General Properties of Tool Steels | AISI Grade Reference<\/title>\n<style>\n :root{\n --aobo-accent:#2563eb; --aobo-accent-dark:#1e1e2e; --aobo-blue:#0c56d0; --aobo-blue-dark:#073b91;\n --aobo-text:#333; --aobo-muted:#888; --aobo-border:#e5e7eb; --aobo-border-dark:#ddd;\n --aobo-stripe:#f7f7f9; --aobo-hover:#e8f0fe; --aobo-radius:8px; --aobo-radius-sm:6px;\n --aobo-orange:#f59e0b; --aobo-fill:#e9ecef;\n }\n *{box-sizing:border-box;}\n html{-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;}\n body{margin:0;background:#fff;color:var(--aobo-text);\n font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,\"Segoe UI\",Roboto,\"Helvetica Neue\",Arial,sans-serif;\n font-size:15px;line-height:1.6;}\n\n \/* Root scope \u2014 WordPress theme guard *\/\n .ts-props{color:var(--aobo-text);background:transparent;padding:0;box-sizing:border-box;line-height:1.6;}\n .ts-props *{box-sizing:border-box;}\n .ts-props button,.ts-props input[type=\"text\"]{\n background:none !important;border:none !important;border-radius:0 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.ts-source{margin-top:.8em;color:var(--aobo-muted);font-size:.82em;line-height:1.58;}\n\n @media (max-width:860px){\n .ts-hero-top,.ts-tool-area{padding:1em;}\n .ts-controls{flex-direction:column;align-items:stretch;}\n .ts-search{max-width:none;}\n .ts-count{margin-left:0;}\n .ts-hero h1{font-size:1.5rem;}\n }\n @media (max-width:520px){\n .ts-hero-top,.ts-tool-area{padding:.8em;}\n table.ts-table{font-size:.82em;}\n .ts-table thead th,.ts-table tbody td{padding:.4em .4em;}\n }\n<\/style>\n<\/head>\n<body>\n<section class=\"aobo-ht-ref ts-props\">\n <div class=\"aobo-wrap\">\n\n <div class=\"ts-hero\">\n <div class=\"ts-hero-top\">\n <div class=\"ts-kicker\"><\/span>Tool Steel Selection Data<\/div>\n <h1>General Properties of Tool Steels<\/h1>\n Reference table of the principal AISI tool steel grades, covering wear resistance, toughness, hot hardness, usual working hardness, depth of hardening, grain size and hardness after hardening. Ratings are relative comparisons on a 1 (low) to 9 (high) scale and are a practical starting point when selecting a grade for a given tooling application.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"ts-tool-area\">\n <div class=\"ts-legend\">\n <\/span>1–9 rating<\/b> relative: 1 = low, 9 = high<\/span>\n Depth of hardening:<\/b> S = shallow, M = medium, D = deep<\/span>\n Grain size:<\/b> Shepherd standard, at full hardness<\/span>\n Core hardness:<\/b> 25 mm (1 in.) diameter round<\/span>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"ts-controls\">\n <div class=\"ts-search\">\n <input type=\"text\" id=\"ts-q\" placeholder=\"Search grades, e.g. H13, D2, M42...\" autocomplete=\"off\">\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"ts-chips\" id=\"ts-chips\">\n <button class=\"ts-chip on\" data-g=\"all\" type=\"button\">All grades<\/button>\n <button class=\"ts-chip\" data-g=\"m-hss\" type=\"button\">M HSS<\/button>\n <button class=\"ts-chip\" data-g=\"t-hss\" type=\"button\">T HSS<\/button>\n <button class=\"ts-chip\" data-g=\"hw-cr\" type=\"button\">Hot-work (Cr)<\/button>\n <button class=\"ts-chip\" data-g=\"hw-w\" type=\"button\">Hot-work (W)<\/button>\n <button class=\"ts-chip\" data-g=\"hw-mo\" type=\"button\">Hot-work (Mo)<\/button>\n <button class=\"ts-chip\" data-g=\"a\" type=\"button\">A<\/button>\n <button class=\"ts-chip\" data-g=\"d\" type=\"button\">D<\/button>\n <button class=\"ts-chip\" data-g=\"o\" type=\"button\">O<\/button>\n <button class=\"ts-chip\" data-g=\"s\" type=\"button\">S<\/button>\n <button class=\"ts-chip\" data-g=\"l\" type=\"button\">L<\/button>\n <button class=\"ts-chip\" data-g=\"p\" type=\"button\">P<\/button>\n <button class=\"ts-chip\" data-g=\"w\" type=\"button\">W<\/button>\n <\/div>\n <\/span>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"ts-table-wrap\">\n <table class=\"ts-table\">\n <thead>\n <tr>\n <th data-k=\"grade\">Grade <\/span><\/th>\n <th data-k=\"wear\">Wear (b)<\/sup> <\/span><\/th>\n <th data-k=\"tough\">Toughness (c)<\/sup> <\/span><\/th>\n <th data-k=\"hot\">Hot hardness <\/span><\/th>\n <th data-k=\"work\">Working hardness, HRC <\/span><\/th>\n <th data-k=\"depth\">Depth (d)<\/sup> <\/span><\/th>\n <th data-k=\"grain\">Grain size (Shepherd)<\/sup> <\/span><\/th>\n <th data-k=\"surf\">Surface HRC <\/span><\/th>\n <th data-k=\"core\">Core HRC <\/span><\/th>\n <\/tr>\n <\/thead>\n <tbody id=\"ts-body\">\n\n <tr class=\"ts-group\"><td colspan=\"9\">Molybdenum high-speed steels<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"M1\" data-wear=\"7\" data-tough=\"3\" data-hot=\"8\" data-work=\"63\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"9.5\" data-surf=\"64\" data-core=\"64\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">M1<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>7<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>3<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">63–65<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">9½<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">64–66<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">64–66<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"M2\" data-wear=\"7\" data-tough=\"3\" data-hot=\"8\" data-work=\"63\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"9.5\" data-surf=\"64\" data-core=\"64\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">M2<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>7<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>3<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">63–65<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">9½<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">64–66<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">64–66<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"M3 class 1\" data-wear=\"8\" data-tough=\"3\" data-hot=\"8\" data-work=\"63\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"9.5\" data-surf=\"64\" data-core=\"64\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">M3, class 1<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>3<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">63–66<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">9½<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">64–66<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">64–66<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"M3 class 2\" data-wear=\"8\" data-tough=\"3\" data-hot=\"8\" data-work=\"63\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"9.5\" data-surf=\"64\" data-core=\"64\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">M3, class 