{"id":19291,"date":"2026-09-19T07:35:21","date_gmt":"2026-09-18T23:35:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/?page_id=19291"},"modified":"2026-10-22T12:10:53","modified_gmt":"2026-10-22T04:10:53","slug":"minimum-thickness-for-hardness-testing","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/pt\/minimum-thickness-for-hardness-testing\/","title":{"rendered":"Espessura m\u00ednima para ensaio de dureza em a\u00e7o para ferramentas"},"content":{"rendered":"

Espessura m\u00ednima para ensaio de dureza em a\u00e7o para ferramentas<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

Um ensaio de dureza pressiona um penetrador contra a pe\u00e7a, e o material ao redor da impress\u00e3o \u00e9 deformado junto. Se a pe\u00e7a for muito fina para a carga, a leitura deixa de ser a dureza do material. Esta p\u00e1gina apresenta os limites de espessura publicados para cada carga Rockwell e Brinell.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A regra por tr\u00e1s dos limites<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

A tabela segue uma espessura de pelo menos dez vezes a profundidade da impress\u00e3o para penetradores de diamante e quinze vezes para penetradores de esfera. Os valores publicados foram estabelecidos em a\u00e7o de baixo carbono e em tira de a\u00e7o temperada e revenida, portanto s\u00e3o um guia verificado contra dados de ensaio, e n\u00e3o um limite te\u00f3rico.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um n\u00famero Rockwell equivale a 0,002 mm de profundidade nas escalas padr\u00e3o e 0,001 mm nas escalas superficiais. Uma leitura de 60 HRC, portanto, significa que o penetrador avan\u00e7ou 0,08 mm na pe\u00e7a entre a carga menor e a carga maior, e os limites abaixo s\u00e3o essa aritm\u00e9tica aplicada a cada escala.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Material mais fino que a \u00faltima linha da tabela deve ser ensaiado por um m\u00e9todo de microindenta\u00e7\u00e3o. Para um penetrador Vickers, a pe\u00e7a deve ter pelo menos 1,5 vez a diagonal da impress\u00e3o de espessura, e para um penetrador Knoop, pelo menos metade da diagonal longa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ap\u00f3s o primeiro ensaio, examine a face diretamente abaixo da impress\u00e3o. Uma sali\u00eancia ou marca na face inferior \u00e9 o efeito da bigorna, o que significa que a pe\u00e7a \u00e9 muito fina para essa carga e a pr\u00f3xima escala mais leve deve ser usada. Inspecione tamb\u00e9m a bigorna, porque uma superf\u00edcie de bigorna danificada puxa as leituras seguintes para baixo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Empilhar corpos de prova finos para ganhar espessura n\u00e3o \u00e9 permitido, porque as pe\u00e7as deslizam entre si. Onde mais de uma escala ainda se qualifica, use a carga mais pesada, porque a impress\u00e3o maior cobre mais do material e retorna um valor mais representativo da pe\u00e7a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dureza m\u00ednima para ensaio Rockwell em cada espessura<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Leia a linha correspondente \u00e0 espessura da pe\u00e7a. Se a pe\u00e7a for mais dura que o valor naquela coluna, a escala e a carga n\u00e3o podem ser usadas com seguran\u00e7a e a pr\u00f3xima escala mais leve deve ser escolhida.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Grossura
