{"id":21319,"date":"2026-10-08T12:19:51","date_gmt":"2026-10-08T04:19:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/?page_id=21319"},"modified":"2026-10-16T16:24:54","modified_gmt":"2026-10-16T08:24:54","slug":"tapping-tool-steel-by-hardness","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/pt\/tapping-tool-steel-by-hardness\/","title":{"rendered":"Rosqueamento de A\u00e7o Ferramenta por Faixa de Dureza"},"content":{"rendered":"

Rosqueamento de A\u00e7o Ferramenta por Faixa de Dureza<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

O rosqueamento \u00e9 a opera\u00e7\u00e3o que para primeiro quando uma pe\u00e7a de a\u00e7o ferramenta endurece, porque o macho combina uma aresta de corte com um corpo longo e fino que precisa suportar o torque. A pr\u00e1tica publicada para rosqueamento de a\u00e7o divide-se em tr\u00eas faixas de dureza, e cada parte do macho muda entre elas, desde o grau de a\u00e7o r\u00e1pido do macho at\u00e9 a porcentagem de rosca completa com que o furo \u00e9 preparado.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u00eas faixas de 5 a 55 HRC<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

As tr\u00eas faixas v\u00eam de uma s\u00e9rie de testes de um fabricante de machos em 11 a\u00e7os abrangendo 5 a 55 HRC, realizada para determinar o efeito da dureza no rosqueamento. As recomenda\u00e7\u00f5es resultantes s\u00e3o reproduzidas abaixo. Vale a pena l\u00ea-las como um \u00fanico sistema e n\u00e3o como seis linhas separadas, porque o projeto do macho, o material do macho, a dureza do macho, o tratamento superficial, a porcentagem de rosca e a velocidade se movem em conjunto.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vari\u00e1vel do processo<\/th>Dureza do a\u00e7o rosqueado, HRC<\/th><\/tr>
5-30<\/th>30-40<\/th>40-55<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Projeto do macho<\/strong><\/td>Padr\u00e3o<\/td>Padr\u00e3o modificado, ou especial(a)<\/td>Especial(a)<\/td><\/tr>
Material do macho(b)<\/strong><\/td>T1, M1, M7, M10<\/td>M2, M3<\/td>T15, M3, M33, M42<\/td><\/tr>
Dureza do macho, m\u00ednima<\/strong><\/td>62 HRC<\/td>64 HRC<\/td>66 HRC<\/td><\/tr>
Tratamento superficial do macho<\/strong><\/td>\u00d3xido a vapor(c)<\/td>Nitreto mais \u00f3xido a vapor<\/td>Nitreto mais \u00f3xido a vapor<\/td><\/tr>
Porcentagem de rosca completa<\/strong><\/td>75%<\/td>60%<\/td>55%<\/td><\/tr>
Velocidade, m\/min (sfm)<\/strong><\/td>30 m\u00e1x (100 m\u00e1x)<\/td>6-14 (20-45)<\/td>0.15-3.0 (0.5-10)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Pr\u00e1tica recomendada para rosqueamento de a\u00e7os em tr\u00eas faixas de dureza, reproduzida da Tabela 2 de Tapping, no ASM Handbook, Volume 16, Machining. (a) Um macho especial deve ter quatro canais, um \u00e2ngulo de corte positivo de 3 graus, al\u00edvio de rosca e um chanfro de 3 a 4 filetes. (b) A\u00e7os r\u00e1pidos com teor total de liga semelhante aos a\u00e7os listados podem ser substitu\u00eddos. (c) Ou outro processo de oxida\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

O que cada faixa altera<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

At\u00e9 30 HRC, um macho padr\u00e3o de a\u00e7o r\u00e1pido de uso geral \u00e9 a escolha mais econ\u00f4mica. Os a\u00e7os do grupo T1, M1, M7 e M10 s\u00e3o indicados para isso, com dureza m\u00ednima do macho de 62 HRC e superf\u00edcie de \u00f3xido a vapor, com 75 por cento de rosca completa preparada no furo e velocidade de at\u00e9 30 m\/min (100 sfm).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

De 30 a 40 HRC, o macho torna-se um padr\u00e3o modificado ou um especial, e o material do macho sobe para M2 e M3 com dureza m\u00ednima de 64 HRC. O tratamento superficial muda para nitreto mais \u00f3xido a vapor, a prepara\u00e7\u00e3o da rosca cai para 60 por cento de rosca completa, e a velocidade cai para 6 a 14 m\/min (20 a 45 sfm).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

