{"id":18513,"date":"2026-09-16T06:18:21","date_gmt":"2026-09-15T22:18:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/?page_id=18513"},"modified":"2026-10-21T10:48:26","modified_gmt":"2026-10-21T02:48:26","slug":"tool-steel-carbide-types-and-hardness","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/pt\/tool-steel-carbide-types-and-hardness\/","title":{"rendered":"Tipos de carboneto e dureza em a\u00e7os para ferramentas"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tipos de carboneto e dureza em a\u00e7os para ferramentas<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

As part\u00edculas que conferem resist\u00eancia ao desgaste a um a\u00e7o para ferramentas s\u00e3o carbonetos de liga, e cada tipo tem sua pr\u00f3pria qu\u00edmica, estrutura cristalina e dureza. Esta p\u00e1gina lista os carbonetos encontrados em a\u00e7os para ferramentas de trabalho a frio e a\u00e7o r\u00e1pido, a dureza que cada um atinge, o teor de liga que o proporciona, e a forma como o tipo, tamanho e distribui\u00e7\u00e3o do carboneto determinam o que a ferramenta acabada suportar\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tipos de carboneto, estrutura cristalina e dureza<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Os carbonetos s\u00e3o apresentados na nota\u00e7\u00e3o MxCy usada para carbonetos complexos, onde o lado met\u00e1lico \u00e9 uma mistura rica em um elemento em vez de um composto puro. A linha da martensita \u00e9 a matriz endurecida na qual os carbonetos est\u00e3o inseridos, mostrada para escala.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Carboneto<\/th>Elemento principal<\/th>Carboneto puro<\/th>Sistema cristalino<\/th>Par\u00e2metros de rede<\/th>Dureza<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
MC<\/td>Ni\u00f3bio<\/td>NbC<\/td>C\u00fabica de face centrada<\/td>a = 4.47 \u00c5<\/td>2300 HV<\/td><\/tr>
MC<\/td>Van\u00e1dio<\/td>V4C3<\/td>C\u00fabica<\/td>a = 4.16 \u00c5<\/td>2000 HV<\/td><\/tr>
M2C<\/td>Molibd\u00eanio<\/td>Mo2C<\/td>Hexagonal<\/td>a = 3.01 \u00c5, c = 4.74 \u00c5<\/td>1800 HV<\/td><\/tr>
M7C3<\/td>Cromo<\/td>Cr7C3<\/td>Hexagonal<\/td>a = 13.90 \u00c5, c = 4.52 \u00c5<\/td>1600 HV<\/td><\/tr>
M6C<\/td>Tungst\u00eanio ou molibd\u00eanio<\/td>Fe3Mo3C<\/td>C\u00fabica<\/td>a = 11.12 \u00c5<\/td>1500 AT<\/td><\/tr>
M3C<\/td>Ferro<\/td>Fe3C<\/td>Ortorr\u00f4mbica<\/td>a = 5.06 \u00c5, b = 6.74 \u00c5, c = 4.50 \u00c5<\/td>1100 HV<\/td><\/tr>
Martensita<\/td>Refer\u00eancia da matriz<\/td>A\u00e7o com 0,8% C<\/td>Tetragonal<\/td>a = 2.85 \u00c5, c = 2.95 \u00c5<\/td>900 HV<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fonte: Tool Steels, Properties and Performance (R. A. Mesquita, CRC Press), Tabela 5.2, que re\u00fane os valores das refer\u00eancias de cristalografia e dureza ali listadas. Os par\u00e2metros de rede s\u00e3o valores \u00e0 temperatura ambiente para o carboneto puro.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qual elemento ret\u00e9m seu carbono com mais for\u00e7a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A energia livre de forma\u00e7\u00e3o classifica os elementos formadores de carboneto. Um valor mais baixo significa que o elemento retira carbono da solu\u00e7\u00e3o com mais for\u00e7a, de modo que o carboneto se forma mais cedo e se dissolve menos durante a austenitiza\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elemento<\/th>Carboneto<\/th>Energia livre de forma\u00e7\u00e3o (kJ por mol C)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Tit\u00e2nio<\/td>TiC<\/td>−170<\/td><\/tr>
Ni\u00f3bio<\/td>NbC<\/td>−135<\/td><\/tr>
Van\u00e1dio<\/td>VC<\/td>−42<\/td><\/tr>
Tungst\u00eanio<\/td>WC<\/td>−35<\/td><\/tr>
Cromo<\/td>Cr7C3<\/td>−33<\/td><\/tr>
Cromo<\/td>Cr23C6<\/td>−20<\/td><\/tr>
Molibd\u00eanio<\/td>Mo2C<\/td>−5<\/td><\/tr>
Ferro<\/td>Fe3C<\/td>+15<\/td><\/tr>
Manganese<\/td>Mn3C<\/td>+20<\/td><\/tr>
Cobalt<\/td>Co2C<\/td>+35<\/td><\/tr>
N\u00edquel<\/td>Ni3C<\/td>+65<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fonte: Tool Steels, Properties and Performance (R. A. Mesquita, CRC Press), Figura 3.10. Os valores s\u00e3o para temperatura ambiente e 1% de atividade do metal, expressos por mol de carbono. Quanto menor o valor, mais forte o carboneto.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Interpretando a classifica\u00e7\u00e3o<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