mm<\/th>		Grossura
em.<\/th>		A
60 kgf<\/th>		D
100 kgf<\/th>		C
150 kgf<\/th>		15N
15 kgf<\/th>		30N
30 kgf<\/th>		45N
45 kgf<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
0.127<\/td>0.005<\/td>\u2026<\/td>\u2026<\/td>\u2026<\/td>\u2026<\/td>\u2026<\/td>\u2026<\/td><\/tr>
0.152<\/td>0.006<\/td>\u2026<\/td>\u2026<\/td>\u2026<\/td>92<\/td>\u2026<\/td>\u2026<\/td><\/tr>
0.203<\/td>0.008<\/td>\u2026<\/td>\u2026<\/td>\u2026<\/td>90<\/td>\u2026<\/td>\u2026<\/td><\/tr>
0.254<\/td>0.010<\/td>\u2026<\/td>\u2026<\/td>\u2026<\/td>88<\/td>\u2026<\/td>\u2026<\/td><\/tr>
0.305<\/td>0.012<\/td>\u2026<\/td>\u2026<\/td>\u2026<\/td>83<\/td>82<\/td>77<\/td><\/tr>
0.356<\/td>0.014<\/td>\u2026<\/td>\u2026<\/td>\u2026<\/td>76<\/td>78.5<\/td>74<\/td><\/tr>
0.381<\/td>0.015<\/td>\u2026<\/td>\u2026<\/td>\u2026<\/td>\u2026<\/td>\u2026<\/td>\u2026<\/td><\/tr>
0.406<\/td>0.016<\/td>86<\/td>\u2026<\/td>\u2026<\/td>68<\/td>74<\/td>72<\/td><\/tr>
0.457<\/td>0.018<\/td>84<\/td>\u2026<\/td>\u2026<\/td>(a)<\/td>66<\/td>68<\/td><\/tr>
0.508<\/td>0.020<\/td>82<\/td>77<\/td>\u2026<\/td>(a)<\/td>57<\/td>63<\/td><\/tr>
0.559<\/td>0.022<\/td>78<\/td>75<\/td>69<\/td>(a)<\/td>47<\/td>58<\/td><\/tr>
0.610<\/td>0.024<\/td>76<\/td>72<\/td>67<\/td>(a)<\/td>(a)<\/td>51<\/td><\/tr>
0.635<\/td>0.025<\/td>\u2026<\/td>\u2026<\/td>\u2026<\/td>(a)<\/td>(a)<\/td>\u2026<\/td><\/tr>
0.660<\/td>0.026<\/td>71<\/td>68<\/td>65<\/td>(a)<\/td>(a)<\/td>37<\/td><\/tr>
0.711<\/td>0.028<\/td>67<\/td>63<\/td>62<\/td>(a)<\/td>(a)<\/td>20<\/td><\/tr>
0.762<\/td>0.030<\/td>60<\/td>58<\/td>57<\/td>(a)<\/td>(a)<\/td>(a)<\/td><\/tr>
0.813<\/td>0.032<\/td>(a)<\/td>51<\/td>52<\/td>(a)<\/td>(a)<\/td>(a)<\/td><\/tr>
0.864<\/td>0.034<\/td>(a)<\/td>43<\/td>45<\/td>(a)<\/td>(a)<\/td>(a)<\/td><\/tr>
0.889<\/td>0.035<\/td>\u2026<\/td>\u2026<\/td>\u2026<\/td>(a)<\/td>(a)<\/td>(a)<\/td><\/tr>
0.914<\/td>0.036<\/td>(a)<\/td>(a)<\/td>37<\/td>(a)<\/td>(a)<\/td>(a)<\/td><\/tr>
0.965<\/td>0.038<\/td>(a)<\/td>(a)<\/td>28<\/td>(a)<\/td>(a)<\/td>(a)<\/td><\/tr>
1.016<\/td>0.040<\/td>(a)<\/td>(a)<\/td>20<\/td>(a)<\/td>(a)<\/td>(a)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fonte: ASM Handbook, Vol. 8, valores m\u00ednimos de dureza do metal de trabalho para ensaio de diversas espessuras de metais com dur\u00f4metros Rockwell padr\u00e3o e superficial. (a) significa sem dureza m\u00ednima para metal de espessura igual ou maior. A tabela de origem tamb\u00e9m traz as colunas de penetrador de esfera para as escalas B, F, G, 15T, 30T e 45T, que se aplicam a metais macios como ligas de cobre e alum\u00ednio e n\u00e3o s\u00e3o reproduzidas aqui.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Exemplo pr\u00e1tico para uma tira endurecida fina<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

