{"id":21315,"date":"2026-10-08T12:18:04","date_gmt":"2026-10-08T04:18:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/?page_id=21315"},"modified":"2026-10-16T16:21:59","modified_gmt":"2026-10-16T08:21:59","slug":"drilling-hardened-tool-steel","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/pt\/drilling-hardened-tool-steel\/","title":{"rendered":"Perfura\u00e7\u00e3o de A\u00e7o Ferramenta Endurecido"},"content":{"rendered":"

Perfura\u00e7\u00e3o de A\u00e7o Ferramenta Endurecido<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

Um furo \u00e9 a caracter\u00edstica mais barata de se fazer em uma pe\u00e7a de a\u00e7o ferramenta enquanto o a\u00e7o ainda est\u00e1 mole, e a mais cara de se fazer ap\u00f3s a t\u00eampera. Quando uma matriz ou inserto endurecido precisa ser perfurado, o material da ferramenta e a velocidade de corte mudam com a dureza, e a pr\u00e1tica publicada para a\u00e7os para matrizes apresenta uma transi\u00e7\u00e3o clara em 50 HRC. Esta p\u00e1gina apresenta os par\u00e2metros de broca para a\u00e7o ferramenta tanto no estado mole quanto no endurecido.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perfure no estado mole sempre que o trabalho permitir<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

A perfura\u00e7\u00e3o normalmente \u00e9 feita antes da t\u00eampera. Os par\u00e2metros publicados para o a\u00e7o ferramenta como pe\u00e7a situam-se em dois n\u00edveis de dureza, 196 HB e 241 HB, e esta \u00e9 uma fronteira importante. Um a\u00e7o ferramenta t\u00edpico a 241 HB tem cerca de 24 HRC, portanto a tabela geral de brocas helicoidais cobre apenas a faixa mole e levemente endurecida, e um a\u00e7o para matrizes a 50 HRC ou acima est\u00e1 fora dela. Al\u00e9m desse ponto, a escolha passa para a\u00e7o r\u00e1pido ao cobalto, metal duro maci\u00e7o, ou um processo diferente da perfura\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Material perfurado<\/th>Dureza, HB<\/th>Dureza, HR<\/th>Material da ferramenta de corte<\/th>Velocidade perif\u00e9rica, m\/min (sfm)<\/th>C\u00f3digo de avan\u00e7o<\/th>\u00c2ngulo de h\u00e9lice, graus<\/th>\u00c2ngulo de ponta, graus<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
A\u00e7o ferramenta<\/td>196<\/td>94 HRB<\/td>HSS<\/td>18 (60)<\/td>Y<\/td>25-35<\/td>118<\/td><\/tr>
A\u00e7o ferramenta<\/td>241<\/td>24 HRC<\/td>HSS<\/td>15 (50)<\/td>Y<\/td>25-35<\/td>118<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Par\u00e2metros operacionais recomendados para produzir furos em a\u00e7o ferramenta com brocas helicoidais, reproduzidos da Tabela 6(a) de Drilling, no ASM Handbook, Volume 16, Machining. As duas linhas s\u00e3o os dois n\u00edveis de dureza nos quais o a\u00e7o ferramenta \u00e9 listado na fonte. HSS \u00e9 a\u00e7o r\u00e1pido. O avan\u00e7o \u00e9 dado pelo c\u00f3digo na tabela seguinte, e 118 graus \u00e9 o \u00e2ngulo de ponta inclu\u00eddo.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f3digo de avan\u00e7o<\/th>Avan\u00e7o, mm\/rev (in.\/rev), para um di\u00e2metro de broca de:<\/th><\/tr>
3,2 mm (1\/8 in.)<\/th>6,4 mm (1\/4 in.)<\/th>12,7 mm (1\/2 in.)<\/th>19,1 mm (3\/4 in.)<\/th>25,4 mm (1 in.)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Y<\/td>0.08 (0.003)<\/td>0.13 (0.005)<\/td>0.20 (0.008)<\/td>0.267 (0.0105)<\/td>0.317 (0.0125)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Avan\u00e7o para as linhas de a\u00e7o ferramenta, reproduzido da Tabela 6(b) de Drilling, no ASM Handbook, Volume 16, Machining. O avan\u00e7o \u00e9 dado por rota\u00e7\u00e3o para uma broca de dois canais e aumenta com o di\u00e2metro. Onde a rigidez \u00e9 baixa ou o fluido de corte \u00e9 restrito, a fonte recomenda velocidades e avan\u00e7os menores do que estes.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A transi\u00e7\u00e3o de dureza em 50 HRC no a\u00e7o para matrizes H11<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

