{"id":18551,"date":"2026-09-16T15:28:37","date_gmt":"2026-09-16T07:28:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/?page_id=18551"},"modified":"2026-10-26T07:49:24","modified_gmt":"2026-10-25T23:49:24","slug":"springback-and-bend-allowance","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/pt\/springback-and-bend-allowance\/","title":{"rendered":"Retorno el\u00e1stico e toler\u00e2ncia de dobra em dobramento"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\" style=\"font-size:36px\">Retorno el\u00e1stico e toler\u00e2ncia de dobra no dobramento em prensa<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Toda dobra devolve parte de seu \u00e2ngulo quando a carga \u00e9 removida, e o blank deve ser desenvolvido para o comprimento que a dobra realmente ocupa. Esta p\u00e1gina re\u00fane as regras do eixo neutro por tr\u00e1s da toler\u00e2ncia de dobra, os fatores que determinam quanto uma dobra retorna elasticamente e os m\u00e9todos de matriz que mant\u00eam o \u00e2ngulo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Toler\u00e2ncia de dobra e o eixo neutro<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A toler\u00e2ncia de dobra exata \u00e9 o comprimento do arco do verdadeiro eixo neutro, e o pr\u00f3prio eixo neutro s\u00f3 pode ser aproximado, portanto a pr\u00e1tica se baseia em um conjunto de premissas de trabalho.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Caso<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Premissa de trabalho<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Raio interno abaixo de duas vezes a espessura do material<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Assume-se que o eixo neutro fica a 1\/3 da espessura do material a partir do raio interno da dobra.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Raio interno de duas vezes a espessura do material e acima<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Assume-se que o eixo neutro fica a 1\/2 da espessura do material a partir do raio interno.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Faixa relatada por muitos especialistas<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">O verdadeiro eixo neutro se desloca entre 0,2 e 0,5 vezes a espessura do material a partir do raio interno.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>O metal \u00e9 esticado acima do eixo neutro e comprimido abaixo dele, e a posi\u00e7\u00e3o do eixo se desloca com o m\u00e9todo de dobramento. Uma dobra feita por uma aba firmemente arrastada precisa de menos metal do que uma dobra a ar em uma prensa dobradeira, porque o arraste estica o metal.<\/li>\n\n<li>O comprimento exato de uma dobra \u00e9 determinado por tentativa e erro, o que tamb\u00e9m explica por que estampagens de toler\u00e2ncia estreita s\u00e3o desenvolvidas na prensa e n\u00e3o no papel.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">\u00c2ngulo de dobra<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Coeficiente<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Como \u00e9 usado<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Dobras de 90 graus<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">1.57<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">O n\u00famero de radianos em 90 graus, multiplicado pelo eixo neutro assumido.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Dobras em outros \u00e2ngulos<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">0,0175 por grau<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Multiplique o n\u00famero de graus de dobra por 0,0175, o n\u00famero de radianos em um grau, e use o resultado no lugar de 1,57.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Retorno el\u00e1stico\n O retorno el\u00e1stico \u00e9 a recupera\u00e7\u00e3o el\u00e1stica, causada pela tens\u00e3o residual deixada no metal pelo trabalho a frio. Em uma dobra simples, a parte interna carrega tens\u00e3o residual de compress\u00e3o e a parte externa carrega tens\u00e3o residual de tra\u00e7\u00e3o, e quando a press\u00e3o \u00e9 liberada o metal retorna elasticamente at\u00e9 que as for\u00e7as de tens\u00e3o residual sejam equilibradas pela rigidez do material.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-1b2ccf01 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#f4f8ff;margin-bottom:22px;padding-top:22px;padding-right:26px;padding-bottom:20px;padding-left:26px\">\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:22px\">O que rigidez significa aqui<\/h3>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A rigidez \u00e9 fun\u00e7\u00e3o do m\u00f3dulo de elasticidade, e \u00e9 por isso que o a\u00e7o carbono comum, com um m\u00f3dulo alto em rela\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 sua resist\u00eancia \u00e0 tra\u00e7\u00e3o, retorna elasticamente menos do que um material com m\u00f3dulo mais baixo em um n\u00edvel de resist\u00eancia compar\u00e1vel.