{"id":20735,"date":"2026-10-03T08:04:05","date_gmt":"2026-10-03T00:04:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/?page_id=20735"},"modified":"2026-10-16T01:10:19","modified_gmt":"2026-10-15T17:10:19","slug":"hardened-tool-steel-structure-shock-medium-alloy","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/pt\/hardened-tool-steel-structure-shock-medium-alloy\/","title":{"rendered":"Estrutura Temperada de A\u00e7os Ferramenta Resistentes ao Choque e de M\u00e9dia Liga"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Estrutura Temperada de A\u00e7os Ferramenta Resistentes ao Choque e de M\u00e9dia Liga<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Um a\u00e7o ferramenta devidamente temperado parece muito semelhante de um grau para o outro, e os graus que quebram essa regra s\u00e3o os que t\u00eam baixo teor de carbono e quase nenhum carboneto residual. Nesses a\u00e7os, quase todo o carbono entra em solu\u00e7\u00e3o, a martensita sai mais grosseira e o microsc\u00f3pio \u00f3ptico tem mais a mostrar. Esta p\u00e1gina re\u00fane as micrografias temperadas e revenidas dos graus resistentes ao choque e dos graus de m\u00e9dia liga temperados a \u00f3leo e ao ar, <a href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/pt\/s7-tool-steel\/\">S7<\/a> juntamente com S1, S2 e S5, <a href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/pt\/l6-tool-steel\/\">L6<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/pt\/o1-tool-steel\/\">O1<\/a> e O2, e os <a href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/pt\/h13-tool-steel\/\">H11 e H13<\/a> da extremidade de trabalho a quente da fam\u00edlia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Por que esses graus mostram mais estrutura<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As micrografias de a\u00e7o ferramenta tratado termicamente parecem semelhantes quando os graus s\u00e3o tratados corretamente, e a principal diferen\u00e7a entre eles \u00e9 a quantidade e o tipo de carboneto n\u00e3o dissolvido residual, que determina qu\u00e3o grosseira \u00e9 a martensita em placas. Na maioria dos a\u00e7os ferramenta, a martensita \u00e9 t\u00e3o fina que pouco detalhe aparece no microsc\u00f3pio \u00f3ptico. N\u00e3o \u00e9 o caso dos graus resistentes ao choque, como S1, S5 e S7, que possuem menor teor de carbono, dissolvem quase todo ele e, portanto, produzem uma martensita mais grosseira com mais detalhe vis\u00edvel a 500x e 1000x.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Revenido a baixa temperatura, com dureza total<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As seis placas abaixo s\u00e3o a extremidade de trabalho a frio do grupo, todas temperadas e depois revenidas na faixa de 150 a 175 &#176;C, que alivia a tens\u00e3o de t\u00eampera sem afetar a dureza. As durezas variam de 58 a 61,5 HRC e as temperaturas de revenimento s\u00e3o todas baixas, o que \u00e9 a combina\u00e7\u00e3o normal para uma matriz ou ferramenta de corte que precisa manter um fio afiado \u00e0 temperatura ambiente. O que separa as placas \u00e9 a quantidade de carboneto remanescente. S1 e S5 mostram apenas martensita, porque o grau possui t\u00e3o pouco carboneto residual que nenhum dele sobrevive na imagem nessas amplia\u00e7\u00f5es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Aobo-Steel-Tool-Steel-Microstructure-hardened-fig-52-s1.jpg\" alt=\"AISI S1 shock resisting tool steel hardened at 955 C and tempered at 150 C, martensite only, 2% nital, 500x\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Fig. 52. S1 aquecido a 955 &#176;C, temperado a \u00f3leo e revenido a 150 &#176;C, 58 a 59 HRC. Apenas martensita \u00e9 vis\u00edvel, porque quase todo o carbono entrou em solu\u00e7\u00e3o. Nital 2%, 500x.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Aobo-Steel-Tool-Steel-Microstructure-hardened-fig-49-s2.jpg\" alt=\"AISI S2 shock resisting tool steel hardened at 845 C and tempered at 150 C, 59.5 HRC, 2% nital, 1000x\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Fig. 49. S2 aquecido a 845 &#176;C, temperado a \u00e1gua e revenido a 150 &#176;C, 59,5 HRC. Martensita com uma pequena quantidade de carboneto n\u00e3o dissolvido muito fino. Nital 2%, 1000x.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Aobo-Steel-Tool-Steel-Microstructure-hardened-fig-53-s5.jpg\" alt=\"AISI S5 shock resisting tool steel hardened at 870 C and tempered at 175 C, martensite only, 1000x\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Fig. 53. S5 aquecido a 870 &#176;C, temperado a \u00f3leo e revenido a 175 &#176;C, 60 HRC. Apenas martensita \u00e9 vis\u00edvel. Nital 2%, 1000x.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Aobo-Steel-Tool-Steel-Microstructure-hardened-fig-50-l6.jpg\" alt=\"AISI L6 tool steel hardened at 840 C and tempered at 150 C, 61 HRC, 2% nital, 1000x\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Fig. 50. L6 aquecido a 840 &#176;C, temperado a \u00f3leo e revenido a 150 &#176;C, 61 HRC. Martensita com carboneto n\u00e3o dissolvido. Nital 2%, 1000x.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Aobo-Steel-Tool-Steel-Microstructure-hardened-fig-51-o2.jpg\" alt=\"AISI O2 oil hardening tool steel hardened at 850 C and tempered at 175 C, 61 HRC, 2% nital, 1000x\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Fig. 51. O2 aquecido a 850 &#176;C, temperado a \u00f3leo e revenido a 175 &#176;C, 61 HRC. Martensita com uma pequena quantidade de carboneto n\u00e3o dissolvido. Nital 2%, 1000x.