O exemplo publicado mais claro \u00e9 no a\u00e7o para matrizes a quente H11. Para H11 a 50 HRC ou menos, brocas de a\u00e7o r\u00e1pido M33, M34 e M36 de constru\u00e7\u00e3o para servi\u00e7o pesado d\u00e3o bons resultados. S\u00e3o operadas em equipamento de acionamento positivo com velocidades de broca de 7,6 a 9,1 m\/min (25 a 30 sfm) e avan\u00e7os de 0,013 a 0,018 mm\/rev (0,0005 a 0,0007 in.\/rev).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Material mais duro que 50 HRC exigiu brocas de metal duro maci\u00e7o com canais curtos no mesmo trabalho. Velocidades de 12 a 15 m\/min (40 a 50 sfm) e avan\u00e7os de 0,013 a 0,025 mm\/rev (0,0005 a 0,001 in.\/rev) produziram resultados satisfat\u00f3rios. O projeto da broca tamb\u00e9m muda em um di\u00e2metro de cerca de 6,4 mm (1\/4 in.). Brocas helicoidais com dois canais s\u00e3o usadas para furos abaixo desse tamanho, e brocas de canais retos para furos nesse tamanho e acima.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Escolha de uma classe de metal duro para uma chapa de 54 HRC<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

A classe de metal duro importa tanto quanto a velocidade nessa dureza. Tr\u00eas classes foram testadas juntas em chapa de a\u00e7o H11 contendo 5 por cento de cromo e 1,5 por cento de molibd\u00eanio, tratada termicamente a 54 HRC. Duas chapas de 2,10 mm (0,083 in.) de espessura foram perfuradas ao mesmo tempo com brocas de ponta de metal duro de 6,35 mm (0,250 in.) de di\u00e2metro, sem fluido de corte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A classe mais mole com 6 por cento de cobalto falhou por abras\u00e3o, queima excessiva e lascamento, e acabou quebrando. A classe mais dura, que continha apenas 3 por cento de cobalto, era fr\u00e1gil demais e falhou por lascamento e quebra excessivos durante a perfura\u00e7\u00e3o, e tamb\u00e9m lascou e quebrou no manuseio. A classe que funcionou foi a mais dura das duas classes com 6 por cento de cobalto, que apresentou apenas desgaste leve ap\u00f3s o teste e foi levada para produ\u00e7\u00e3o. Sua dureza veio de um tamanho de gr\u00e3o mais fino, que reduziu o tamanho das po\u00e7as de cobalto mais mole entre os gr\u00e3os.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Grau<\/th>Composi\u00e7\u00e3o, %<\/th>Dureza, HRA<\/th>Tamanho de gr\u00e3o, μm (μin.)<\/th><\/tr>
W<\/th>Ta<\/th>C<\/th>Co<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
C-1<\/td>88.25<\/td>. . .<\/td>5.75<\/td>6.0<\/td>91.2<\/td>3 (120)<\/td><\/tr>
C-2<\/td>88.25<\/td>. . .<\/td>5.75<\/td>6.0<\/td>91.8<\/td>1-2 (40-80)<\/td><\/tr>
C-3<\/td>87.00<\/td>4.0<\/td>6.00<\/td>3.0<\/td>92.2<\/td>1-3 (40-120)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Composi\u00e7\u00e3o, dureza e tamanho de gr\u00e3o das tr\u00eas classes de metal duro testadas na perfura\u00e7\u00e3o de chapa de a\u00e7o H11 a 54 HRC, reproduzidos do exemplo de perfura\u00e7\u00e3o em Drilling, no ASM Handbook, Volume 16, Machining. C-1 e C-2 cont\u00eam os mesmos 6 por cento de cobalto e os mesmos teores de tungst\u00eanio e carbono, e C-2 \u00e9 a mais dura das duas porque seu tamanho de gr\u00e3o mais fino deixa po\u00e7as de cobalto menores entre os gr\u00e3os.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A li\u00e7\u00e3o se aplica a toda a faixa. Em alta dureza, o maior teor de ligante n\u00e3o \u00e9 a resposta, e a melhor classe geralmente \u00e9 a de gr\u00e3o mais fino dentro de um dado teor de cobalto, e n\u00e3o a com menos cobalto ou o maior n\u00famero de dureza.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Brocas de a\u00e7o r\u00e1pido nitretadas<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Para a faixa levemente endurecida, um tratamento superficial pode levar uma broca comum de a\u00e7o r\u00e1pido mais longe do que uma mudan\u00e7a de classe. Furos cegos de 6,91 mm (0,272 in.) de di\u00e2metro e 15,75 mm (0,620 in.) de profundidade foram perfurados em a\u00e7o 4335 temperado a 48 a 50 HRC. Como retificadas, as brocas davam de um a quatro furos por afia\u00e7\u00e3o com uma taxa de quebra de uma broca a cada 16 a 20 furos. Ap\u00f3s a nitreta\u00e7\u00e3o, as mesmas brocas davam de 18 a 20 furos por afia\u00e7\u00e3o e a quebra caiu para uma broca a cada 50 a 60 furos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As brocas eram brocas padr\u00e3o para servi\u00e7o pesado retificadas de a\u00e7o r\u00e1pido maci\u00e7o tratado termicamente, cada uma com ponta dividida em um \u00e2ngulo de sa\u00edda axial positivo de 3 a 4 graus na por\u00e7\u00e3o dividida, um \u00e2ngulo de ponta inclu\u00eddo de 135 graus, um \u00e2ngulo de folga de aresta de 5 a 7 graus, e retificadas planas em 0,8 mm (1\/32 in.). A perfura\u00e7\u00e3o operou a 147 rev\/min, uma velocidade superficial de 3,20 m\/min (10,5 sfm), e um avan\u00e7o de 0,05 mm\/rev (0,002 in.\/rev).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