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A quantidade de retorno el\u00e1stico \u00e9 dif\u00edcil de prever. Para trabalhos de toler\u00e2ncia estreita, o valor para um material e m\u00e9todo de conforma\u00e7\u00e3o espec\u00edficos \u00e9 desenvolvido sob condi\u00e7\u00f5es reais de produ\u00e7\u00e3o, e se a compensa\u00e7\u00e3o for omitida na matriz, ela \u00e9 corrigida posteriormente pela oficina de reparos. O retorno el\u00e1stico por tr\u00e1s de uma grande folga de a\u00e7o de arraste pode chegar a v\u00e1rios graus ou mais.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Fator<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Por que aumenta o retorno el\u00e1stico<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Maior resist\u00eancia do material<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Mais tens\u00e3o permanece travada na dobra.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Material mais fino<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Menos se\u00e7\u00e3o para manter a dobra.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">M\u00f3dulo de elasticidade mais baixo<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">O material recupera mais da deforma\u00e7\u00e3o quando a carga \u00e9 removida.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Raio de matriz maior<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Um arco mais longo armazena mais energia el\u00e1stica.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Maior folga de a\u00e7o de arraste<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">A dobra \u00e9 trabalhada menos, ent\u00e3o menos do retorno el\u00e1stico \u00e9 eliminado na ferramenta.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Menos irregularidade no contorno da pe\u00e7a<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Uma aba com contorno ou superf\u00edcie irregular mant\u00e9m um leve retorno el\u00e1stico.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Contorno de superf\u00edcie mais plano<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">O mesmo efeito ao longo do comprimento da dobra.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As tr\u00eas maneiras de manter uma dobra no \u00e2ngulo<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A ferramenta dobra al\u00e9m do \u00e2ngulo, pressiona a dobra at\u00e9 o fundo ou arrasta a aba contra um raio controlado.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-1b2ccf01 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#f4f8ff;margin-bottom:22px;padding-top:22px;padding-right:26px;padding-bottom:20px;padding-left:26px\">\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:22px\">Dobramento excessivo<\/h3>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O m\u00e9todo mais comum \u00e9 o dobramento excessivo. O material \u00e9 dobrado al\u00e9m do \u00e2ngulo desejado e deixado retornar elasticamente at\u00e9 o alvo. O dobramento a ar, a opera\u00e7\u00e3o mais simples das tr\u00eas, precisa da menor tonelagem para o trabalho que realiza e depende da repetibilidade exata do curso do martelo, ent\u00e3o a quantidade de curso excessivo \u00e9 definida experimentalmente.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O dobramento excessivo sozinho n\u00e3o mant\u00e9m uma dobra em um material que varia, e \u00e9 a\u00ed que entram os dois m\u00e9todos abaixo.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-1b2ccf01 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#f4f8ff;margin-bottom:22px;padding-top:22px;padding-right:26px;padding-bottom:20px;padding-left:26px\">\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:22px\">Cunhagem<\/h3>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A cunhagem, tamb\u00e9m chamada de dobramento de fundo, leva toda a espessura do metal at\u00e9 o limite de escoamento na \u00e1rea da dobra. Produz dobras n\u00edtidas e precisas com menos sensibilidade \u00e0s condi\u00e7\u00f5es do material do que o dobramento a ar, e elimina as tens\u00f5es residuais que causam o retorno el\u00e1stico em primeiro lugar.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O pre\u00e7o \u00e9 for\u00e7a e desgaste da matriz. A cunhagem pode precisar de cinco a dez vezes a tonelagem do dobramento a ar simples, a deflex\u00e3o da m\u00e1quina cresce com a tonelagem e a matriz se desgasta mais r\u00e1pido. Onde uma dobra precisa ser precisa ao longo de todo o seu comprimento, o ajuste do martelo pode n\u00e3o ser suficiente e a mesa precisa ser cal\u00e7ada. O a\u00e7o para ferramentas de uma matriz de cunhagem \u00e9 uma lista pr\u00f3pria, apresentada na <a href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/pt\/selection-of-steels-for-coining-dies\/\">p\u00e1gina de sele\u00e7\u00e3o de matrizes de cunhagem<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-1b2ccf01 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#f4f8ff;margin-bottom:22px;padding-top:22px;padding-right:26px;padding-bottom:20px;padding-left:26px\">\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:22px\">Arraste de abas e o m\u00e9todo melhorado<\/h3>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O m\u00e9todo comum de conter o retorno el\u00e1stico em uma aba arrastada \u00e9 cunhar o topo da dobra com o a\u00e7o da aba. Seu limite \u00e9 a compensa\u00e7\u00e3o que pode suportar, o que deixa um \u00e2ngulo de dobra distorcido em alguns trabalhos. A cunhagem tamb\u00e9m deixa uma marca que pode enfraquecer a estampagem, e se a press\u00e3o for excessiva o metal no topo da dobra se extrusa para uma condi\u00e7\u00e3o fraca e distorcida.