{"id":20826,"date":"2026-10-03T16:45:04","date_gmt":"2026-10-03T08:45:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/?page_id=20826"},"modified":"2026-10-16T16:07:21","modified_gmt":"2026-10-16T08:07:21","slug":"l-series-s-series-tool-steel-properties","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/pt\/l-series-s-series-tool-steel-properties\/","title":{"rendered":"Propriedades dos A\u00e7os Ferramenta das S\u00e9ries L e S, Recozidos e Temperados"},"content":{"rendered":"

Propriedades dos A\u00e7os Ferramenta das S\u00e9ries L e S, Recozidos e Temperados<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

As s\u00e9ries L e S s\u00e3o os dois grupos de a\u00e7os ferramenta comprados por resist\u00eancia e resist\u00eancia ao choque, e n\u00e3o por resist\u00eancia ao desgaste ou dureza a quente. L \u00e9 o grupo de baixa liga para fins especiais, e S \u00e9 o grupo resistente ao choque, e ambos s\u00e3o usados para pe\u00e7as que recebem impacto em vez de atrito: cinz\u00e9is, pun\u00e7\u00f5es, conjuntos de rebites, l\u00e2minas de cisalhamento, mandris, cames, castanhas e pin\u00e7as. Esta p\u00e1gina apresenta as propriedades mec\u00e2nicas publicadas para os graus ainda em uso comercial, na condi\u00e7\u00e3o recozida e em cada temperatura de revenimento, para que a resist\u00eancia e a tenacidade na dureza que o trabalho exige possam ser lidas em conjunto.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Grupo L, os a\u00e7os de baixa liga para fins especiais<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Os a\u00e7os do grupo L cont\u00eam pequenas quantidades de cromo, van\u00e1dio, n\u00edquel e molibd\u00eanio, e o grupo j\u00e1 teve sete graus. Apenas dois permanecem, L2 e L6<\/a>. O L2 est\u00e1 dispon\u00edvel em v\u00e1rios teores de carbono de 0,50 a 1,10 por cento e seu cromo e van\u00e1dio o tornam um a\u00e7o temper\u00e1vel a \u00f3leo de tamanho de gr\u00e3o fino. O L6 adiciona cerca de 1,50 por cento de n\u00edquel para tenacidade. Ambos s\u00e3o temper\u00e1veis a \u00f3leo em nome, e na pr\u00e1tica uma se\u00e7\u00e3o grande de L2 \u00e9 frequentemente temperada em \u00e1gua. A faixa de temperabilidade dentro do grupo \u00e9 ampla e \u00e9 um efeito do carbono tanto quanto da liga: um L2 com 0,50 por cento de carbono atinge cerca de 57 HRC quando temperado a \u00f3leo, mas n\u00e3o endurece totalmente em se\u00e7\u00f5es acima de cerca de 12,7 mm, enquanto o L6 com 0,70 por cento de carbono atinge cerca de 64 HRC quando temperado e mant\u00e9m mais de 60 HRC at\u00e9 76 mm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tabela 7. L2, propriedades mec\u00e2nicas nominais \u00e0 temperatura ambiente<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Condi\u00e7\u00e3o<\/th>Tra\u00e7\u00e3o, MPa<\/th>Tra\u00e7\u00e3o, ksi<\/th>Escoamento 0,2%, MPa<\/th>Escoamento 0,2%, ksi<\/th>Alongamento, %<\/th>Redu\u00e7\u00e3o de \u00e1rea, %<\/th>Dureza<\/th>Impacto, J<\/th>Impacto, ft·lbf<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Temperado a \u00f3leo de 855 °C (1575 °F) e revenido \u00fanico a:<\/td><\/tr>
Recozido<\/td>710<\/td>103<\/td>510<\/td>74<\/td>25<\/td>50<\/td>96 HRB<\/td>—<\/td>—<\/td><\/tr>
205 °C (400 °F)<\/td>2000<\/td>290<\/td>1790<\/td>260<\/td>5<\/td>15<\/td>54<\/td>28<\/td>21<\/td><\/tr>
315 °C (600 °F)<\/td>1790<\/td>260<\/td>1655<\/td>240<\/td>10<\/td>30<\/td>52<\/td>19<\/td>14<\/td><\/tr>
