{"id":21033,"date":"2026-10-06T20:23:46","date_gmt":"2026-10-06T12:23:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/?page_id=21033"},"modified":"2026-10-16T16:16:15","modified_gmt":"2026-10-16T08:16:15","slug":"ion-implantation-tool-steel","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/pt\/ion-implantation-tool-steel\/","title":{"rendered":"Implanta\u00e7\u00e3o I\u00f4nica para Matrizes e Ferramentas de Corte em A\u00e7o Ferramenta"},"content":{"rendered":"

Implanta\u00e7\u00e3o I\u00f4nica para Matrizes e Ferramentas de Corte em A\u00e7o Ferramenta<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

A implanta\u00e7\u00e3o i\u00f4nica introduz nitrog\u00eanio na camada mais externa de uma ferramenta acabada sem aplicar um revestimento sobre ela. \u00cdons carregados s\u00e3o acelerados com alta energia para dentro do a\u00e7o sob alto v\u00e1cuo e param de 0,25 a 25 nm (2,5 a 250 Å) abaixo da superf\u00edcie, de modo que o tratamento altera a composi\u00e7\u00e3o da pr\u00f3pria superf\u00edcie. Nada \u00e9 adicionado sobre a ferramenta, o que significa que n\u00e3o h\u00e1 revestimento para lascar nem ac\u00famulo de borda a contornar. A tabela nesta p\u00e1gina \u00e9 a varia\u00e7\u00e3o de vida medida para ferramentas, matrizes, moldes e rolos implantados, pe\u00e7a por pe\u00e7a e energia por energia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O que o processo faz com o a\u00e7o<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Um feixe de \u00edons carregados do elemento escolhido \u00e9 formado e acelerado em dire\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 superf\u00edcie da ferramenta, que \u00e9 mantida sob alto v\u00e1cuo. Os \u00edons penetram no s\u00f3lido e param dentro dos primeiros nan\u00f4metros. A fonte \u00e9 expl\u00edcita que este n\u00e3o \u00e9 um processo de revestimento. N\u00e3o h\u00e1 camada discreta sobre o a\u00e7o, apenas uma altera\u00e7\u00e3o da composi\u00e7\u00e3o qu\u00edmica pr\u00f3xima \u00e0 superf\u00edcie, raz\u00e3o pela qual o tratamento n\u00e3o altera as dimens\u00f5es da ferramenta e n\u00e3o cria uma interface que possa falhar. O elemento mais frequentemente implantado em a\u00e7o ferramenta \u00e9 o nitrog\u00eanio, e a propriedade que ele melhora \u00e9 o desgaste adesivo e por deslizamento. Tit\u00e2nio e carbono tamb\u00e9m foram implantados em ferramentas de estampagem e corte, e ambos melhoraram a vida \u00fatil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Resultados de vida \u00fatil para ferramentas implantadas<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

