{"id":20482,"date":"2026-10-01T14:07:33","date_gmt":"2026-10-01T06:07:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/?page_id=20482"},"modified":"2026-10-16T00:45:22","modified_gmt":"2026-10-15T16:45:22","slug":"hot-work-tool-steel-tensile-strength","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/pt\/hot-work-tool-steel-tensile-strength\/","title":{"rendered":"Resist\u00eancia \u00e0 Tra\u00e7\u00e3o de A\u00e7os Ferramenta para Trabalho a Quente em Temperatura Elevada"},"content":{"rendered":"

Resist\u00eancia \u00e0 Tra\u00e7\u00e3o de A\u00e7os Ferramenta para Trabalho a Quente em Temperatura Elevada<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

Os a\u00e7os ferramenta para trabalho a quente s\u00e3o escolhidos pela resist\u00eancia que mant\u00eam enquanto est\u00e3o quentes, e os valores que respondem a essa quest\u00e3o s\u00e3o a resist\u00eancia \u00e0 tra\u00e7\u00e3o e o limite de escoamento medidos na temperatura de trabalho e n\u00e3o \u00e0 temperatura ambiente. Tr\u00eas graus de cromo para trabalho a quente est\u00e3o reunidos aqui. H11 e H13 s\u00e3o os dois a\u00e7os com que se fabricam a maior parte das ferramentas de fundi\u00e7\u00e3o de alum\u00ednio sob press\u00e3o e forjamento a quente, e H12 \u00e9 o grau mais altamente ligado usado onde a ferramenta tem de suportar choque mais pesado. Cada valor pertence ao tratamento t\u00e9rmico exato e \u00e0 temperatura de ensaio exata indicada ao lado, portanto leia a tabela como o comportamento medido dessa \u00fanica condi\u00e7\u00e3o. Este \u00e9 um resumo de refer\u00eancia da pr\u00e1tica publicada e n\u00e3o uma especifica\u00e7\u00e3o nossa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O que os valores medem<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

A resist\u00eancia \u00e0 tra\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 medida num corpo de prova tracionado na temperatura da primeira coluna, portanto o n\u00famero descreve o a\u00e7o enquanto est\u00e1 quente e n\u00e3o depois de arrefecido. Acima de cerca de 400 \u00b0C todo a\u00e7o cromo para trabalho a quente perde resist\u00eancia de forma constante, e a taxa a que a perde \u00e9 o que distingue um grau de outro. O alongamento e a redu\u00e7\u00e3o de \u00e1rea s\u00e3o medidos no mesmo corpo de prova e aumentam \u00e0 medida que a resist\u00eancia cai, raz\u00e3o pela qual a condi\u00e7\u00e3o mais tenaz de um a\u00e7o para trabalho a quente nunca \u00e9 a sua mais resistente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Os tr\u00eas graus foram ensaiados ap\u00f3s tratamentos t\u00e9rmicos diferentes e cada tabela \u00e9 precedida pelo tratamento a que pertence. Duas das condi\u00e7\u00f5es de H12 foram ensaiadas ap\u00f3s t\u00eampera em \u00f3leo a partir de 1050 \u00b0C e uma terceira ap\u00f3s arrefecimento ao ar a partir de 980 \u00b0C, portanto os valores de H12 n\u00e3o s\u00e3o um \u00fanico conjunto. A fonte n\u00e3o reporta limite de escoamento para todas as condi\u00e7\u00f5es, e n\u00e3o reporta a dureza ap\u00f3s o ensaio para todas as condi\u00e7\u00f5es; essas c\u00e9lulas est\u00e3o marcadas como N\u00e3o reportado em vez de transportadas de outra condi\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Propriedades de