425 °C (800 °F)<\/td>1550<\/td>225<\/td>1380<\/td>200<\/td>12<\/td>35<\/td>47<\/td>26<\/td>19<\/td><\/tr>
540 °C (1000 °F)<\/td>1275<\/td>185<\/td>1170<\/td>170<\/td>15<\/td>45<\/td>41<\/td>39<\/td>29<\/td><\/tr>
650 °C (1200 °F)<\/td>930<\/td>135<\/td>760<\/td>110<\/td>25<\/td>55<\/td>30<\/td>125<\/td>92<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tabela 7. L6, propriedades mec\u00e2nicas nominais \u00e0 temperatura ambiente<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Condi\u00e7\u00e3o<\/th>Tra\u00e7\u00e3o, MPa<\/th>Tra\u00e7\u00e3o, ksi<\/th>Escoamento 0,2%, MPa<\/th>Escoamento 0,2%, ksi<\/th>Alongamento, %<\/th>Redu\u00e7\u00e3o de \u00e1rea, %<\/th>Dureza<\/th>Impacto, J<\/th>Impacto, ft·lbf<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Temperado a \u00f3leo de 845 °C (1550 °F) e revenido \u00fanico a:<\/td><\/tr>
Recozido<\/td>655<\/td>95<\/td>380<\/td>55<\/td>25<\/td>55<\/td>93 HRB<\/td>—<\/td>—<\/td><\/tr>
315 °C (600 °F)<\/td>2000<\/td>290<\/td>1790<\/td>260<\/td>4<\/td>9<\/td>54<\/td>12<\/td>9<\/td><\/tr>
425 °C (800 °F)<\/td>1585<\/td>230<\/td>1380<\/td>200<\/td>8<\/td>20<\/td>46<\/td>18<\/td>13<\/td><\/tr>
540 °C (1000 °F)<\/td>1345<\/td>195<\/td>1100<\/td>160<\/td>12<\/td>30<\/td>42<\/td>23<\/td>17<\/td><\/tr>
650 °C (1200 °F)<\/td>965<\/td>140<\/td>830<\/td>120<\/td>20<\/td>48<\/td>32<\/td>81<\/td>60<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fonte, ASM Handbook Vol.1, artigo Wrought Tool Steels, Tabela 7. As linhas recozidas correspondem \u00e0 condi\u00e7\u00e3o de fornecimento. Notas de rodap\u00e9 da fonte, (a) alongamento medido em comprimento de refer\u00eancia de 50 mm (2 in.), (b) Charpy V-notch, (c) Charpy sem entalhe. Os graus L s\u00e3o cotados no ensaio com entalhe e os graus S no ensaio sem entalhe, portanto as colunas de impacto dos dois grupos n\u00e3o s\u00e3o compar\u00e1veis entre si. Um tra\u00e7o significa que a fonte n\u00e3o lista nenhum valor.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Grupo S, os a\u00e7os resistentes ao choque<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Os a\u00e7os do grupo S s\u00e3o os especificados quando a ferramenta precisa absorver impacto. Eles variam de temperabilidade superficial, S2, a temperabilidade profunda, S7, e a temperabilidade aqui \u00e9 controlada pela composi\u00e7\u00e3o e n\u00e3o pelos efeitos do tamanho de gr\u00e3o e pr\u00e1tica de fus\u00e3o que dominam o grupo W. O grupo precisa de temperaturas de austenitiza\u00e7\u00e3o relativamente altas para atingir sua dureza \u00f3tima, e por isso o carboneto n\u00e3o dissolvido n\u00e3o \u00e9 o controle de temperabilidade que \u00e9 em outros grupos. O S2 \u00e9 normalmente temperado em \u00e1gua, o S1, S5 e S6 s\u00e3o temperados a \u00f3leo, e o S7 \u00e9 normalmente resfriado ao ar, exceto em se\u00e7\u00f5es grandes, que s\u00e3o temperadas a \u00f3leo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As propriedades mec\u00e2nicas dos tr\u00eas graus nesta tabela s\u00e3o a raz\u00e3o pela qual o grupo S \u00e0s vezes \u00e9 considerado para trabalho n\u00e3o relacionado a ferramentas. No revenimento a 205 °C (400 °F), o S5 atinge 2345 MPa (340 ksi) de tra\u00e7\u00e3o com 206 J de energia de impacto sem entalhe, e o S7 atinge 358 J no revenimento a 650 °C (1200 °F) enquanto ainda mant\u00e9m 1240 MPa (180 ksi). Resist\u00eancia e tenacidade se movem juntas ao longo da faixa de revenimento de uma maneira incomum em um a\u00e7o ferramenta, e as linhas a 650 °C s\u00e3o onde isso se mostra mais claramente: a dureza cai para o final da casa dos trinta e a energia de impacto aumenta em cerca de uma ordem de magnitude.