A ordem explica o comportamento desses a\u00e7os no ch\u00e3o de f\u00e1brica. Os carbonetos de cromo s\u00e3o os mais f\u00e1ceis de dissolver, o molibd\u00eanio vem em seguida, e os carbonetos MC resistem mais \u00e0 dissolu\u00e7\u00e3o, com o carboneto de ni\u00f3bio acima do carboneto de van\u00e1dio. \u00c9 por isso que uma matriz D2 pode ser austenitizada na faixa usual e ainda estar cheia de carbonetos de cromo, enquanto os carbonetos de van\u00e1dio em um a\u00e7o r\u00e1pido precisam de temperaturas pr\u00f3ximas ao solidus para entrar em solu\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Duas consequ\u00eancias decorrem para a ferramenta acabada. Os carbonetos que permanecem n\u00e3o dissolvidos sustentam a resist\u00eancia ao desgaste, e os carbonetos que se dissolvem alimentam a resposta ao revenimento, o que eleva a dureza ap\u00f3s o revenimento. O equil\u00edbrio entre os dois \u00e9 definido pela temperatura de austenitiza\u00e7\u00e3o, e o efeito dessa temperatura sobre dissolu\u00e7\u00e3o de carboneto<\/a> \u00e9 desenvolvido na p\u00e1gina de austenitiza\u00e7\u00e3o do D2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quando um carboneto permanece no a\u00e7o<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uma adi\u00e7\u00e3o de liga se dissolve na austenita apenas at\u00e9 um limite. Tudo acima desse limite permanece como carboneto n\u00e3o dissolvido<\/a>, que \u00e9 como os carbonetos resistentes ao desgaste sobrevivem ao tratamento t\u00e9rmico. Com 1% C, os limites aproximados s\u00e3o estes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elemento<\/th>Permanece em solu\u00e7\u00e3o at\u00e9 cerca de<\/th>O excesso forma<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Tungst\u00eanio<\/td>3% W<\/td>M6C<\/td><\/tr>
Molibd\u00eanio<\/td>3% Mo<\/td>M2C e M6C<\/td><\/tr>
Van\u00e1dio<\/td>0,5% V<\/td>MC<\/td><\/tr>
Ni\u00f3bio<\/td>0,01% Nb<\/td>MC<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fonte: Tool Steels, Properties and Performance (R. A. Mesquita, CRC Press), Se\u00e7\u00e3o 5.3.2. Os limites caem \u00e0 medida que o teor de carbono aumenta, porque o carbono compete com os elementos de liga pelos mesmos s\u00edtios de solu\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quais carbonetos ocorrem em quais graus<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As fam\u00edlias abaixo abrangem os a\u00e7os para ferramentas de fornecimento normal. O teor de carboneto<\/a> indicado \u00e9 para a condi\u00e7\u00e3o endurecida e revenida na dureza de trabalho usual.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Grau<\/th>Tipo<\/th>Teor de carboneto na ferramenta acabada<\/th>Tipo de carboneto<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
A\u00e7os para ferramentas de trabalho a frio<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
O1<\/a>, O2<\/a><\/td>T\u00eampera em \u00f3leo<\/td>Praticamente nenhum. A martensita revenida sustenta a resist\u00eancia ao desgaste por si s\u00f3.<\/td>Fe3C do revenimento, sem part\u00edculas n\u00e3o dissolvidas<\/td><\/tr>
A2<\/a><\/td>T\u00eampera ao ar, m\u00e9dia liga<\/td>Baixo. Os 5% Cr e 1% C permanecem em grande parte em solu\u00e7\u00e3o nas temperaturas normais de endurecimento.<\/td>M7C3<\/td><\/tr>
DC53<\/a> e graus com 8% Cr<\/td>T\u00eampera ao ar, 8% Cr<\/td>Carbonetos mais finos e em menor quantidade que o D2, raz\u00e3o pela qual a tenacidade \u00e9 maior e a microestrutura pol\u0435 melhor.<\/td>M7C3<\/td><\/tr>
D2<\/a><\/td>Alto cromo, 12% Cr<\/td>Cerca de 13% em volume na condi\u00e7\u00e3o endurecida e revenida, e o carboneto mais comum em a\u00e7os para trabalho a frio.<\/td>M7C3<\/td><\/tr>
D3<\/a>, D6<\/a><\/td>Alto carbono, alto cromo<\/td>At\u00e9 cerca de 20% em volume. O mais resistente \u00e0 abras\u00e3o dos graus de trabalho a frio e o menos tenaz.<\/td>M7C3<\/td><\/tr>
A\u00e7os r\u00e1pidos<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
M2<\/a>, M42<\/a><\/td>A\u00e7o r\u00e1pido ao molibd\u00eanio<\/td>At\u00e9 cerca de 15% em volume. Nos graus ao molibd\u00eanio o eut\u00e9tico M2C \u00e9 metaest\u00e1vel e se converte em M6C.<\/td>MC com M6C<\/td><\/tr>
T1, T15<\/td>A\u00e7o r\u00e1pido ao tungst\u00eanio<\/td>At\u00e9 cerca de 15% em volume. Os graus ao tungst\u00eanio formam M6C diretamente durante a solidifica\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/td>MC com M6C<\/td><\/tr>
