{"id":19917,"date":"2026-09-27T05:12:02","date_gmt":"2026-09-26T21:12:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/?page_id=19917"},"modified":"2026-10-16T00:09:48","modified_gmt":"2026-10-15T16:09:48","slug":"h12-tool-steel-heat-treatment","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/pt\/h12-tool-steel-heat-treatment\/","title":{"rendered":"Tratamento T\u00e9rmico do A\u00e7o Ferramenta H12"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tratamento T\u00e9rmico do A\u00e7o Ferramenta H12<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

O H12 \u00e9 o grau para trabalho a quente com 5% de cromo que cont\u00e9m tungst\u00eanio, e os valores abaixo s\u00e3o o que uma oficina precisa para submeter o grau a um forno. A temperatura de t\u00eampera, o meio de resfriamento e a dureza deixada por cada temperatura de revenimento s\u00e3o apresentados conforme publicados na ficha de origem. Um resumo de refer\u00eancia da pr\u00e1tica publicada e n\u00e3o uma especifica\u00e7\u00e3o da Aobo Steel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H12 no grupo de trabalho a quente ao tungst\u00eanio<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

O H12 cont\u00e9m 5,00% de cromo com 1,30% de tungst\u00eanio e 1,60% de molibd\u00eanio sobre uma base de 0,35% de carbono. O gr\u00e1fico de composi\u00e7\u00e3o neste site apresenta a faixa de tungst\u00eanio para o grau como 1,00 a 1,70%, enquanto o mesmo gr\u00e1fico n\u00e3o mostra tungst\u00eanio para H11 e H13 e 8,50 a 10,00% para H21, portanto o H12 situa-se entre os graus simples de 5% de cromo e os graus de trabalho a quente ao tungst\u00eanio em volume de carbonetos e em custo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ficha \u00e9 informa\u00e7\u00e3o de refer\u00eancia para oficina e n\u00e3o uma especifica\u00e7\u00e3o. Ela fornece ao grau uma etapa de pr\u00e9-aquecimento, uma temperatura de t\u00eampera e um meio de resfriamento, depois uma linha de revenimento que varia de 300 \u00b0F a 1200 \u00b0F em intervalos irregulares com um valor Rockwell C em cada linha. N\u00e3o h\u00e1 faixas de toler\u00e2ncia em nenhum lugar da ficha, portanto vale a pena testar uma primeira ferramenta cortada de uma nova corrida de a\u00e7o como ensaio antes que o ciclo seja aplicado em ferramental de produ\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