tra\u00e7\u00e3o do a\u00e7o ferramenta H11 em temperatura<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Arrefecido ao ar a partir de 1010 \u00b0C e duplo revenido 2,5 h a 570 \u00b0C<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Temperatura de ensaio, °C (°F)<\/th>Resist\u00eancia \u00e0 tra\u00e7\u00e3o, MPa<\/th>Resist\u00eancia \u00e0 tra\u00e7\u00e3o, ksi<\/th>Limite de escoamento (offset 0,2%), MPa<\/th>Limite de escoamento (offset 0,2%), ksi<\/th>Alongamento em 50 mm (2 pol.), %<\/th>Redu\u00e7\u00e3o de \u00e1rea, %<\/th>Dureza antes do ensaio, HRC<\/th>Dureza ap\u00f3s o ensaio, HRC<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Ambiente<\/td>1806<\/td>262<\/td>1482<\/td>215<\/td>10.0<\/td>35.8<\/td>50<\/td>50<\/td><\/tr>
150 (300)<\/td>1689<\/td>245<\/td>1358<\/td>197<\/td>10.1<\/td>36.1<\/td>50<\/td>50<\/td><\/tr>
260 (500)<\/td>1600<\/td>232<\/td>1345<\/td>195<\/td>9.8<\/td>34.5<\/td>50<\/td>50<\/td><\/tr>
345 (650)<\/td>1579<\/td>229<\/td>1317<\/td>191<\/td>10.0<\/td>35.2<\/td>50<\/td>50<\/td><\/tr>
425 (800)<\/td>1510<\/td>219<\/td>1289<\/td>187<\/td>11.4<\/td>38.7<\/td>50<\/td>50<\/td><\/tr>
480 (900)<\/td>1427<\/td>207<\/td>1145<\/td>166<\/td>12.2<\/td>38.9<\/td>50<\/td>50<\/td><\/tr>
540 (1000)<\/td>1241<\/td>180<\/td>965<\/td>140<\/td>11.0<\/td>35.4<\/td>50<\/td>50<\/td><\/tr>
595 (1100)<\/td>979<\/td>142<\/td>724<\/td>105<\/td>12.8<\/td>46.2<\/td>50<\/td>47<\/td><\/tr>
650 (1200)<\/td>586<\/td>85<\/td>434<\/td>63<\/td>18.9<\/td>66.6<\/td>50<\/td>41<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fonte, Tabela 13-4, Propriedades de tra\u00e7\u00e3o de a\u00e7os-ferramenta para trabalho a quente de cromo-molibd\u00eanio em temperaturas elevadas, H11 de Tool Steels (G. A. Roberts e G. Krauss). Composi\u00e7\u00e3o 0,40% C, 0,92% Si, 5,09% Cr, 1,34% Mo, 0,52% V; austenitizado a 1010 \u00b0C (1850 \u00b0F) e resfriado ao ar, depois duplo revenido de 2,5 h a 570 \u00b0C (1060 \u00b0F). A linha de temperatura ambiente \u00e9 impressa como Room na fonte e n\u00e3o traz valor separado em graus.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

O H11 mant\u00e9m 1482 MPa de limite de escoamento \u00e0 temperatura ambiente e ainda mant\u00e9m 1289 MPa a 425 \u00b0C, portanto a ferramenta perdeu apenas cerca de um d\u00e9cimo do seu limite de escoamento at\u00e9 \u00e0 temperatura em que a fundi\u00e7\u00e3o de alum\u00ednio sob press\u00e3o opera. Acima de 480 \u00b0C a queda acentua-se, e acima de 540 \u00b0C \u00e9 r\u00e1pida, com o limite de escoamento a descer para 965 MPa a 540 \u00b0C e para 434 MPa a 650 \u00b0C. O alongamento e a redu\u00e7\u00e3o de \u00e1rea sobem \u00e0 medida que a resist\u00eancia cai, de 10,0 por cento de alongamento \u00e0 temperatura ambiente para 18,9 por cento a 650 \u00b0C, que \u00e9 a ductilidade que permite a uma ferramenta quente fletir em vez de fissurar quando sobrecarregada. A dureza ap\u00f3s o ensaio mostra quanto o corpo de prova amoleceu enquanto era tracionado, mantendo 50 HRC at\u00e9 540 \u00b0C mas caindo para 47 HRC a 595 \u00b0C e 41 HRC a 650 \u00b0C.