Graus PM<\/td>metalurgia do p\u00f3<\/td>Os mesmos tipos de carboneto das classes convencionais da mesma composi\u00e7\u00e3o qu\u00edmica, de duas a dez vezes mais finos e distribu\u00eddos uniformemente<\/a>.<\/td>MC com M6C<\/td><\/tr>
A\u00e7os para trabalho a quente e para moldes<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
H13<\/a>, H11<\/a>, P20<\/a><\/td>Trabalho a quente e molde de pl\u00e1stico<\/td>Projetados sem carbonetos n\u00e3o dissolvidos grandes. As adi\u00e7\u00f5es de liga ficam pr\u00f3ximas ao limite de solubilidade e atuam por meio de precipitados finos durante o revenimento.<\/td>Carbonetos e nitretos secund\u00e1rios finos<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fontes: Tool Steels, Properties and Performance (R. A. Mesquita, CRC Press), Se\u00e7\u00f5es 3.3 e 5.3, e a compara\u00e7\u00e3o de microestrutura nas Figuras 5.14 e 3.25.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quantidade, tamanho e distribui\u00e7\u00e3o determinam a resist\u00eancia ao desgaste<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u00eas fatores decidem o desempenho de uma popula\u00e7\u00e3o de carbonetos, e eles s\u00e3o decididos em duas etapas diferentes. Quantidade e tipo v\u00eam da qu\u00edmica do grau, e tamanho e distribui\u00e7\u00e3o v\u00eam da forma como o a\u00e7o foi fabricado.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O que os tr\u00eas fatores fazem<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Quantidade. Mais carboneto significa melhor resist\u00eancia ao desgaste e menor tenacidade. O teto pr\u00e1tico \u00e9 em torno de 15 % em volume nos graus normais, com 20 % em volume o m\u00e1ximo observado em a\u00e7os fornecidos. Acima disso a microestrutura torna-se t\u00e3o fr\u00e1gil que o lingote n\u00e3o pode ser forjado ou laminado.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tamanho. Carbonetos grosseiros resistem melhor \u00e0 abras\u00e3o grosseira, porque as part\u00edculas abrasivas n\u00e3o conseguem mais cortar a matriz sem encontrar uma fase dura de tamanho compar\u00e1vel. Carbonetos finos s\u00e3o adequados para desgaste adesivo e polimento, onde uma part\u00edcula grosseira atua como iniciadora de trinca ou se arranca da superf\u00edcie. Essa \u00e9 a troca pr\u00e1tica por tr\u00e1s dos graus para desgaste abrasivo<\/a> em uma extremidade da escala e dos graus para desgaste adesivo<\/a> na outra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Distribui\u00e7\u00e3o. O mesmo volume de carboneto funciona muito melhor quando distribu\u00eddo uniformemente. Um a\u00e7o produzido por metalurgia do p\u00f3<\/a> mant\u00e9m seus carbonetos de duas a dez vezes mais finos que um grau fundido convencional de qu\u00edmica id\u00eantica, o que aumenta a tenacidade e a polibilidade sem alterar a qu\u00edmica.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uma \u00fanica compara\u00e7\u00e3o da fonte mostra como o tipo supera o volume. Um a\u00e7o experimental com 10 % de V contendo cerca de 15 % em volume de carbonetos MC desgasta menos que o D6 contendo cerca de 20 % em volume de carbonetos M7C3 sob abras\u00e3o de lixa grossa, porque o MC \u00e9 aproximadamente duas vezes mais duro que o M7C3. A resist\u00eancia ao desgaste aumenta com a dureza do carboneto antes de aumentar com o volume de carboneto.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O teor de carbono define a dureza que um a\u00e7o ferramenta pode atingir, mas a estrutura em que o carbono se encontra determina quanto dela \u00e9 efetivamente alcan\u00e7ado.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Hardness
Fig. 11.3. Dureza de três estruturas — martensita, perlita e carboneto esferoidizado em ferrita — em função do teor de carbono, lida nas escalas Vickers e Rockwell C. A extremidade de alto carbono da curva de martensita é larga porque a austenita retida reduz a dureza, que é a mesma razão pela qual um aço ferramenta de alto carbono é revenido duas vezes. A estrutura de carboneto esferoidizado é a mais mole das três e corresponde ao estado recozido no qual o aço é fornecido. Fonte: E. Essadiqi, Tool Steels, in Steel Heat Treatment: Metallurgy and Technologies (G.E. Totten, ed.), CRC Press, 2006, Fig. 11.3.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Os carbonetos s\u00e3o a metade particulada da microestrutura<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Um a\u00e7o para ferramentas \u00e9 melhor interpretado como uma matriz endurecida mais uma popula\u00e7\u00e3o de part\u00edculas. A matriz define a resist\u00eancia e a resposta ao revenimento, e as part\u00edculas definem a resist\u00eancia ao desgaste abrasivo. Os graus constru\u00eddos em torno de cada lado dessa divis\u00e3o, com classifica\u00e7\u00f5es de dureza e desgaste, est\u00e3o reunidos no tabela de propriedades do a\u00e7o ferramenta<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O carboneto de ni\u00f3bio \u00e9 o mais duro e o menos utilizado<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