No estado recozido o grau chega com 192 a 229 HB, o valor que o gr\u00e1fico de temperatura de recozimento e normaliza\u00e7\u00e3o neste site apresenta para o grupo H10 a H13. O mesmo gr\u00e1fico lista o H12 entre os graus que n\u00e3o s\u00e3o normalizados e fornece a faixa de recozimento como 845 a 900 \u00b0C (1550 a 1650 \u00b0F) com uma taxa m\u00e1xima de resfriamento de 22 \u00b0C\/h (40 \u00b0F\/h).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qu\u00edmica do H12<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Elementos listados na ficha de refer\u00eancia, percentual<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Elemento<\/th>Percentual<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Carbono<\/td>0.35<\/td><\/tr>
Manganese<\/td>0.30<\/td><\/tr>
Silicon<\/td>1.00<\/td><\/tr>
Cromo<\/td>5.00<\/td><\/tr>
Molibd\u00eanio<\/td>1.60<\/td><\/tr>
Van\u00e1dio<\/td>0.30<\/td><\/tr>
Tungst\u00eanio<\/td>1.30<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fonte, informa\u00e7\u00e3o de refer\u00eancia de tratamento t\u00e9rmico para H12, p\u00e1gina impressa 187.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ficha apresenta um valor para cada elemento em vez de uma faixa de especifica\u00e7\u00e3o. Cobalto e enxofre aparecem na ficha sem valor correspondente e s\u00e3o omitidos da tabela em vez de mostrados como zero.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tungst\u00eanio a 1,30% e molibd\u00eanio a 1,60% s\u00e3o os dois valores que conferem a dureza a quente do grau. Carbono a 0,35% \u00e9 baixo para um a\u00e7o ferramenta, e isso \u00e9 deliberado, porque uma matriz para trabalho a quente precisa de tenacidade em temperatura mais do que precisa de alta dureza ap\u00f3s t\u00eampera. O gr\u00e1fico de composi\u00e7\u00e3o neste site lista o H12 como UNS T20812 com carbono de 0,30 a 0,40%, cromo de 4,75 a 5,50%, molibd\u00eanio de 1,25 a 1,75%, tungst\u00eanio de 1,00 a 1,70% e van\u00e1dio de 0,50% no m\u00e1ximo, portanto cada valor nesta ficha est\u00e1 dentro da faixa que a norma fornece ao grau. Cobalto e enxofre s\u00e3o impressos na ficha sem valor correspondente, portanto essas linhas s\u00e3o omitidas da tabela em vez de impressas como zero. Os dados de composi\u00e7\u00e3o na tabela s\u00e3o apenas para refer\u00eancia geral, os valores reais variam por norma, usina e n\u00famero de corrida, portanto confirme os valores com o certificado de ensaio do material da corrida ou consulte a Aobo Steel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00eampera do H12<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Pr\u00e9-aquecimento, temperatura de t\u00eampera e resfriamento<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Etapa<\/th>H12<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Pr\u00e9-aquecimento<\/td>1200 \u00b0F (650 \u00b0C)<\/td><\/tr>
Temperar<\/td>1850 \u00b0F (1010 \u00b0C)<\/td><\/tr>
Meio de t\u00eampera<\/td>Resfriamento ao ar<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fonte, informa\u00e7\u00e3o de refer\u00eancia de tratamento t\u00e9rmico para H12, p\u00e1gina impressa 187.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ficha apresenta uma temperatura de t\u00eampera e um meio de resfriamento para o grau, sem alternativa de \u00f3leo ou sal junto ao resfriamento ao ar. Seu pr\u00e9-aquecimento de 1200 \u00b0F (650 \u00b0C) est\u00e1 abaixo dos 1500 \u00b0F (815 \u00b0C) que o gr\u00e1fico de t\u00eampera e revenimento neste site apresenta para H11 e H12, e a ficha n\u00e3o atribui nenhuma condi\u00e7\u00e3o de tamanho \u00e0 etapa.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A t\u00eampera ocorre a 1850 \u00b0F (1010 \u00b0C) ao ar. Esse valor est\u00e1 dentro da faixa de 1825 a 1875 \u00b0F (995 a 1025 \u00b0C) que o gr\u00e1fico de t\u00eampera e revenimento neste site apresenta para H11 e H12, e os 15 a 40 minutos na temperatura e o resfriamento ao ar na mesma linha do gr\u00e1fico coincidem com o \u00fanico valor de t\u00eampera e o meio de resfriamento na ficha. O pr\u00e9-aquecimento \u00e9 o \u00fanico valor em que a ficha e o gr\u00e1fico discordam. A ficha apresenta 1200 \u00b0F (650 \u00b0C) e o gr\u00e1fico apresenta 1500 \u00b0F (815 \u00b0C) para o mesmo par de graus, e a ficha n\u00e3o marca a etapa como necess\u00e1ria apenas para se\u00e7\u00f5es pesadas. Um resfriamento ao ar evita que uma matriz com grande varia\u00e7\u00e3o de se\u00e7\u00e3o saia de dimens\u00e3o como faria um resfriamento l\u00edquido, e \u00e9 a raz\u00e3o pela qual o grau \u00e9 escolhido para ferramental de prensa em vez de para trabalho que pode suportar resfriamento em \u00f3leo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Resposta ao revenimento do H12<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Dureza deixada por cada temperatura de revenimento<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Revenimento, \u00b0F<\/th>\u00b0C<\/th>H12, HRC<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Ap\u00f3s a t\u00eampera<\/td>Sem revenimento<\/td>56<\/td><\/tr>
300<\/td>150<\/td>53<\/td><\/tr>
400<\/td>205<\/td>52<\/td><\/tr>
600<\/td>315<\/td>52<\/td><\/tr>
800<\/td>425<\/td>53<\/td><\/tr>
1000<\/td>540<\/td>54<\/td><\/tr>
1200<\/td>650<\/td>36<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fonte, informa\u00e7\u00e3o de refer\u00eancia de tratamento t\u00e9rmico para H12, p\u00e1gina impressa 187.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A ficha varia de 300 \u00b0F a 1200 \u00b0F e n\u00e3o apresenta linha de 500 \u00b0F. A primeira linha \u00e9 a dureza ap\u00f3s t\u00eampera, antes de qualquer revenimento.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A t\u00eampera deixa o grau com 56 HRC ap\u00f3s t\u00eampera, e o primeiro revenimento a 300 \u00b0F (150 \u00b0C) reduz para 53 HRC. A linha ent\u00e3o se mant\u00e9m em 52 HRC at\u00e9 400 \u00b0F e 600 \u00b0F (205 \u00b0C e 315 \u00b0C) e volta a subir para 53 HRC a 800 \u00b0F (425 \u00b0C) e 54 HRC a 1000 \u00b0F (540 \u00b0C), que \u00e9 o endurecimento secund\u00e1rio que os carbonetos de tungst\u00eanio e molibd\u00eanio trazem de volta \u00e0 solu\u00e7\u00e3o. Acima de 1000 \u00b0F a dureza cai rapidamente, para 36 HRC a 1200 \u00b0F (650 \u00b0C). O gr\u00e1fico de revenimento neste site apresenta 1000 a 1200 \u00b0F (538 a 649 \u00b0C) como a faixa de revenimento para H12 com dureza revenida de 55 a 38 HRC, e o gr\u00e1fico de tenacidade ao impacto fornece um revenimento \u00f3timo de 1000 \u00b0F (540 \u00b0C) para um resultado Charpy de 96 ft lb (130 J) a 54 HRC. A ficha cont\u00e9m um valor Rockwell C por linha e nenhum dado de impacto, portanto as duas fontes s\u00e3o lidas em conjunto antes de fixar um revenimento. O gr\u00e1fico de dureza a quente neste site mostra o H12 de 54 HRC \u00e0 temperatura ambiente a 22 HRC a 650 \u00b0C (1200 \u00b0F), e a parte \u00edngreme dessa queda situa-se entre 540 \u00b0C e 650 \u00b0C, que \u00e9 a faixa que uma matriz atinge na fundi\u00e7\u00e3o sob press\u00e3o de alum\u00ednio e magn\u00e9sio. A p\u00e1gina de fundi\u00e7\u00e3o sob press\u00e3o neste site lista H11 e H12 como as alternativas ao H13 para esses dois metais. A ficha coloca a dureza ap\u00f3s t\u00eampera em 56 HRC onde o gr\u00e1fico de dureza a quente apresenta 54 HRC \u00e0 temperatura ambiente, e esses dois valores v\u00eam de fontes diferentes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

