{"id":9541,"date":"2025-08-05T14:44:50","date_gmt":"2025-08-05T06:44:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/?page_id=9541"},"modified":"2026-04-02T13:04:48","modified_gmt":"2026-04-02T05:04:48","slug":"selection-of-steels-for-cold-heading-dies","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/pt\/selection-of-steels-for-cold-heading-dies\/","title":{"rendered":"Guia de Sele\u00e7\u00e3o de A\u00e7o para Matrizes de Conforma\u00e7\u00e3o a Frio | Fornecedor de A\u00e7o para Ferramentas Aobo Steel"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Sele\u00e7\u00e3o de a\u00e7o ferramenta para matrizes de conforma\u00e7\u00e3o a frio<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

A conforma\u00e7\u00e3o a frio \u00e9 um processo de conforma\u00e7\u00e3o em massa utilizado para produzir componentes de alto volume, como fixadores, por meio de deforma\u00e7\u00e3o pl\u00e1stica \u00e0 temperatura ambiente. As matrizes s\u00e3o submetidas a cargas de impacto c\u00edclicas e tens\u00f5es de compress\u00e3o de at\u00e9 aproximadamente 2413 MPa (350 ksi).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Embora classificado como um processo a frio, as temperaturas localizadas na interface matriz-pe\u00e7a podem aumentar em v\u00e1rias centenas de graus Celsius devido \u00e0 energia de deforma\u00e7\u00e3o e ao atrito. Isso afeta a dureza da superf\u00edcie e acelera o desgaste.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nessas condi\u00e7\u00f5es, a falha da matriz \u00e9 governada principalmente por desgaste abrasivo, engripamento adesivo e fissura\u00e7\u00e3o por fadiga. Em aplica\u00e7\u00f5es de alta carga, a tenacidade insuficiente leva ao lascamento das bordas ou \u00e0 fratura fr\u00e1gil repentina.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fatores de sele\u00e7\u00e3o<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

A sele\u00e7\u00e3o do a\u00e7o ferramenta para matrizes de conforma\u00e7\u00e3o a frio \u00e9 determinada pela intera\u00e7\u00e3o entre resist\u00eancia ao desgaste, tenacidade e resist\u00eancia \u00e0 compress\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c9 necess\u00e1ria uma alta dureza superficial para resistir \u00e0 abras\u00e3o, ades\u00e3o e deforma\u00e7\u00e3o pl\u00e1stica. Na maioria das aplica\u00e7\u00f5es, a dureza de trabalho varia de 56 a 62 HRC. No entanto, o aumento da dureza reduz a tenacidade, o que aumenta o risco de fissura\u00e7\u00e3o sob impacto c\u00edclico.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Consequentemente, as matrizes de conforma\u00e7\u00e3o a frio n\u00e3o s\u00e3o projetadas como componentes com dureza uniforme. Em vez disso, o desempenho depende de um gradiente de dureza: uma superf\u00edcie dura e resistente ao desgaste, suportada por um n\u00facleo mais resistente que absorve o impacto.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Este requisito \u00e9 atendido por meio de duas abordagens:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Os a\u00e7os de endurecimento superficial desenvolvem uma superf\u00edcie dura com um n\u00facleo relativamente resistente durante o tratamento t\u00e9rmico. S\u00e3o adequados para matrizes maci\u00e7as sujeitas a alto impacto.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Os a\u00e7os de alta liga e endurecimento profundo proporcionam alta dureza uniforme e, portanto, s\u00e3o usados como insertos, onde um revestimento externo mais resistente suporta a carga mec\u00e2nica.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A sele\u00e7\u00e3o, portanto, n\u00e3o se baseia apenas no material, mas tamb\u00e9m depende de a matriz ser projetada como uma ferramenta s\u00f3lida ou como um inserto.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A\u00e7os para ferramentas recomendados<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
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A\u00e7o ferramenta AISI D2 |1.2379 | SKD11<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

O D2 \u00e9 utilizado em aplica\u00e7\u00f5es onde o desgaste abrasivo \u00e9 o principal mecanismo de falha e a carga de impacto \u00e9 moderada.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Seu alto teor de carbono e cromo produz um grande volume de carbonetos duros, proporcionando forte resist\u00eancia ao desgaste, com dureza de 58\u201360 HRC. No entanto, sua tenacidade relativamente baixa o torna inadequado para matrizes s\u00f3lidas sujeitas a impactos severos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Por esse motivo, o D2 \u00e9 normalmente usado como um inserto, onde a estrutura da matriz circundante absorve a carga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Enviar consulta agora<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n
Veja os detalhes de fornecimento de materiais D2<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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S1 e S7 (A\u00e7os para ferramentas resistentes a choques)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