Perfura\u00e7\u00e3o de a\u00e7o ferramenta endurecido, PDF para impress\u00e3o<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Os par\u00e2metros de broca helicoidal para a\u00e7o ferramenta, o passo de dureza no H11, a sele\u00e7\u00e3o de classe de metal duro e os dados de broca nitretada, em um PDF com nossos dados de contato.<\/p>\n\n

\n
Baixar PDF<\/a><\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Graus e estoque<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

H11 \u00e9 a classe na qual os exemplos de perfura\u00e7\u00e3o endurecida s\u00e3o definidos, e sua composi\u00e7\u00e3o e dureza de trabalho est\u00e3o em a p\u00e1gina do a\u00e7o para ferramentas H11<\/a>. A classe de trabalho a quente ao cromo usada na maioria dos trabalhos de matrizes e moldes \u00e9 abordada em a p\u00e1gina de usinabilidade do a\u00e7o ferramenta H13<\/a>, que separa o caso recozido do endurecido.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A perfura\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 um corte em uma sequ\u00eancia mais longa, e as velocidades de torneamento, fresamento e alargamento para as mesmas classes est\u00e3o reunidas em a p\u00e1gina de velocidades e avan\u00e7os de corte de a\u00e7o ferramenta<\/a>. A tabela de brocas mais ampla, em rota\u00e7\u00f5es por minuto e avan\u00e7o por rota\u00e7\u00e3o por di\u00e2metro, est\u00e1 em a tabela de velocidades e avan\u00e7os de brocas de a\u00e7o r\u00e1pido<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A nitreta\u00e7\u00e3o da broca \u00e9 o mesmo tratamento superficial usado em ferramental, e o processo e a camada que ele deixa est\u00e3o descritos em o guia de nitreta\u00e7\u00e3o de a\u00e7o ferramenta<\/a>. Em um furo acabado por EDM em vez de broca, a camada branca deixada na parede \u00e9 descrita em a p\u00e1gina de camada branca de a\u00e7o ferramenta em EDM<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

Perfura\u00e7\u00e3o de a\u00e7o ferramenta endurecido, PDF para impress\u00e3o<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Os par\u00e2metros de broca helicoidal para a\u00e7o ferramenta, o passo de dureza no H11, a sele\u00e7\u00e3o de classe de metal duro e os dados de broca nitretada, em um PDF com nossos dados de contato.<\/p>\n\n

\n
Baixar PDF<\/a><\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Antes de usar esses valores<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Esta p\u00e1gina \u00e9 um resumo de refer\u00eancia de pr\u00e1tica publicada e n\u00e3o \u00e9 uma especifica\u00e7\u00e3o da Aobo Steel. As velocidades s\u00e3o reproduzidas das tabelas de origem, e o projeto da broca, a rigidez da m\u00e1quina, a profundidade do furo e o fornecimento de fluido de corte ir\u00e3o alter\u00e1-las. As condi\u00e7\u00f5es finais s\u00e3o testadas no trabalho.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fonte: ASM Handbook, Volume 16, Machining, ASM International, 1989.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Drilling Hardened Tool Steel A hole is the cheapest feature to put in a tool steel part while the steel is still soft, and the most expensive one to put in after hardening. Where a hardened die or insert has to be drilled, the tool material and the cutting speed change with hardness, and the […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"normal-width-container","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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Hardened Tool Steel A hole is the cheapest feature to put in a tool steel part while the steel is still soft, and the most expensive one to put in after hardening. 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