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Propriedades de tra\u00e7\u00e3o do a\u00e7o ferramenta H13 em temperatura<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Temperado em \u00f3leo a partir de 1010 \u00b0C e revenido 2 h a 565 \u00b0C<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Temperatura de ensaio, °C (°F)<\/th>Resist\u00eancia \u00e0 tra\u00e7\u00e3o, MPa<\/th>Resist\u00eancia \u00e0 tra\u00e7\u00e3o, ksi<\/th>Limite de escoamento (offset 0,2%), MPa<\/th>Limite de escoamento (offset 0,2%), ksi<\/th>Alongamento em 50 mm (2 pol.), %<\/th>Redu\u00e7\u00e3o de \u00e1rea, %<\/th>Dureza antes do ensaio, HRC<\/th>Dureza ap\u00f3s o ensaio, HRC<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
480 (900)<\/td>1531<\/td>222<\/td>N\u00e3o reportado<\/td>N\u00e3o reportado<\/td>9<\/td>37<\/td>52<\/td>N\u00e3o reportado<\/td><\/tr>
540 (1000)<\/td>1413<\/td>205<\/td>N\u00e3o reportado<\/td>N\u00e3o reportado<\/td>11<\/td>43<\/td>52<\/td>N\u00e3o reportado<\/td><\/tr>
595 (1100)<\/td>1193<\/td>173<\/td>N\u00e3o reportado<\/td>N\u00e3o reportado<\/td>15<\/td>49<\/td>52<\/td>N\u00e3o reportado<\/td><\/tr>
650 (1200)<\/td>814<\/td>118<\/td>N\u00e3o reportado<\/td>N\u00e3o reportado<\/td>22<\/td>59<\/td>52<\/td>N\u00e3o reportado<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fonte, Tabela 13-4, H13 de Tool Steels (G. A. Roberts e G. Krauss). Composi\u00e7\u00e3o 0,40% C, 1,00% Si, 5,25% Cr, 1,15% Mo, 1,00% V; austenitizado a 1010 \u00b0C (1850 \u00b0F) e temperado em \u00f3leo, depois revenido de 2 h a 565 \u00b0C (1050 \u00b0F). A fonte n\u00e3o reporta limite de escoamento nem dureza ap\u00f3s o ensaio para esta condi\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A condi\u00e7\u00e3o de H13 aqui reportada foi ensaiada apenas a partir de 480 \u00b0C, que \u00e9 a faixa que importa dentro de um molde. A resist\u00eancia \u00e0 tra\u00e7\u00e3o cai de 1531 MPa a 480 \u00b0C para 814 MPa a 650 \u00b0C, e o alongamento medido nos mesmos corpos de prova sobe de 9 para 22 por cento nesse intervalo. O H13 apresenta 52 HRC antes do ensaio em todas as temperaturas da tabela, portanto a perda de resist\u00eancia com a temperatura ocorre sem uma perda correspondente na dureza tal como revenida. A fonte n\u00e3o reporta limite de escoamento nem dureza ap\u00f3s o ensaio para esta condi\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Propriedades de tra\u00e7\u00e3o do a\u00e7o ferramenta H12 em temperatura<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Temperado em \u00f3leo a partir de 1050 \u00b0C e revenido 2 h a 565 \u00b0C<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Temperatura de ensaio, °C (°F)<\/th>Resist\u00eancia \u00e0 tra\u00e7\u00e3o, MPa<\/th>Resist\u00eancia \u00e0 tra\u00e7\u00e3o, ksi<\/th>Limite de escoamento (offset 0,2%), MPa<\/th>Limite de escoamento (offset 0,2%), ksi<\/th>Alongamento em 50 mm (2 pol.), %<\/th>Redu\u00e7\u00e3o de \u00e1rea, %<\/th>Dureza antes do ensaio, HRC<\/th>Dureza ap\u00f3s o ensaio, HRC<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
400 (750)<\/td>1703<\/td>247<\/td>N\u00e3o reportado<\/td>N\u00e3o reportado<\/td>12<\/td>36<\/td>53<\/td>N\u00e3o reportado<\/td><\/tr>
540 (1000)<\/td>1482<\/td>215<\/td>N\u00e3o reportado<\/td>N\u00e3o reportado<\/td>12<\/td>41<\/td>53<\/td>N\u00e3o reportado<\/td><\/tr>
650 (1200)<\/td>531<\/td>77<\/td>N\u00e3o reportado<\/td>N\u00e3o reportado<\/td>32<\/td>83<\/td>53<\/td>N\u00e3o reportado<\/td><\/tr>