S1 e S7 s\u00e3o selecionados quando a fratura induzida por impacto \u00e9 o modo de falha dominante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O a\u00e7o S7 \u00e9 amplamente utilizado devido ao seu comportamento de endurecimento ao ar e \u00e0 sua tenacidade est\u00e1vel. Normalmente, \u00e9 empregado com dureza entre 56 e 58 HRC para reduzir o risco de fissura\u00e7\u00e3o por impacto. Comparado a a\u00e7os de maior dureza, oferece menor resist\u00eancia ao desgaste, mas resist\u00eancia significativamente maior \u00e0 fratura por fadiga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S1 \u00e9 prefer\u00edvel em matrizes com concentra\u00e7\u00e3o de tens\u00e3o, onde o in\u00edcio da fissura\u00e7\u00e3o deve ser controlado.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Esses a\u00e7os s\u00e3o adequados para matrizes s\u00f3lidas que operam sob condi\u00e7\u00f5es de impacto severo, onde o desgaste n\u00e3o \u00e9 o principal fator limitante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
Enviar consulta agora<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n
Veja os detalhes de fornecimento de materiais S1\/S7<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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A\u00e7o ferramenta AISI M2 | 1.3343 | SKH51<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

O M2 \u00e9 utilizado em aplica\u00e7\u00f5es de alta carga que envolvem desgaste severo, alta tens\u00e3o de contato ou materiais com endurecimento por deforma\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Oferece maior resist\u00eancia \u00e0 compress\u00e3o e ao desgaste do que o D2 e \u00e9 normalmente utilizado com dureza de 62\u201364 HRC. Ao contr\u00e1rio dos a\u00e7os convencionais para trabalho a frio, o M2 mant\u00e9m a dureza em temperaturas elevadas, o que ajuda a prevenir o amolecimento da superf\u00edcie e a deforma\u00e7\u00e3o pl\u00e1stica durante a conforma\u00e7\u00e3o em alta velocidade.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Devido ao custo, o M2 \u00e9 usado principalmente como inserto em zonas cr\u00edticas de desgaste.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
Enviar consulta agora<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n
Veja os detalhes de fornecimento de material M2.<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n

W1 e W2 (A\u00e7os para ferramentas de t\u00eampera em \u00e1gua)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Os a\u00e7os W1 e W2 s\u00e3o a\u00e7os de endurecimento superficial utilizados em pun\u00e7\u00f5es e matrizes maci\u00e7as sujeitas a cargas de alto impacto.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eles podem atingir uma dureza superficial acima de 60 HRC, mantendo um n\u00facleo mais resistente, devido \u00e0 sua temperabilidade limitada. Essa estrutura permite que a matriz absorva o impacto sem rachar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

No entanto, o resfriamento em \u00e1gua apresenta um alto risco de distor\u00e7\u00e3o e fissuras, o que limita seu uso a geometrias simples e se\u00e7\u00f5es menores.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Tabela Resumo<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
A\u00e7o ferramenta de alta qualidade<\/td>Dureza t\u00edpica<\/td>Fun\u00e7\u00e3o de Sele\u00e7\u00e3o Principal<\/td><\/tr>
W1 \/ W2<\/td>Superf\u00edcie: 60+ HRC \/ N\u00facleo: 40\u201350 HRC<\/td>Matrizes s\u00f3lidas sob alto impacto com geometria simples<\/td><\/tr>
S1 \/ S7<\/td>56\u201358 HRC<\/td>Matrizes s\u00f3lidas exigem m\u00e1xima resist\u00eancia a impactos e fadiga.<\/td><\/tr>
D2<\/td>58\u201360 HRC<\/td>Pastilhas para aplica\u00e7\u00f5es sujeitas a desgaste<\/td><\/tr>
M2<\/td>62\u201364 HRC<\/td>Pastilhas para condi\u00e7\u00f5es de alta carga, alto desgaste e amolecimento t\u00e9rmico.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Selection of Tool Steel for Cold-Heading Dies Cold heading is a bulk-forming process used to produce high-volume components, such as fasteners, by plastic deformation at room temperature. The dies are subjected to cyclic impact loading and compressive stresses up to approximately 2413 MPa (350 ksi). Although classified as a cold process, localized temperatures at the […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4760,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-9541","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nCold Heading Die Steel Selection Guide | Tool Steel Supplier Aobo Steel<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"How to select tool steel for cold-heading dies based on wear, impact, and load conditions. Practical guidance for W1, S7, D2, and M2 applications.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/pt\/selection-of-steels-for-cold-heading-dies\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_BR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Cold Heading Die Steel Selection Guide | Tool Steel Supplier Aobo Steel\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"How to select tool steel for cold-heading dies based on wear, impact, and load conditions. 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