Tratamento T\u00e9rmico do A\u00e7o Ferramenta H12, PDF para impress\u00e3o<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

A qu\u00edmica, o ciclo de t\u00eampera e a resposta ao revenimento do H12 desta p\u00e1gina em um PDF, com nossos dados de contato.<\/p>\n\n

\n
Baixar PDF, 372 KB<\/a><\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Dados de refer\u00eancia relacionados<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

O grau mais pr\u00f3ximo no mesmo grupo \u00e9 o H11 e seu ciclo est\u00e1 na p\u00e1gina de tratamento t\u00e9rmico do a\u00e7o ferramenta H11<\/a>. Os graus de trabalho a quente ao tungst\u00eanio e os trabalhos a que se destinam est\u00e3o na p\u00e1gina de a\u00e7o ferramenta para trabalho a quente<\/a>. As faixas de t\u00eampera e revenimento entre os grupos est\u00e3o na tabela de t\u00eampera e revenimento de a\u00e7o para ferramentas<\/a>, a faixa de composi\u00e7\u00e3o do H12 est\u00e1 na Tabela de composi\u00e7\u00e3o de a\u00e7os para ferramentas<\/a>, sua linha de dureza a quente est\u00e1 na tabela de dureza a quente do a\u00e7o ferramenta<\/a>, sua dureza recozida e taxa de resfriamento est\u00e3o em gr\u00e1fico de temperaturas de recozimento e normaliza\u00e7\u00e3o de a\u00e7o ferramenta<\/a>, e o revenimento em que mant\u00e9m sua tenacidade est\u00e1 na Tabela de tenacidade ao impacto do a\u00e7o ferramenta<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dados de refer\u00eancia compilados de Heat Treatment, Selection, and Application of Tool Steels (William E. Bryson, segunda edi\u00e7\u00e3o, Hanser). A qu\u00edmica, o ciclo de t\u00eampera e a resposta ao revenimento do H12 v\u00eam da informa\u00e7\u00e3o de refer\u00eancia de tratamento t\u00e9rmico na p\u00e1gina impressa 187.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

H12 Tool Steel Heat Treatment H12 is the 5% chromium hot work grade that carries tungsten, and the figures below are what a shop needs to put the grade through a furnace. The hardening temperature, the quench medium and the hardness left by each tempering temperature are set out as the source card publishes them. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"normal-width-container","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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Tool Steel Heat Treatment H12 is the 5% chromium hot work grade that carries tungsten, and the figures below are what a shop needs to put the grade through a furnace. 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