O caso que decide em qual escala uma se\u00e7\u00e3o fina endurecida pode ser ensaiada \u00e9 uma tira de a\u00e7o para ferramentas de 0,36 mm (0,014 in.) a 63 HRC, que \u00e9 fina demais para a escala C.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Um valor de 63 HRC precisa de cerca de 0,71 mm (0,028 in.) de espessura para um ensaio v\u00e1lido na escala C, portanto a tira n\u00e3o pode ser ensaiada nessa escala. Convertido para as escalas superficiais, 63 HRC \u00e9 cerca de 69,9 HR45N, 80,1 HR30N e 91,4 HR15N.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A escala 45N est\u00e1 descartada, porque a tabela exige pelo menos 74 HR45N nessa espessura. A escala 30N exige pelo menos 80 HR30N e a escala 15N pelo menos 76 HR15N, portanto qualquer uma das duas pode ser usada.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Entre as duas, a 30N \u00e9 a melhor escolha. Um ponto de dureza na escala 30N equivale a cerca de meio ponto na escala 15N na faixa de a\u00e7o duro, portanto a escala 30N separa melhor pequenas diferen\u00e7as.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Espessura m\u00ednima para ensaio Brinell<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

A esfera Brinell deixa uma impress\u00e3o maior e mais profunda que o penetrador Rockwell, portanto o limite de espessura chega mais cedo. A tabela fornece a dureza m\u00ednima que pode ser ensaiada com seguran\u00e7a em duas espessuras de corpo de prova com uma esfera de 10 mm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Espessura m\u00ednima
mm<\/th>		Espessura m\u00ednima
em.<\/th>		3000 kgf
load<\/th>		1500 kgf
load<\/th>		500 kgf
load<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
1.6<\/td>0.0625<\/td>602<\/td>301<\/td>100<\/td><\/tr>
3.2<\/td>0.125<\/td>301<\/td>150<\/td>50<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fonte: ASM Handbook, Vol. 8, requisitos de espessura m\u00ednima para ensaios de dureza Brinell. Um corpo de prova deve ter pelo menos dez vezes a profundidade da impress\u00e3o de espessura, o que \u00e9 3,2 mm (0,125 in.) para uma leitura de 300 HB a 3000 kgf. Material acima de 375 HB, cerca de 40 HRC, passa para a escala Rockwell C ou para Vickers.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Onde os limites importam no a\u00e7o para ferramentas<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Estoque para facas, facas de corte, matrizes de cal\u00e7o e l\u00e2minas de serra chegam endurecidos e finos. A escala C geralmente est\u00e1 descartada no \u00faltimo sobremetal de retifica\u00e7\u00e3o, e as escalas N superficiais s\u00e3o o m\u00e9todo que permanece v\u00e1lido.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A mesma l\u00f3gica de espessura se aplica a uma camada nitretada ou temperada por indu\u00e7\u00e3o. Uma carga que atravessa a camada l\u00ea a dureza do n\u00facleo, e o valor retorna baixo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A leitura deve ser feita em uma superf\u00edcie plana retificada, longe da borda cisalhada ou cortada a laser, e em material abaixo da camada descarbonetada. O preparo de superf\u00edcie que aquece ou encrua a superf\u00edcie altera o valor que retorna.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Antes de citar um valor de dureza<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Os limites nesta p\u00e1gina pressup\u00f5em um corpo de prova limpo, plano e paralelo. Um raio, uma rebarba, uma borda cisalhada ou uma bigorna danificada alteram o resultado, e o menor desses efeitos \u00e9 maior que a toler\u00e2ncia do pr\u00f3prio ensaio.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Os valores s\u00e3o dados de refer\u00eancia publicados. Confirme os crit\u00e9rios de aceita\u00e7\u00e3o, a escala e o local do ensaio conforme a norma que rege seu pr\u00f3prio produto, e mantenha a leitura dentro da faixa v\u00e1lida da escala escolhida.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u00e1ginas de refer\u00eancia relacionadas neste site: Fatores de corre\u00e7\u00e3o do ensaio de dureza para barras redondas<\/a>, M\u00e9todos de teste de dureza<\/a>, Calculadora de convers\u00e3o de dureza do a\u00e7o ferramenta<\/a>, Verifica\u00e7\u00e3o de qualidade do a\u00e7o ferramenta<\/a>, Fornecimento de a\u00e7o para ferramentas<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fonte: ASM Handbook, Volume 8, Mechanical Testing and Evaluation (ASM International), artigo Macroindentation Hardness Testing de Edward L. Tobolski, Wilson Instruments Division, Instron Corporation e Andrew Fee, Consultor, e artigo Selection and Industrial Applications of Hardness Tests de Andrew Fee, Consultor. Valores reproduzidos apenas para refer\u00eancia. A Aobo Steel fornece a\u00e7o para ferramentas na condi\u00e7\u00e3o recozida.<\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Minimum Thickness for Hardness Testing Tool Steel A hardness test presses an indenter into the part, and the material around the indentation is deformed with it. If the part is too thin for the load, the reading is no longer the hardness of the material. This page carries the published thickness limits for each Rockwell […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"normal-width-container","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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Steel<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Minimum workpiece thickness for Rockwell and Brinell hardness testing at each scale and load, with the worked example for a 0.36 mm hardened tool steel strip.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/pt\/minimum-thickness-for-hardness-testing\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_BR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Minimum Thickness for Hardness Testing Tool Steel\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Minimum workpiece thickness for Rockwell and Brinell hardness testing at each scale and load, with the worked example for a 0.36 mm hardened tool steel strip.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/pt\/minimum-thickness-for-hardness-testing\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" 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Thickness for Hardness Testing Tool Steel A hardness test presses an indenter into the part, and the material around the indentation is deformed with it. If the part is too thin for the load, the reading is no longer the hardness of the material. This page carries the published thickness limits for each Rockwell…","rttpg_featured_image_url":null,"rttpg_author":{"display_name":"Evan","author_link":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/pt\/blog\/author\/admin\/"},"rttpg_comment":0,"rttpg_category":null,"rttpg_excerpt":"Minimum Thickness for Hardness Testing Tool Steel A hardness test presses an indenter into the part, and the material around the indentation is deformed with it. If the part is too thin for the load, the reading is no longer the hardness of the material. This page carries the published thickness limits for each Rockwell…","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/19291","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19291"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/19291\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24084,"href":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/19291\/revisions\/24084"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19291"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}