760 (1400)<\/td>124<\/td>18<\/td>N\u00e3o reportado<\/td>N\u00e3o reportado<\/td>71<\/td>97<\/td>53<\/td>N\u00e3o reportado<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fonte, Tabela 13-4, H12 temperado em \u00f3leo a partir de 1050 \u00b0C de Tool Steels (G. A. Roberts e G. Krauss). Composi\u00e7\u00e3o 0,33% C, 0,85% Si, 5,00% Cr, 1,25% W, 1,45% Mo, 0,23% V; austenitizado a 1050 \u00b0C (1925 \u00b0F) e temperado em \u00f3leo, depois revenido de 2 h a 565 \u00b0C (1050 \u00b0F). A fonte n\u00e3o reporta limite de escoamento nem dureza ap\u00f3s o ensaio para esta condi\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Arrefecido ao ar a partir de 980 \u00b0C e revenido 1,5 h a 565 \u00b0C<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Temperatura de ensaio, °C (°F)<\/th>Resist\u00eancia \u00e0 tra\u00e7\u00e3o, MPa<\/th>Resist\u00eancia \u00e0 tra\u00e7\u00e3o, ksi<\/th>Limite de escoamento (offset 0,2%), MPa<\/th>Limite de escoamento (offset 0,2%), ksi<\/th>Alongamento em 50 mm (2 pol.), %<\/th>Redu\u00e7\u00e3o de \u00e1rea, %<\/th>Dureza antes do ensaio, HRC<\/th>Dureza ap\u00f3s o ensaio, HRC<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
540 (1000)<\/td>1358<\/td>197<\/td>1086.7<\/td>157.6<\/td>10<\/td>55<\/td>50<\/td>N\u00e3o reportado<\/td><\/tr>
620 (1150)<\/td>593.7<\/td>86.1<\/td>396.5<\/td>57.5<\/td>24<\/td>71<\/td>49.5<\/td>N\u00e3o reportado<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fonte, Tabela 13-4, H12 resfriado ao ar a partir de 980 \u00b0C de Tool Steels (G. A. Roberts e G. Krauss). O a\u00e7o foi austenitizado a 980 \u00b0C (1800 \u00b0F), resfriado ao ar, depois revenido de 1,5 h a 565 \u00b0C (1050 \u00b0F). A fonte n\u00e3o reporta dureza ap\u00f3s o ensaio para esta condi\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

O H12 \u00e9 o membro com tungst\u00eanio do grupo cromo para trabalho a quente, e as duas condi\u00e7\u00f5es acima mostram quanto o tratamento t\u00e9rmico inicial importa. Ap\u00f3s t\u00eampera em \u00f3leo a partir de 1050 \u00b0C o a\u00e7o mant\u00e9m 1703 MPa a 400 \u00b0C e 1482 MPa a 540 \u00b0C, depois cai para 531 MPa a 650 \u00b0C e 124 MPa a 760 \u00b0C, com o alongamento a subir de 12 para 71 por cento no mesmo intervalo de temperatura. A condi\u00e7\u00e3o arrefecida ao ar \u00e9 mais macia desde o in\u00edcio, com 1358 MPa a 540 \u00b0C, e \u00e9 a \u00fanica condi\u00e7\u00e3o de H12 para a qual a fonte reporta limite de escoamento, 1086,7 MPa a 540 \u00b0C e 396,5 MPa a 620 \u00b0C.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lendo os quatro conjuntos de valores em conjunto<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Os quatro conjuntos demonstram o mesmo ponto em temperaturas diferentes. A resist\u00eancia cai com a temperatura em todos os casos e a ductilidade sobe para a acompanhar, portanto uma ferramenta para trabalho a quente operada acima da sua temperatura de trabalho n\u00e3o se torna fr\u00e1gil, torna-se macia e deforma-se. O H12 temperado em \u00f3leo a partir de 1050 \u00b0C come\u00e7a mais resistente que o H11 ou o H13 na mesma temperatura de ensaio, e o H12 mant\u00e9m 53 HRC e o H13 mant\u00e9m 52 HRC antes do ensaio onde o H11 apresenta 50 HRC. A sele\u00e7\u00e3o entre os tr\u00eas graus segue primeiro a temperatura de trabalho da ferramenta e em segundo o carregamento por choque a que est\u00e1 sujeita.