2<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>3<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">63–66<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">9½<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">64–66<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">64–66<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"M4\" data-wear=\"9\" data-tough=\"3\" data-hot=\"8\" data-work=\"63\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"9.5\" data-surf=\"65\" data-core=\"65\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">M4<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>9<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>3<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">63–66<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">9½<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">65–67<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">65–67<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"M7\" data-wear=\"8\" data-tough=\"3\" data-hot=\"8\" data-work=\"63\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"9.5\" data-surf=\"64\" data-core=\"64\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">M7<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>3<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">63–66<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">9½<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">64–66<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">64–66<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"M10\" data-wear=\"7\" data-tough=\"3\" data-hot=\"8\" data-work=\"63\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"9.5\" data-surf=\"64\" data-core=\"64\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">M10<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>7<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>3<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">63–65<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">9½<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">64–66<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">64–66<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"M30\" data-wear=\"7\" data-tough=\"2\" data-hot=\"8\" data-work=\"63\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"9.5\" data-surf=\"64\" data-core=\"64\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">M30<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>7<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>2<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">63–65<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">9½<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">64–66<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">64–66<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"M33\" data-wear=\"8\" data-tough=\"1\" data-hot=\"9\" data-work=\"63\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"9.5\" data-surf=\"64\" data-core=\"64\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">M33<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>1<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>9<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">63–65<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">9½<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">64–66<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">64–66<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"M34\" data-wear=\"8\" data-tough=\"1\" data-hot=\"9\" data-work=\"63\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"9.5\" data-surf=\"64\" data-core=\"64\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">M34<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>1<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>9<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">63–65<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">9½<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">64–66<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">64–66<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"M35\" data-wear=\"7\" data-tough=\"2\" data-hot=\"8\" data-work=\"63\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"9.5\" data-surf=\"64\" data-core=\"64\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">M35<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>7<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>2<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">63–65<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">9½<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">64–66<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">64–66<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"M36\" data-wear=\"7\" data-tough=\"1\" data-hot=\"9\" data-work=\"63\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"9.5\" data-surf=\"64\" data-core=\"64\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">M36<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>7<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>1<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>9<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">63–65<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">9½<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">64–66<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">64–66<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"M41\" data-wear=\"8\" data-tough=\"1\" data-hot=\"9\" data-work=\"66\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"9.5\" data-surf=\"63\" data-core=\"63\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">M41<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>1<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>9<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">66–70<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">9½<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">63–65<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">63–65<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"M42\" data-wear=\"8\" data-tough=\"1\" data-hot=\"9\" data-work=\"66\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"9.5\" data-surf=\"63\" data-core=\"63\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">M42<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>1<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>9<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">66–70<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">9½<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">63–65<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">63–65<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"M43\" data-wear=\"8\" data-tough=\"1\" data-hot=\"9\" data-work=\"66\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"9.5\" data-surf=\"63\" data-core=\"63\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">M43<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>1<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>9<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">66–70<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">9½<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">63–65<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">63–65<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"M44\" data-wear=\"8\" data-tough=\"1\" data-hot=\"9\" data-work=\"66\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"9.5\" data-surf=\"63\" data-core=\"63\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">M44<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>1<