De 40 a 55 HRC, cada item est\u00e1 em sua condi\u00e7\u00e3o mais severa. O macho tem de ser um especial, com quatro canais, um \u00e2ngulo de corte positivo de 3 graus, al\u00edvio de rosca e um chanfro de 3 a 4 filetes. O material do macho passa para os graus altamente ligados T15, M3, M33 e M42 com dureza m\u00ednima de 66 HRC, a superf\u00edcie \u00e9 novamente nitreto mais \u00f3xido a vapor, e apenas 55 por cento de rosca completa \u00e9 preparada. A velocidade cai para 0,15 a 3,0 m\/min (0,5 a 10 sfm), portanto um macho nessa faixa opera lentamente de prop\u00f3sito e um operador que o trate como um macho para a\u00e7o macio ir\u00e1 quebr\u00e1-lo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um ponto percorre toda a tabela. \u00c0 medida que a dureza da pe\u00e7a aumenta, pede-se ao macho que remova menos material. A porcentagem de rosca cai de 75 para 55 por cento, o que reduz o torque sobre o macho e d\u00e1 aos graus mais duros uma chance de sobreviver.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Velocidades nominais de rosqueamento para a\u00e7o carbono e baixa liga<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

A tabela abaixo \u00e9 a lista mais ampla de velocidades para machos de a\u00e7o r\u00e1pido em a\u00e7os carbono e baixa liga, e mostra a mesma queda de velocidade com a dureza em uma s\u00e9rie de graus comuns. \u00c9 uma refer\u00eancia \u00fatil para a extremidade mais macia do trabalho com a\u00e7o ferramenta, que rosqueia mais pr\u00f3ximo do a\u00e7o m\u00e9dio carbono do que da faixa endurecida acima.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A\u00e7o t\u00edpico<\/th>Condi\u00e7\u00e3o<\/th>Dureza, HB<\/th>Velocidade, m\/min (sfm)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
1020<\/td>Recozido<\/td>85-125<\/td>17 (55)<\/td><\/tr>
1020<\/td>Recozido<\/td>125-175<\/td>14 (45)<\/td><\/tr>
1020<\/td>Recozido<\/td>175-225<\/td>12 (40)<\/td><\/tr>
1020<\/td>Recozido<\/td>225-275<\/td>9 (30)<\/td><\/tr>
1045<\/td>Recozido<\/td>125-175<\/td>14 (45)<\/td><\/tr>
1045<\/td>Recozido<\/td>175-225<\/td>12 (40)<\/td><\/tr>
1045<\/td>Recozido<\/td>225-275<\/td>11 (35)<\/td><\/tr>
1045<\/td>Recozido<\/td>275-325<\/td>8 (25)<\/td><\/tr>
1045<\/td>Temperado e revenido<\/td>325-375<\/td>6 (20)<\/td><\/tr>
1045<\/td>Temperado e revenido<\/td>375-425<\/td>3 (10)<\/td><\/tr>
1112<\/td>Recozido<\/td>100-150<\/td>18 (60)<\/td><\/tr>
1112<\/td>Trefilado a frio<\/td>150-200<\/td>20 (65)<\/td><\/tr>
1117<\/td>Recozido<\/td>100-150<\/td>15 (50)<\/td><\/tr>
1117<\/td>Trefilado a frio<\/td>150-200<\/td>17 (55)<\/td><\/tr>
1137<\/td>Recozido<\/td>175-225<\/td>15 (50)<\/td><\/tr>
1137<\/td>Temperado e revenido<\/td>275-325<\/td>11 (35)<\/td><\/tr>
1137<\/td>Temperado e revenido<\/td>325-375<\/td>6 (20)<\/td><\/tr>
1137<\/td>Temperado e revenido<\/td>375-425<\/td>3 (10)<\/td><\/tr>
12L14<\/td>Recozido<\/td>100-150<\/td>18 (60)<\/td><\/tr>
12L14<\/td>Recozido<\/td>150-200<\/td>17 (55)<\/td><\/tr>
12L14<\/td>Recozido<\/td>200-250<\/td>14 (45)<\/td><\/tr>
4140<\/td>Recozido<\/td>175-225<\/td>11 (35)<\/td><\/tr>
4140<\/td>Temperado e revenido<\/td>275-325<\/td>8 (25)<\/td><\/tr>
4140<\/td>Temperado e revenido<\/td>325-375<\/td>5 (15)<\/td><\/tr>
4140<\/td>Temperado e revenido<\/td>375-425<\/td>3 (10)<\/td><\/tr>
4140 + S<\/td>Temperado e revenido<\/td>45-48 HRC<\/td>2 (7)<\/td><\/tr>
41L40<\/td>Recozido<\/td>150-200<\/td>14 (45)<\/td><\/tr>
41L40<\/td>Temperado e revenido<\/td>275-325<\/td>6 (20)<\/td><\/tr>
41L40<\/td>Temperado e revenido<\/td>325-375<\/td>5 (15)<\/td><\/tr>
41L40<\/td>Temperado e revenido<\/td>45-48 HRC<\/td>2 (7)<\/td><\/tr>
8620<\/td>Recozido<\/td>125-175<\/td>14 (45)<\/td><\/tr>
8620<\/td>Recozido<\/td>175-225<\/td>12 (40)<\/td><\/tr>
8620<\/td>Trefilado a frio<\/td>225-275<\/td>11 (35)<\/td><\/tr>
8620<\/td>Trefilado a frio<\/td>275-325<\/td>8 (25)<\/td><\/tr>
8620<\/td>Temperado e revenido<\/td>325-375<\/td>6 (20)<\/td><\/tr>
8620<\/td>Temperado e revenido<\/td>375-425<\/td>3 (10)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Velocidades nominais para rosqueamento de a\u00e7os carbono e baixa liga com machos de a\u00e7o r\u00e1pido, reproduzidas da Tabela 3 de Tapping, no ASM Handbook, Volume 16, Machining. Cada a\u00e7o listado representa um grupo de a\u00e7os semelhantes. Para a\u00e7o at\u00e9 375 HB, a fonte fornece machos M1, M7 e M10, e para a\u00e7o de 375 HB e superior fornece M3 e M40. As linhas de 45 a 48 HRC s\u00e3o a extremidade endurecida da tabela e mostram qu\u00e3o acentuadamente a velocidade cai.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