O ni\u00f3bio forma o carboneto mais duro da tabela e come\u00e7a a form\u00e1-lo com uma adi\u00e7\u00e3o de uma fra\u00e7\u00e3o de porcento, de modo que funciona em graus com muito pouco espa\u00e7o para elementos de liga. A maioria dos a\u00e7os para ferramentas foi desenvolvida antes de o ni\u00f3bio estar amplamente dispon\u00edvel, e a fonte o trata mais como uma dire\u00e7\u00e3o promissora do que como uma pr\u00e1tica atual.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Os a\u00e7os para moldes seguem o caminho oposto<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Os a\u00e7os para moldes de pl\u00e1stico s\u00e3o projetados sem grandes carbonetos n\u00e3o dissolvidos, porque cada part\u00edcula \u00e9 um defeito potencial de polimento e uma linha de ataque. Como isso se manifesta no acabamento superficial, incluindo os graus que trocam usinabilidade por polibilidade, \u00e9 abordado no guia de polimento e texturiza\u00e7\u00e3o<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A metalurgia do p\u00f3 muda o tamanho, n\u00e3o o tipo<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Um grau PM mant\u00e9m a qu\u00edmica de carbonetos de seu equivalente convencional e apenas melhora a distribui\u00e7\u00e3o. Se a quest\u00e3o \u00e9 desgaste contra um abrasivo fino ou polibilidade, o PM responde. Se a quest\u00e3o \u00e9 abras\u00e3o grosseira, a qu\u00edmica responde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Confirme antes de fornecer um or\u00e7amento.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Composi\u00e7\u00e3o, tipo de carboneto e volume de carboneto s\u00e3o apenas para refer\u00eancia geral. Os valores reais variam conforme a norma, usina, n\u00famero de corrida e tratamento t\u00e9rmico, e o temperatura de austenitiza\u00e7\u00e3o<\/a> sozinho pode dissolver ou reter uma fra\u00e7\u00e3o vis\u00edvel da popula\u00e7\u00e3o de carbonetos. Confirme com o certificado de ensaio do material (MTC) ou entre em contato com a Aobo Steel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u00e1ginas de refer\u00eancia relacionadas<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Tabela de composi\u00e7\u00e3o de a\u00e7os para ferramentas<\/a> \u00b7 Localizador de materiais de a\u00e7o ferramenta<\/a> \u00b7 Como selecionar a\u00e7os para ferramentas<\/a> \u00b7 Tabela de classifica\u00e7\u00e3o de usinabilidade do a\u00e7o ferramenta<\/a> \u00b7 Cat\u00e1logo de a\u00e7os para ferramentas<\/a> \u00b7 A\u00e7os equivalentes para ferramentas<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fontes: Tool Steels, Properties and Performance (R. A. Mesquita, CRC Press, 2017), Tabela 5.2, Figura 3.10 e Se\u00e7\u00f5es 3.3 e 5.3. Valores verificados cruzadamente com as micrografias e os dados de desgaste nos mesmos cap\u00edtulos. Dados de refer\u00eancia apenas para compara\u00e7\u00e3o. Confirme o grau e o tratamento t\u00e9rmico com sua ferramentaria e a ficha t\u00e9cnica da usina antes da produ\u00e7\u00e3o. A Aobo Steel fornece a\u00e7o para ferramentas na condi\u00e7\u00e3o recozida ou pr\u00e9-endurecida.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tool Steel Carbide Types and Hardness The particles that carry the wear resistance of a tool steel are alloy carbides, and every type has its own chemistry, crystal structure and hardness. This page lists the carbides found in cold work and high speed tool steels, the hardness each one reaches, the alloy content that puts […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"normal-width-container","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-18513","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nTool Steel Carbide Types and Hardness | Aobo Steel<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Carbide types and hardness in tool steel, from MC and M6C to M7C3 and cementite, with the grades each carbide runs in and the wear resistance it carries.