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O m\u00e9todo melhor alivia o raio no a\u00e7o da aba para que ele nunca toque o topo do raio da dobra. Uma maneira \u00e9 aliviar o a\u00e7o da aba a cerca de 20 graus tangente ao raio. Outra \u00e9 usin\u00e1-lo para um raio maior que o exterior da dobra. O a\u00e7o da aba \u00e9 ent\u00e3o posicionado de modo que o ponto mais apertado fique 45 a 60 graus al\u00e9m do topo do raio, e o lado do a\u00e7o de conforma\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 aliviado em 5 graus ou mais para que o material possa ser dobrado em excesso. O resultado \u00e9 mais tolerante ao ajuste da prensa e \u00e0 varia\u00e7\u00e3o do material do que cunhar o topo da dobra.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O que faz o \u00e2ngulo de dobra se deslocar<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Uma vez que a ferramenta est\u00e1 correta, a varia\u00e7\u00e3o restante vem da prensa, do material e do ambiente.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Causa<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">O que faz com a dobra<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Mudan\u00e7as no limite de escoamento do material<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Um lote diferente dobra em um \u00e2ngulo diferente no mesmo ajuste.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Varia\u00e7\u00e3o na espessura do material<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">A espessura desloca o eixo neutro e a tonelagem em conjunto.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Varia\u00e7\u00e3o da m\u00e1quina por mudan\u00e7as de temperatura<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">A prensa n\u00e3o \u00e9 a mesma m\u00e1quina no final de uma longa produ\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Deflex\u00e3o da m\u00e1quina<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Mais vis\u00edvel em mesas longas de dobradeira, onde o meio da dobra cede mais que as extremidades.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-1b2ccf01 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#f4f8ff;margin-bottom:22px;padding-top:22px;padding-right:26px;padding-bottom:20px;padding-left:26px\">\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:22px\">Compensa\u00e7\u00e3o<\/h3>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Uma mudan\u00e7a em qualquer condi\u00e7\u00e3o que afete o \u00e2ngulo de dobra \u00e9 normalmente respondida com um ajuste do curso do carneiro, e a deflex\u00e3o da mesa da dobradeira \u00e9 respondida com cal\u00e7os. Algumas dobradeiras possuem dispositivos autom\u00e1ticos de compensa\u00e7\u00e3o de deflex\u00e3o, como cilindros hidr\u00e1ulicos embutidos na mesa. Onde \u00e9 necess\u00e1ria alta for\u00e7a devido a material mais espesso ou mais duro, um simples ajuste do carneiro pode n\u00e3o ser suficiente.<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Notas sobre matrizes de conforma\u00e7\u00e3o do mesmo cap\u00edtulo<\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O lado de conforma\u00e7\u00e3o das ferramentas de prensa \u00e9 projetado em torno do mesmo comportamento el\u00e1stico, e a fonte fornece um curto conjunto de regras para a pr\u00f3pria ferramenta.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>O raio a ser conformado deve ser de pelo menos duas vezes a espessura do metal, para manter a concentra\u00e7\u00e3o de tens\u00f5es fora da pe\u00e7a.<\/li>\n\n<li>Os blocos de conforma\u00e7\u00e3o s\u00e3o feitos mais largos que a pe\u00e7a, e sua altura segue uma propor\u00e7\u00e3o aproximada de 1 para 1,5.<\/li>\n\n<li>Uma matriz de conforma\u00e7\u00e3o maci\u00e7a exerce grande press\u00e3o lateral sobre o bloco da matriz f\u00eamea. Uma op\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 um bloco f\u00eamea feito de duas pe\u00e7as de a\u00e7o para ferramentas unidas por tirantes pr\u00e9-tensionados, o que tamb\u00e9m protege a ferramenta se um blank duplo for alimentado. Um al\u00edvio sob o centro do bloco transfere grande parte da deforma\u00e7\u00e3o de tra\u00e7\u00e3o para a base mais robusta.<\/li>\n\n<li>Onde press\u00f5es de cunhagem s\u00e3o atingidas, operar a matriz em uma prensa hidr\u00e1ulica limita a press\u00e3o aplicada a ela.