A Tabela 6 re\u00fane os resultados da fonte em usinagem, roscamento, corte, conforma\u00e7\u00e3o, moldagem e lamina\u00e7\u00e3o. O maior multiplicador da tabela pertence a um macho. Um macho de HSS cortando a\u00e7o 4140 ganhou 10 vezes a vida do macho n\u00e3o tratado quando o nitrog\u00eanio foi implantado a 50 keV, e o mesmo a\u00e7o de macho ganhou 3 vezes a 80 keV na mesma pe\u00e7a. Matrizes e moldes ficam no meio da faixa, com uma matriz de conforma\u00e7\u00e3o em D2 sobre a\u00e7o inoxid\u00e1vel 321 com 2 vezes a vida, uma matriz de D6 conformando di\u00f3xido de tit\u00e2nio e borracha com 6 vezes, e um molde de D2 moldando pol\u00edmeros com 5 vezes. Um rolo de H13 em servi\u00e7o de lamina\u00e7\u00e3o ganhou 5 vezes sua vida original.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pe\u00e7a<\/th>Material da pe\u00e7a<\/th>Processo<\/th>Material da pe\u00e7a<\/th>\u00cdon<\/th>Energia, keV<\/th>Benef\u00edcio<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Insertos de ferramenta<\/td>A\u00e7o ferramenta com revestimento de TiN<\/td>Machining<\/td>4140<\/td>N<\/td>80<\/td>3× a vida<\/td><\/tr>
Machos de roscar<\/td>HSS<\/td>Roscamento<\/td>4140<\/td>N<\/td>80<\/td>3× a vida<\/td><\/tr>
HSS<\/td>Roscamento<\/td>4130<\/td>N<\/td>80<\/td>5× a vida<\/td><\/tr>
HSS<\/td>Roscamento<\/td>4140<\/td>N<\/td>50<\/td>10× a vida<\/td><\/tr>
M35<\/td>Roscamento<\/td>. . .<\/td>N2<\/sub><\/td>200<\/td>4× a vida<\/td><\/tr>
M7<\/td>Roscamento<\/td>. . .<\/td>N<\/td>100<\/td>2× a vida<\/td><\/tr>
L\u00e2mina de corte<\/td>M2<\/td>Corte<\/td>1050<\/td>N<\/td>100<\/td>2× a vida<\/td><\/tr>
M2<\/td>Corte<\/td>SAE 950<\/td>N<\/td>100<\/td>4× a vida<\/td><\/tr>
Morre<\/td>D2<\/td>Formando<\/td>321 SS<\/td>N<\/td>80<\/td>2× a vida<\/td><\/tr>
M2<\/td>Formando<\/td>A\u00e7o<\/td>N<\/td>100<\/td>2-12× a vida<\/td><\/tr>
M2<\/td>Formando<\/td>1020<\/td>N<\/td>100<\/td>Efeito desprez\u00edvel<\/td><\/tr>
D6<\/td>Formando<\/td>TiO2<\/sub> e borracha<\/td>N<\/td>100<\/td>6× a vida<\/td><\/tr>
Moldes<\/td>D2<\/td>Formando<\/td>Pol\u00edmeros<\/td>N<\/td>50<\/td>5× a vida<\/td><\/tr>
Rolos<\/td>H13<\/td>Lamina\u00e7\u00e3o<\/td>A\u00e7o<\/td>N<\/td>100<\/td>5× a vida<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fonte, Tabela 6 de Surface Engineering of Specialty Steels, no ASM Handbook Volume 5, Surface Engineering.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A linha sem ganho<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Uma linha da Tabela 6 relata um efeito desprez\u00edvel, uma matriz de M2 conformando a\u00e7o 1020 a 100 keV. O contraste dentro da mesma tabela \u00e9 \u00fatil. O mesmo a\u00e7o de matriz M2 conformando uma pe\u00e7a diferente na mesma energia, e em um caso com uma varia\u00e7\u00e3o de 2 a 12 vezes a vida, mostra que o resultado acompanha o mecanismo de desgaste na superf\u00edcie da ferramenta e n\u00e3o apenas o a\u00e7o ferramenta. A implanta\u00e7\u00e3o visa o desgaste adesivo e por deslizamento. Uma matriz que falha por lascamento, trinca ou fadiga t\u00e9rmica est\u00e1 falhando por um motivo diferente, e uma camada superficial implantada n\u00e3o responde a essa falha.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O que os n\u00fameros pressup\u00f5em<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Cada linha vem de um laborat\u00f3rio ou oficina de produ\u00e7\u00e3o diferente, com sua pr\u00f3pria geometria de ferramenta, acabamento superficial, m\u00e1quina e dados de corte, portanto os multiplicadores n\u00e3o s\u00e3o aditivos e n\u00e3o s\u00e3o um ranking de a\u00e7os ferramenta entre si. Dois pontos pr\u00e1ticos decorrem do mecanismo. O processo \u00e9 uma opera\u00e7\u00e3o a v\u00e1cuo em linha de visada, ent\u00e3o as faces que desgastam s\u00e3o as faces que precisam ser apresentadas ao feixe de \u00edons. O efeito tamb\u00e9m reside nos nan\u00f4metros mais externos, ent\u00e3o retificar ou polir ap\u00f3s o tratamento remove a camada implantada junto com o metal. Isso coloca o tratamento no final da rota da ferramenta, sobre a geometria acabada.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fonte: ASM Handbook, Volume 5, Surface Engineering, ASM International, 1994.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ion Implantation for Tool Steel Dies and Cutting Tools Ion implantation puts nitrogen into the outermost layer of a finished tool without putting a coating on it. Charged ions are accelerated at high energy into the steel under high vacuum and come to rest 0.25 to 25 nm (2.5 to 250 Å) below the surface, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"normal-width-container","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-21033","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nIon Implantation for Tool Steel Dies and Cutting Tools, Life Data<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Nitrogen implanted into finished tools and dies. 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Charged ions are accelerated at high energy into the steel under high vacuum and come to rest 0.25 to 25 nm (2.5 to 250 Å) below the surface,…","rttpg_featured_image_url":null,"rttpg_author":{"display_name":"Evan","author_link":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/pt\/blog\/author\/admin\/"},"rttpg_comment":0,"rttpg_category":null,"rttpg_excerpt":"Ion Implantation for Tool Steel Dies and Cutting Tools Ion implantation puts nitrogen into the outermost layer of a finished tool without putting a coating on it. 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