Rosqueamento de a\u00e7o ferramenta endurecido, PDF para impress\u00e3o<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

As tr\u00eas faixas de dureza com seu projeto de macho, material do macho, dureza, tratamento superficial, porcentagem de rosca e velocidade, mais as velocidades nominais de rosqueamento para a\u00e7os carbono e baixa liga, em um PDF com nossos dados de contato.<\/p>\n\n

\n
Baixar PDF<\/a><\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Graus e estoque<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Os a\u00e7os r\u00e1pidos citados na faixa mais alta s\u00e3o os graus altamente ligados que mant\u00eam sua dureza na aresta de corte, e a fam\u00edlia M42 est\u00e1 apresentada em a p\u00e1gina do a\u00e7o ferramenta M35<\/a> juntamente com os graus de cobalto relacionados. A fam\u00edlia mais ampla de a\u00e7os ferramenta r\u00e1pidos est\u00e1 em a p\u00e1gina de a\u00e7os r\u00e1pidos<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O tratamento de \u00f3xido a vapor mencionado nas duas primeiras faixas est\u00e1 coberto com seu efeito na vida \u00fatil da ferramenta em a p\u00e1gina de melhoria da vida \u00fatil da ferramenta com tratamento a vapor<\/a>. Onde o tratamento superficial \u00e9 a nitreta\u00e7\u00e3o, o processo e a camada que ele deixa est\u00e3o em o guia de nitreta\u00e7\u00e3o de a\u00e7o ferramenta<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O furo \u00e9 preparado antes da entrada do macho, e o di\u00e2metro da broca que deixa a quantidade correta de material para uma determinada rosca est\u00e1 em a tabela de di\u00e2metros de broca para macho<\/a>. As condi\u00e7\u00f5es mais amplas de fura\u00e7\u00e3o para a\u00e7o ferramenta, mole e endurecido, est\u00e3o em a p\u00e1gina de fura\u00e7\u00e3o de a\u00e7o ferramenta endurecido<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

Rosqueamento de a\u00e7o ferramenta endurecido, PDF para impress\u00e3o<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

As tr\u00eas faixas de dureza com seu projeto de macho, material do macho, dureza, tratamento superficial, porcentagem de rosca e velocidade, mais as velocidades nominais de rosqueamento para a\u00e7os carbono e baixa liga, em um PDF com nossos dados de contato.<\/p>\n\n

\n
Baixar PDF<\/a><\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Antes de usar esses valores<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Esta p\u00e1gina \u00e9 um resumo de refer\u00eancia de pr\u00e1ticas publicadas e n\u00e3o \u00e9 uma especifica\u00e7\u00e3o da Aobo Steel. As recomenda\u00e7\u00f5es s\u00e3o reproduzidas da tabela de origem, e a geometria do macho, a profundidade do furo, a lubrifica\u00e7\u00e3o e o controle da m\u00e1quina ir\u00e3o alter\u00e1-las. As condi\u00e7\u00f5es finais s\u00e3o definidas no trabalho.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fonte: ASM Handbook, Volume 16, Machining, ASM International, 1989.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tapping Tool Steel by Hardness Range Tapping is the operation that stops first when a tool steel part gets hard, because a tap combines a cutting edge with a long, thin body that has to carry the torque. The published practice for tapping steel splits into three hardness ranges, and every part of the tap 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