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tabela 7. S1, propriedades mec\u00e2nicas nominais \u00e0 temperatura ambiente<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Condi\u00e7\u00e3o<\/th>Tra\u00e7\u00e3o, MPa<\/th>Tra\u00e7\u00e3o, ksi<\/th>Escoamento 0,2%, MPa<\/th>Escoamento 0,2%, ksi<\/th>Alongamento, %<\/th>Redu\u00e7\u00e3o de \u00e1rea, %<\/th>Dureza<\/th>Impacto, J<\/th>Impacto, ft·lbf<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Temperado a \u00f3leo de 925 °C (1700 °F) e revenido \u00fanico a:<\/td><\/tr>
Recozido<\/td>690<\/td>100<\/td>415<\/td>60<\/td>24<\/td>52<\/td>96 HRB<\/td>—<\/td>—<\/td><\/tr>
205 °C (400 °F)<\/td>2070<\/td>300<\/td>1895<\/td>275<\/td>—<\/td>—<\/td>57.5<\/td>249<\/td>184<\/td><\/tr>
315 °C (600 °F)<\/td>2025<\/td>294<\/td>1860<\/td>270<\/td>4<\/td>12<\/td>54<\/td>233<\/td>172<\/td><\/tr>
425 °C (800 °F)<\/td>1790<\/td>260<\/td>1690<\/td>245<\/td>5<\/td>17<\/td>50.5<\/td>203<\/td>150<\/td><\/tr>
540 °C (1000 °F)<\/td>1680<\/td>244<\/td>1525<\/td>221<\/td>9<\/td>23<\/td>47.5<\/td>230<\/td>170<\/td><\/tr>
650 °C (1200 °F)<\/td>1345<\/td>195<\/td>1240<\/td>180<\/td>12<\/td>37<\/td>42<\/td>—<\/td>—<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tabela 7. S5, propriedades mec\u00e2nicas nominais \u00e0 temperatura ambiente<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Condi\u00e7\u00e3o<\/th>Tra\u00e7\u00e3o, MPa<\/th>Tra\u00e7\u00e3o, ksi<\/th>Escoamento 0,2%, MPa<\/th>Escoamento 0,2%, ksi<\/th>Alongamento, %<\/th>Redu\u00e7\u00e3o de \u00e1rea, %<\/th>Dureza<\/th>Impacto, J<\/th>Impacto, ft·lbf<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Temperado a \u00f3leo de 870 °C (1600 °F) e revenido \u00fanico a:<\/td><\/tr>
Recozido<\/td>725<\/td>105<\/td>440<\/td>64<\/td>25<\/td>50<\/td>96 HRB<\/td>—<\/td>—<\/td><\/tr>
205 °C (400 °F)<\/td>2345<\/td>340<\/td>1930<\/td>280<\/td>5<\/td>20<\/td>59<\/td>206<\/td>152<\/td><\/tr>
315 °C (600 °F)<\/td>2240<\/td>325<\/td>1860<\/td>270<\/td>7<\/td>24<\/td>58<\/td>232<\/td>171<\/td><\/tr>
425 °C (800 °F)<\/td>1895<\/td>275<\/td>1690<\/td>245<\/td>9<\/td>28<\/td>52<\/td>243<\/td>179<\/td><\/tr>
540 °C (1000 °F)<\/td>1515<\/td>220<\/td>1380<\/td>200<\/td>10<\/td>30<\/td>48<\/td>188<\/td>139<\/td><\/tr>
650 °C (1200 °F)<\/td>1035<\/td>150<\/td>1170<\/td>170<\/td>15<\/td>40<\/td>37<\/td>—<\/td>—<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tabela 7. S7, propriedades mec\u00e2nicas nominais \u00e0 temperatura ambiente<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Condi\u00e7\u00e3o<\/th>Tra\u00e7\u00e3o, MPa<\/th>Tra\u00e7\u00e3o, ksi<\/th>Escoamento 0,2%, MPa<\/th>Escoamento 0,2%, ksi<\/th>Alongamento, %<\/th>Redu\u00e7\u00e3o de \u00e1rea, %<\/th>Dureza<\/th>Impacto, J<\/th>Impacto, ft·lbf<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Resfriado com ventilador de 940 °C (1725 °F) e revenido \u00fanico a:<\/td><\/tr>
Recozido<\/td>640<\/td>93<\/td>380<\/td>55<\/td>25<\/td>55<\/td>95 HRB<\/td>—<\/td>—<\/td><\/tr>
205 °C (400 °F)<\/td>2170<\/td>315<\/td>1450<\/td>210<\/td>7<\/td>20<\/td>58<\/td>244<\/td>180<\/td><\/tr>
315 °C (600 °F)<\/td>1965<\/td>285<\/td>1585<\/td>230<\/td>9<\/td>25<\/td>55<\/td>309<\/td>228<\/td><\/tr>