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/pt\/tool-steel-carbide-types-and-hardness\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_BR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Tool Steel Carbide Types and Hardness\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Carbide types and hardness in tool steel, from MC and M6C to M7C3 and cementite, with the grades each carbide runs in and the wear resistance it carries.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/pt\/tool-steel-carbide-types-and-hardness\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"AoboSteel\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/profile.php?id=61565368220197\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-10-21T02:48:26+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Aobo-Steel-Tool-Steel-Grades-totten-fig-11-3-hardness-three-microstructures-vs-carbon-content.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. tempo de leitura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"8 minutos\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"TechArticle\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/tool-steel-carbide-types-and-hardness\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/tool-steel-carbide-types-and-hardness\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Evan\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/96118415c30ca6bb52eaf1127b052ef7\"},\"headline\":\"Tool Steel Carbide Types and Hardness\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-09-15T22:18:21+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-10-21T02:48:26+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/tool-steel-carbide-types-and-hardness\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1643,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/tool-steel-carbide-types-and-hardness\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/10\\\/Aobo-Steel-Tool-Steel-Grades-totten-fig-11-3-hardness-three-microstructures-vs-carbon-content.jpg\",\"inLanguage\":\"pt-BR\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/tool-steel-carbide-types-and-hardness\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/tool-steel-carbide-types-and-hardness\\\/\",\"name\":\"Tool Steel Carbide Types and Hardness | Aobo Steel\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/tool-steel-carbide-types-and-hardness\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/tool-steel-carbide-types-and-hardness\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/10\\\/Aobo-Steel-Tool-Steel-Grades-totten-fig-11-3-hardness-three-microstructures-vs-carbon-content.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-09-15T22:18:21+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-10-21T02:48:26+00:00\",\"description\":\"Carbide types and hardness in tool steel, from MC and M6C to M7C3 and cementite, with the grades each carbide runs in and the wear resistance it carries.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/tool-steel-carbide-types-and-hardness\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"pt-BR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/tool-steel-carbide-types-and-hardness\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"pt-BR\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/tool-steel-carbide-types-and-hardness\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/10\\\/Aobo-Steel-Tool-Steel-Grades-totten-fig-11-3-hardness-three-microstructures-vs-carbon-content.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/10\\\/Aobo-Steel-Tool-Steel-Grades-totten-fig-11-3-hardness-three-microstructures-vs-carbon-content.jpg\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/tool-steel-carbide-types-and-hardness\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"\u9996\u9875\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Tool Steel Carbide Types and Hardness\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/\",\"name\":\"AoboSteel\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"pt-BR\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"AoboSteel\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"pt-BR\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/01\\\/cropped-aobo-steel-1.avif\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/01\\\/cropped-aobo-steel-1.avif\",\"width\":1052,\"height\":592,\"caption\":\"AoboSteel\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/profile.php?id=61565368220197\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.linkedin.com\\\/in\\\/aobosteel-evan\\\/\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/96118415c30ca6bb52eaf1127b052ef7\",\"name\":\"Evan\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"pt-BR\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/8e402f2e6f36093f0bf1855dbf79269cde23cd659c44eefdd7ecf7ff9c05786f?