<\/li>\n\n<li>Um bom polimento nos blocos de conforma\u00e7\u00e3o protege a superf\u00edcie da estampagem, e o <a href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/pt\/surface-roughness-chart\/\">tabela de rugosidade superficial<\/a> cobre os acabamentos pelos quais o trabalho \u00e9 medido.<\/li>\n\n<li>O pun\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 feito de um bom grau de a\u00e7o para ferramentas, tratado termicamente para tenacidade. A fonte indica S5 ou S7 como boas escolhas para trabalho severo, e a <a href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/pt\/s7-tool-steel\/\">p\u00e1gina do S7<\/a> cobre o grau em detalhe. A fam\u00edlia de conforma\u00e7\u00e3o e dobra como um todo est\u00e1 reunida em <a href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/pt\/tool-steel-for-forming-drawing-bending-dies\/\">matrizes de conforma\u00e7\u00e3o, estampagem profunda e dobra<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:28px\">O flangeamento de furos \u00e9 o mesmo problema a 90 graus<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Um flange formado ao redor de um furo previamente puncionado a 90 graus \u00e9 um flange esticado nesse \u00e2ngulo, e o tamanho do furo puncionado \u00e9 calculado com os mesmos princ\u00edpios de uma dobra a 90 graus. Um flange esticado mais de 2,5 vezes a espessura do metal em altura pode romper. Rebarbar a borda do furo antes da opera\u00e7\u00e3o de extrus\u00e3o ajuda, e cunhar a borda do furo \u00e9 uma boa maneira de refor\u00e7\u00e1-la, particularmente em trabalho com matriz progressiva.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:28px\">Qual a\u00e7o a ferramenta exige<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Matrizes de dobra e conforma\u00e7\u00e3o s\u00e3o escolhidas com a mesma base do restante das ferramentas de prensa, com desgaste de um lado e tenacidade do outro. A lista para esta classe de ferramenta est\u00e1 na <a href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/pt\/selection-of-tool-steel-for-bending-and-forming-dies\/\">p\u00e1gina de sele\u00e7\u00e3o de matrizes de dobra e conforma\u00e7\u00e3o<\/a>, e a fam\u00edlia mais ampla est\u00e1 reunida em <a href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/pt\/cold-work-tool-steels\/\">a\u00e7os para ferramentas de trabalho a frio<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-1b2ccf01 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#f4f8ff;margin-bottom:22px;padding-top:22px;padding-right:26px;padding-bottom:20px;padding-left:26px\">\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:22px\">Confirme antes de fornecer um or\u00e7amento.<\/h3>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Estes n\u00fameros s\u00e3o apenas para refer\u00eancia geral. O retorno el\u00e1stico e a toler\u00e2ncia de dobra variam com o material, a ferramenta e a prensa, e a fonte recomenda tentativa e erro para trabalho de toler\u00e2ncia estreita. Confirme com seu pr\u00f3prio teste ou entre em contato com a Aobo Steel.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-1b2ccf01 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#f4f8ff;margin-bottom:22px;padding-top:22px;padding-right:26px;padding-bottom:20px;padding-left:26px\">\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:22px\">P\u00e1ginas de refer\u00eancia relacionadas<\/h3>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/pt\/die-clearance-and-cutting-force-chart\/\">Folga da matriz e for\u00e7a de corte<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/pt\/deep-drawing-clearance-and-radii-chart\/\">Folga e raios de estampagem profunda<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/pt\/how-to-select-tool-steels\/\">Como selecionar a\u00e7os para ferramentas<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/pt\/tool-steels\/\">Fornecimento de a\u00e7o para ferramentas<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Fontes: Fundamentals of Tool Design, Sixth Edition (Society of Manufacturing Engineers, 2010), Cap\u00edtulo 8, as se\u00e7\u00f5es de dobra, retorno el\u00e1stico, dobra a ar, cunhagem, flangeamento por arraste, projeto de matriz de conforma\u00e7\u00e3o e flangeamento de furos, com Figuras 8-15 a 8-23. Dados de refer\u00eancia apenas para compara\u00e7\u00e3o. Confirme a toler\u00e2ncia de dobra e a compensa\u00e7\u00e3o do retorno el\u00e1stico com sua ferramentaria antes da produ\u00e7\u00e3o. A Aobo Steel fornece a\u00e7o para ferramentas na condi\u00e7\u00e3o recozida.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Springback and Bend Allowance in Press Bending Every bend gives part of its angle back when the load comes off, and the blank has to be developed for the length the bend actually takes. 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[&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"normal-width-container","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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