425 °C (800 °F)<\/td>1895<\/td>275<\/td>1410<\/td>205<\/td>10<\/td>29<\/td>53<\/td>243<\/td>179<\/td><\/tr>
540 °C (1000 °F)<\/td>1820<\/td>264<\/td>1380<\/td>200<\/td>10<\/td>33<\/td>51<\/td>324<\/td>239<\/td><\/tr>
650 °C (1200 °F)<\/td>1240<\/td>180<\/td>1035<\/td>150<\/td>14<\/td>45<\/td>39<\/td>358<\/td>264<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fonte, ASM Handbook Vol.1, artigo Wrought Tool Steels, Tabela 7. As linhas recozidas correspondem \u00e0 condi\u00e7\u00e3o de fornecimento. Notas de rodap\u00e9 da fonte, (a) alongamento medido em comprimento de refer\u00eancia de 50 mm (2 in.), (b) Charpy V-notch, (c) Charpy sem entalhe. Os graus L s\u00e3o cotados no ensaio com entalhe e os graus S no ensaio sem entalhe, portanto as colunas de impacto dos dois grupos n\u00e3o s\u00e3o compar\u00e1veis entre si. Um tra\u00e7o significa que a fonte n\u00e3o lista nenhum valor.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lendo as duas tabelas em conjunto<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u00eas advert\u00eancias acompanham esses n\u00fameros. A primeira \u00e9 a j\u00e1 observada na nota de rodap\u00e9 da fonte, que os graus L s\u00e3o citados em um teste Charpy V-notch e os graus S em um teste sem entalhe, portanto um valor de impacto de uma tabela n\u00e3o pode ser comparado com um valor da outra. A segunda \u00e9 que todo valor \u00e9 um valor nominal \u00e0 temperatura ambiente de uma \u00fanica fonte, e resist\u00eancia e alongamento variam com o tamanho da se\u00e7\u00e3o, com a temperatura de austenitiza\u00e7\u00e3o real e com o n\u00famero de revenimentos, nenhum dos quais as vari\u00e1veis da tabela. A terceira \u00e9 que os valores de dureza nas linhas recozidas est\u00e3o na escala Rockwell B e as linhas temperadas na Rockwell C, portanto a dureza recozida \u00e9 um indicador de usinabilidade e n\u00e3o uma dureza de trabalho.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A convers\u00e3o entre as escalas, e a raz\u00e3o pela qual uma condi\u00e7\u00e3o recozida de 96 HRB e uma condi\u00e7\u00e3o de trabalho de 54 HRC n\u00e3o podem ser comparadas diretamente, est\u00e1 na Convers\u00e3o de Vickers para Rockwell C<\/a> p\u00e1gina. As propriedades do grupo W e do grupo O est\u00e3o na tabela de propriedades do a\u00e7o ferramenta<\/a>, a dureza que cada um desses graus mant\u00e9m \u00e0 temperatura est\u00e1 na tabela de dureza a quente do a\u00e7o ferramenta<\/a>, e a energia de impacto das fam\u00edlias como um todo est\u00e1 na Tabela de tenacidade ao impacto do a\u00e7o ferramenta<\/a>. A Aobo Steel fornece L6 e S7 como barra forjada e laminada a quente, e a dureza recozida no certificado do laminador segue a mesma tabela.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fonte: ASM Handbook, Vol 1, Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels and High-Performance Alloys.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

L Series and S Series Tool Steel Properties, Annealed and Hardened The L series and the S series are the two tool steel groups that are bought for strength and shock resistance rather than for wear resistance or hot hardness. L is the low alloy special purpose group, and S is the shock resisting group, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"normal-width-container","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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