load > 50J logging tool (preferred 6CrW2Si)
③ Medical surgical tools (CPM-3V powder steel is recommended)
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What are the D2 steel equivalents? DIN 1.2379 and JIS SKD11
In the German and Japanese standard systems, the grades similar to D2 steel are DIN 1.2379 and JIS SKD11, respectively. They have very similar chemical compositions and properties, and can be considered equivalent steel standards. Like D2, DIN 1.2379 and JIS SKD11 are high-carbon, high-chromium alloy tool steels, containing appropriate amounts of molybdenum and vanadium alloying elements. They exhibit high wear resistance and compressive strength, as well as excellent impact toughness, hardenability, dimensional stability, and resistance to temper softening. Their typical hardness ranges from 56 to 60 HRC, and they can undergo nitriding treatment. After quenching and high-temperature tempering, their hardness and wear resistance remain intact, making them particularly suitable for high-speed blanking dies used with cold-worked materials such as silicon steel.
DIN 1.2379 Steel Introduction
1.2379 Chemical Composition
| Carbono (C) | Silício (Si) | Manganês (Mn) | Cromo (Cr) | Molibdênio (Mo) | Vanádio (V) |
| 1.40% – 1.60% | ≤ 0.60% | ≤ 0.60% | 11.00% – 13.00% | 0.7% – 1.20% | 0.50% – 1.10% |
1.2379 Physical Properties
| Densidade | 7695kg/m³ |
| Specific Gravity | 7.7 |
| Ponto de fusão | 1420-1460°C |
| Thermal Expansion Coefficient | 11.6 x 10⁻⁶/°C |
| Thermal Expansion Coefficient | 6.4 x 10⁻⁶/°F |
| Capacidade térmica específica | 460J/kg·K |
| Thermal Conductivity (200°C) | 21W/m·K |
| Thermal Conductivity (400°C) | 23W/m·K |
JIS SKD11 Steel Introduction
SKD11 Chemical Composition
| Carbono (C) | Cromo (Cr) | Molibdênio (Mo) | Vanádio (V) | Manganês (Mn) | Silício (Si) | Níquel (Ni) | Fósforo (P) | Enxofre (S) |
| 1.40 – 1.60 | 11.00 – 13.00 | 0.80 – 1.20 | 0.20 – 0.50 | 0.40 – 0.60 | 0.20 – 0.50 | ≤ 0.25 | ≤ 0.03 | ≤ 0.03 |
SKD11 Physical Properties
Propriedade | Valor |
Densidade | 7,7 g/cm³ |
Condutividade térmica | 20,0 W/m-K a 100°C |
Módulo elástico | 210 GPa |
Capacidade térmica específica | 460 J/kg-K |
Dureza (após tratamento térmico) | 58 - 62 HRC |
Perguntas frequentes
1. O aço d2 enferruja facilmente? O aço D2 é inoxidável?
Embora não seja um verdadeiro aço inoxidável, o aço AISI D2 apresenta alguma resistência à corrosão devido ao seu alto teor de cromo. Ainda assim, é mais propenso à ferrugem se não for protegido adequadamente.
2. Is d2 steel good
D2 e 8Cr13MoV são categorias diferentes de aço. O que é o aço 8cr13mov? O 8Cr13MoV é um tipo de aço inoxidável muito melhor do que o D2 em termos de resistência à ferrugem. No entanto, ambos são comumente usados na fabricação de ferramentas de corte. O aço D2 tem uma dureza maior do que o 8Cr13MoV. A dureza do aço 8cr13mov é de 58-60 HRC. O aço D2 se destaca na retenção de bordas, enquanto o aço 8Cr13MoV é mais equilibrado em todos os outros recursos, especialmente na facilidade de afiação e na resistência à corrosão.
3. D2 material round bar price – What is the latest?
O preço do aço D2 flutua de acordo com as mudanças no preço das ligas. Para obter o preço mais recente, entre em contato com sales@aobosteel.com
4. What are the disadvantages of D2 steel?
Insufficient Toughness: D2 steel has relatively low toughness, making it prone to fracturing under impact or high stress, especially in low-temperature environments.
Difficult Machinability: Due to its high hardness, D2 steel is challenging to process and heat treat, requiring specialized equipment and techniques, which increases production costs.
Limited Corrosion Resistance: Although it has a high chromium content, D2 steel’s corrosion resistance is still inferior to that of stainless steel, and it may rust when exposed to humid or corrosive environments for extended periods.
Prone to Chipping: The high hardness of D2 steel makes its blades susceptible to chipping under impact, particularly in thin or fine-edged tools.
High Cost: The production and processing costs of D2 steel are relatively high, making it more expensive compared to other materials.
Complex Heat Treatment: The heat treatment process for D2 steel is intricate, requiring precise control of temperature and time; otherwise, it may lead to cracking or deformation.
Poor Weldability: D2 steel has poor welding performance, as it is prone to cracking during welding, necessitating special precautions.
5. Is D2 steel good for knives?
6.What is the equivalent of D2 tool steel?
In different countries or standards, D2 is equivalent to:
Chinese Standard (GB): Cr12Mo1V1
American Standard (ASTM/UNS): D2/T30402
Japanese Standard (JIS): SKD11
German Standard (DIN): 1.2379 and X155CrMoV12-1
Although the corresponding grades of D2 steel vary in name across different national and standard systems, their core properties (such as high hardness, wear resistance, and resistance to high-temperature softening) remain consistent.
7.Can D2 steel be welded?
D2 steel has poor welding performance, mainly due to its high carbon and chromium content, which leads to brittleness and crack sensitivity. Welding quality can be improved to some extent by preheating, selecting appropriate welding electrodes, controlling welding process parameters, and post-weld heat treatment.
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