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/8e402f2e6f36093f0bf1855dbf79269cde23cd659c44eefdd7ecf7ff9c05786f?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/8e402f2e6f36093f0bf1855dbf79269cde23cd659c44eefdd7ecf7ff9c05786f?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Evan\"},\"sameAs\":[\"http:\\\/\\\/www.aobosteel.com\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/profile.php?id=61565368220197\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.instagram.com\\\/aobosteel\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.linkedin.com\\\/in\\\/aobosteel-evan\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/AobosteelEvan\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.youtube.com\\\/@aobosteel\"],\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/pt\\\/blog\\\/author\\\/admin\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Tipos de Carbonetos e Dureza em A\u00e7os Ferramenta | Aobo Steel","description":"Tipos e dureza de carbonetos no a\u00e7o ferramenta, de MC e M6C a M7C3 e cementita, com os graus em que cada carboneto ocorre e a resist\u00eancia ao desgaste associada.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/pt\/tool-steel-carbide-types-and-hardness\/","og_locale":"pt_BR","og_type":"article","og_title":"Tool Steel Carbide Types and Hardness","og_description":"Carbide types and hardness in tool steel, from MC and M6C to M7C3 and cementite, with the grades each carbide runs in and the wear resistance it carries.","og_url":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/pt\/tool-steel-carbide-types-and-hardness\/","og_site_name":"AoboSteel","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/profile.php?id=61565368220197","article_modified_time":"2026-10-21T02:48:26+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Aobo-Steel-Tool-Steel-Grades-totten-fig-11-3-hardness-three-microstructures-vs-carbon-content.jpg","type":"","width":"","height":""}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Est. tempo de leitura":"8 minutos"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"TechArticle","@id":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/tool-steel-carbide-types-and-hardness\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/tool-steel-carbide-types-and-hardness\/"},"author":{"name":"Evan","@id":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/#\/schema\/person\/96118415c30ca6bb52eaf1127b052ef7"},"headline":"Tool Steel Carbide Types and Hardness","datePublished":"2026-09-15T22:18:21+00:00","dateModified":"2026-10-21T02:48:26+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/tool-steel-carbide-types-and-hardness\/"},"wordCount":1643,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/tool-steel-carbide-types-and-hardness\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Aobo-Steel-Tool-Steel-Grades-totten-fig-11-3-hardness-three-microstructures-vs-carbon-content.jpg","inLanguage":"pt-BR"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/tool-steel-carbide-types-and-hardness\/","url":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/tool-steel-carbide-types-and-hardness\/","name":"Tipos de Carbonetos e Dureza em A\u00e7os Ferramenta | Aobo Steel","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/tool-steel-carbide-types-and-hardness\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/tool-steel-carbide-types-and-hardness\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Aobo-Steel-Tool-Steel-Grades-totten-fig-11-3-hardness-three-microstructures-vs-carbon-content.jpg","datePublished":"2026-09-15T22:18:21+00:00","dateModified":"2026-10-21T02:48:26+00:00","description":"Tipos e dureza de carbonetos no a\u00e7o ferramenta, de MC e M6C a M7C3 e cementita, com os graus em que cada carboneto ocorre e a resist\u00eancia ao desgaste associada.