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Duas advert\u00eancias aplicam-se aos quatro conjuntos. A primeira \u00e9 que os valores pertencem ao tratamento t\u00e9rmico exato indicado na legenda acima da tabela, portanto um molde austenitizado ou revenido de forma diferente situar-se-\u00e1 noutro ponto destas escalas. A segunda \u00e9 que os valores prov\u00eam de uma \u00fanica fonte publicada sobre um \u00fanico vazamento de cada condi\u00e7\u00e3o, portanto confirme os valores de trabalho com o certificado de ensaio do vazamento que comprar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dados de refer\u00eancia relacionados<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Os dois graus mais usados em ferramentas para trabalho a quente est\u00e3o listados com as suas formas, faixas de se\u00e7\u00e3o e condi\u00e7\u00f5es de entrega em A\u00e7o ferramenta H11<\/a> e A\u00e7o ferramenta H13<\/a>. As suas faixas de dureza e desempenho \u00e0 temperatura de trabalho est\u00e3o apresentados em Propriedades do a\u00e7o para ferramentas H11<\/a> e Propriedades do a\u00e7o H13<\/a>, e a dureza que cada grau mant\u00e9m de 315 a 650 \u00b0C est\u00e1 representada em dureza a quente de a\u00e7o ferramenta<\/a>. Propriedades f\u00edsicas como condutividade t\u00e9rmica e dilata\u00e7\u00e3o est\u00e3o em Propriedades F\u00edsicas do A\u00e7o Ferramenta para Trabalho a Quente<\/a>, o tratamento t\u00e9rmico do H12 est\u00e1 em Tratamento T\u00e9rmico do A\u00e7o Ferramenta H12<\/a>, e a escolha do grau para um molde espec\u00edfico \u00e9 desenvolvida em sele\u00e7\u00e3o de a\u00e7o ferramenta para matriz de extrus\u00e3o a quente<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

Resist\u00eancia \u00e0 tra\u00e7\u00e3o de a\u00e7o ferramenta para trabalho a quente em temperatura, PDF para impress\u00e3o<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

A resist\u00eancia \u00e0 tra\u00e7\u00e3o, o limite de escoamento, o alongamento, a redu\u00e7\u00e3o de \u00e1rea e a dureza antes e ap\u00f3s o ensaio publicados para os a\u00e7os ferramenta para trabalho a quente H11, H13 e H12, da temperatura ambiente a 760 \u00b0C, num \u00fanico PDF com os nossos dados de contato.<\/p>\n\n

\n
Baixar PDF, 436 KB<\/a><\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Fonte: Tool Steels (G. A. Roberts e G. Krauss).<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hot Work Tool Steel Tensile Strength at Elevated Temperature Hot work tool steels are chosen for the strength they keep while they are hot, and the figures that answer that question are tensile and yield strength measured at the working temperature rather than at room temperature. Three chromium hot work grades are collected here. H11 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Work Tool Steel Tensile Strength at Elevated Temperature Hot work tool steels are chosen for the strength they keep while they are hot, and the figures that answer that question are tensile and yield strength measured at the working temperature rather than at room temperature. 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