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Aobo-Steel-Tool-Steel-Microstructure-hardened-fig-57-a6.jpg\" alt=\"AISI A6 air hardening tool steel hardened at 840 C and tempered at 150 C, 61.5 HRC, 2% nital, 1000x\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Fig. 57. A6 aquecido a 840 &#176;C, temperado ao ar e revenido a 150 &#176;C, 61,5 HRC. Martensita com uma pequena quantidade de carboneto n\u00e3o dissolvido. Nital 2%, 1000x.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Revenido a alta temperatura, para uma matriz que opera aquecida<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Os graus de trabalho a quente s\u00e3o temperados e depois revenidos a uma temperatura trinta vezes maior, porque a matriz precisa manter sua dureza enquanto trabalha a quente. O H11 \u00e9 temperado ao ar a partir de 1010 &#176;C e duplo revenido a 510 &#176;C at\u00e9 52 HRC, e o H21, o grau de trabalho a quente ao tungst\u00eanio, \u00e9 temperado a \u00f3leo a partir de 1200 &#176;C e revenido a 595 &#176;C at\u00e9 53,5 HRC. Ambos possuem uma pequena quantidade de carboneto muito fino em uma matriz martens\u00edtica, e ambos s\u00e3o analisados quanto \u00e0s mesmas duas coisas quando uma matriz falha precocemente: o tamanho de gr\u00e3o austen\u00edtico pr\u00e9vio e se o ciclo de revenimento foi seguido duas vezes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Aobo-Steel-Tool-Steel-Microstructure-hardened-fig-58-h11.jpg\" alt=\"AISI H11 hot work tool steel hardened at 1010 C and double tempered at 510 C, 52 HRC, Vilella's reagent, 1000x\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Fig. 58. H11 aquecido a 1010 &#176;C, temperado ao ar e duplo revenido a 510 &#176;C, 52 HRC. Martensita com uma pequena quantidade de carboneto muito fino. Reagente de Vilella&#8217;s, 1000x.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Aobo-Steel-Tool-Steel-Microstructure-hardened-fig-60-h21.jpg\" alt=\"AISI H21 tungsten hot work tool steel hardened at 1200 C and tempered at 595 C, 53.5 HRC, 1000x\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Fig. 60. H21 aquecido a 1200 &#176;C, temperado a \u00f3leo e revenido a 595 &#176;C, 53,5 HRC. Martensita com carboneto n\u00e3o dissolvido. Nital 2% e reagente de Vilella&#8217;s, 1000x.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O duplo revenimento n\u00e3o \u00e9 opcional nesta extremidade da fam\u00edlia. O segundo revenimento \u00e9 o que condiciona a estrutura deixada ap\u00f3s o primeiro, e as matrizes de trabalho a quente que falham por trinca em vez de desgaste s\u00e3o geralmente as que foram revenidas uma vez. Os cronogramas de revenimento para os graus de trabalho a quente ao cromo est\u00e3o apresentados na <a href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/pt\/tool-steel-heat-treatment-guide\/\">guia de tratamento t\u00e9rmico de a\u00e7o ferramenta<\/a>, e os mesmos graus sob uma camada nitretada est\u00e3o na <a href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/pt\/tool-steel-microstructure\/\">microestrutura do a\u00e7o ferramenta<\/a> p\u00e1gina.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">O que a placa pode e n\u00e3o pode mostrar<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Uma micrografia de a\u00e7o ferramenta temperado determina o tamanho de gr\u00e3o, a quantidade de carboneto n\u00e3o dissolvido e se a estrutura \u00e9 totalmente martens\u00edtica, e n\u00e3o determina qual carboneto est\u00e1 presente ou <a href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/pt\/microconstituents-tool-steel-after-hardening\/\">quanto austenita retida resta<\/a>. A austenita retida permanece invis\u00edvel at\u00e9 que haja uma quantidade substancial, geralmente mais de 10%, e o tipo de carboneto requer um ataque de colora\u00e7\u00e3o ou um m\u00e9todo de resolu\u00e7\u00e3o mais alta para ser identificado. Ambas essas verifica\u00e7\u00f5es est\u00e3o descritas na <a href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/pt\/tool-steel-tint-etching\/\">ataque de colora\u00e7\u00e3o<\/a> p\u00e1gina, e a dureza que cada grau mant\u00e9m ap\u00f3s cada temperatura de revenimento est\u00e1 na <a href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/pt\/tool-steel-tempering-chart\/\">tabela de t\u00eampera<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Compilado do ASM Handbook, Volume 9, Metallography and Microstructures, artigo Metallographic Techniques for Tool Steels de George F. Vander Voort, ASM International, 2004 (se\u00e7\u00e3o de microestruturas tratadas termicamente, Fig. 49 a Fig. 53, Fig. 57, Fig. 58 e Fig. 60). Cada legenda foi lida da camada de texto pesquis\u00e1vel do arquivo e verificada contra a placa impressa, e cada placa foi recortada do arquivo a 1,5 vezes sua largura em pixels impressa. As placas s\u00e3o um resumo de refer\u00eancia da pr\u00e1tica publicada, e n\u00e3o uma especifica\u00e7\u00e3o da Aobo Steel, portanto confirme o grau, a temperatura de austenitiza\u00e7\u00e3o e o ciclo de revenimento contra o certificado de ensaio do material antes de redigir uma folha de processo.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hardened Structure of Shock Resisting and Medium Alloy Tool Steels A properly hardened tool steel looks much the same from one grade to the next, and the grades that break that rule are the ones with a low carbon content and almost no residual carbide. In those steels nearly all of the carbon goes into [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"normal-width-container","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-20735","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO 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