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/tool-steel-carbide-types-and-hardness\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"pt-BR","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/tool-steel-carbide-types-and-hardness\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"pt-BR","@id":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/tool-steel-carbide-types-and-hardness\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Aobo-Steel-Tool-Steel-Grades-totten-fig-11-3-hardness-three-microstructures-vs-carbon-content.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Aobo-Steel-Tool-Steel-Grades-totten-fig-11-3-hardness-three-microstructures-vs-carbon-content.jpg"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/tool-steel-carbide-types-and-hardness\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"\u9996\u9875","item":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Tool Steel Carbide Types and Hardness"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/","name":"AoboSteel","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"pt-BR"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/#organization","name":"AoboSteel","url":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"pt-BR","@id":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/cropped-aobo-steel-1.avif","contentUrl":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/cropped-aobo-steel-1.avif","width":1052,"height":592,"caption":"AoboSteel"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/profile.php?id=61565368220197","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/aobosteel-evan\/"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/#\/schema\/person\/96118415c30ca6bb52eaf1127b052ef7","name":"Evan","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"pt-BR","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/8e402f2e6f36093f0bf1855dbf79269cde23cd659c44eefdd7ecf7ff9c05786f?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/8e402f2e6f36093f0bf1855dbf79269cde23cd659c44eefdd7ecf7ff9c05786f?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/8e402f2e6f36093f0bf1855dbf79269cde23cd659c44eefdd7ecf7ff9c05786f?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Evan"},"sameAs":["http:\/\/www.aobosteel.com","https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/profile.php?id=61565368220197","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/aobosteel\/","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/aobosteel-evan\/","https:\/\/x.com\/AobosteelEvan","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@aobosteel"],"url":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/pt\/blog\/author\/admin\/"}]}},"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false,"trp-custom-language-flag":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Evan","author_link":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/pt\/blog\/author\/admin\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Tool Steel Carbide Types and Hardness The particles that carry the wear resistance of a tool steel are alloy carbides, and every type has its own chemistry, crystal structure and hardness. This page lists the carbides found in cold work and high speed tool steels, the hardness each one reaches, the alloy content that puts…","rttpg_featured_image_url":null,"rttpg_author":{"display_name":"Evan","author_link":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/pt\/blog\/author\/admin\/"},"rttpg_comment":0,"rttpg_category":null,"rttpg_excerpt":"Tool Steel Carbide Types and Hardness The particles that carry the wear resistance of a tool steel are alloy carbides, and every type has its own chemistry, crystal structure and hardness. This page lists the carbides found in cold work and high speed tool steels, the hardness each one reaches, the alloy content that puts…","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/18513","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18513"}],"version-history":[{"count":14,"href":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/18513\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":23910,"href":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/18513\/revisions\/23910"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18513"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}