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>9<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">66–70<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">9½<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">63–65<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">63–65<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"M46\" data-wear=\"8\" data-tough=\"1\" data-hot=\"9\" data-work=\"66\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"9.5\" data-surf=\"63\" data-core=\"63\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">M46<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>1<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>9<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">66–69<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">9½<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">63–65<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">63–65<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"M47\" data-wear=\"8\" data-tough=\"1\" data-hot=\"9\" data-work=\"66\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"9.5\" data-surf=\"63\" data-core=\"63\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">M47<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>1<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>9<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">66–70<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">9½<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">63–65<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">63–65<\/td><\/tr>\n\n <tr class=\"ts-group\"><td colspan=\"9\">Intermediate high-speed steels<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"M50\" data-wear=\"6\" data-tough=\"3\" data-hot=\"6\" data-work=\"61\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"8.5\" data-surf=\"63\" data-core=\"63\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">M50<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>6<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>3<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>6<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">61–63<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">8½<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">63–65<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">63–65<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"M52\" data-wear=\"6\" data-tough=\"3\" data-hot=\"6\" data-work=\"62\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"8.5\" data-surf=\"63\" data-core=\"63\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">M52<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>6<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>3<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>6<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">62–64<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">8½<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">63–65<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">63–65<\/td><\/tr>\n\n <tr class=\"ts-group\"><td colspan=\"9\">Tungsten high-speed steels<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"T1\" data-wear=\"7\" data-tough=\"3\" data-hot=\"8\" data-work=\"63\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"9.5\" data-surf=\"64\" data-core=\"64\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">T1<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>7<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>3<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">63–65<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">9½<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">64–66<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">64–66<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"T2\" data-wear=\"8\" data-tough=\"3\" data-hot=\"8\" data-work=\"63\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"9.5\" data-surf=\"65\" data-core=\"65\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">T2<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>3<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">63–66<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">9½<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">65–67<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">65–67<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"T4\" data-wear=\"7\" data-tough=\"2\" data-hot=\"8\" data-work=\"63\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"9.5\" data-surf=\"63\" data-core=\"63\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">T4<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>7<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>2<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">63–65<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">9½<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">63–66<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">63–66<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"T5\" data-wear=\"7\" data-tough=\"1\" data-hot=\"9\" data-work=\"63\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"9.5\" data-surf=\"64\" data-core=\"64\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">T5<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>7<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>1<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>9<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">63–65<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">9½<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">64–66<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">64–66<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"T6\" data-wear=\"8\" data-tough=\"1\" data-hot=\"9\" data-work=\"63\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"9.5\" data-surf=\"64\" data-core=\"64\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">T6<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>1<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>9<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">63–65<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">9½<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">64–66<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">64–66<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"T8\" data-wear=\"8\" data-tough=\"2\" data-hot=\"8\" data-work=\"63\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"9.5\" data-surf=\"64\" data-core=\"64\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">T8<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>2<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">63–65<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">9½<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">64–66<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">64–66<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"T15\" data-wear=\"9\" data-tough=\"1\" data-hot=\"9\" data-work=\"64\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"9.5\" data-surf=\"65\" data-core=\"65\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">T15<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>9<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>1<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>9<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">64–68<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">9½<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">65–68<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">65–68<\/td><\/tr>\n\n <tr class=\"ts-group\"><td colspan=\"9\">Chromium hot-work steels<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"H10\" data-wear=\"3\" data-tough=\"9\" data-hot=\"6\" data-work=\"39\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"8\" data-surf=\"52\" data-core=\"52\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">H10<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>3<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>9<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>6<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">39–56<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">8<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">52–59<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">52–59<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"H11\" data-wear=\"3\" data-tough=\"9\" data-hot=\"6\" data-work=\"38\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"8\" data-surf=\"53\" data-core=\"53\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">H11<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>3<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>9<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>6<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">38–55<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">8<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">53–55<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">53–55<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"H12\" data-wear=\"3\" data-tough=\"9\" data-hot=\"6\" data-work=\"38\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"8\" data-surf=\"53\" data-core=\"53\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">H12<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>3<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>9<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>6<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">38–55<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">8<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">53–55<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">53–55<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"H13\" data-wear=\"3\" data-tough=\"9\" data-hot=\"6\" data-work=\"40\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"8\" data-surf=\"51\" data-core=\"51\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">H13<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>3<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>9<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>6<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">40–53<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">8<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">51–54<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">51–54<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"H14\" data-wear=\"4\" data-tough=\"6\" data-hot=\"7\" data-work=\"40\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"8\" data-surf=\"53\" data-core=\"53\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">H14<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>4<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>6<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>7<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">40–54<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">8<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">53–57<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">53–56<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"H19\" data-wear=\"5\" data-tough=\"6\" data-hot=\"7\" data-work=\"40\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"8.5\" data-surf=\"48\" data-core=\"48\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">H19<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>5<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>6<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>7<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">40–55<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">8½<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">48–57<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">48–57<\/td><\/tr>\n\n <tr class=\"ts-group\"><td colspan=\"9\">Tungsten hot-work steels<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"H21\" data-wear=\"4\" data-tough=\"6\" data-hot=\"8\" data-work=\"40\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"9\" data-surf=\"45\" data-core=\"45\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">H21<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>4<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>6<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">40–55<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">9<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">45–63<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">45–63<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"H22\" data-wear=\"5\" data-tough=\"5\" data-hot=\"8\" data-work=\"36\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"9\" data-surf=\"48\" data-core=\"48\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">H22<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>5<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>5<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">36–54<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">9<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">48–56<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">48–56<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"H23\" data-wear=\"5\" data-tough=\"5\" data-hot=\"8\" data-work=\"38\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"7\" data-surf=\"34\" data-core=\"34\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">H23<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>5<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>5<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">38–48<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">7<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">34–40<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">34–40<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"H24\" data-wear=\"5\" data-tough=\"5\" data-hot=\"8\" data-work=\"40\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"9\" data-surf=\"52\" data-core=\"52\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">H24<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>5<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>5<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">40–55<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">9<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">52–56<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">52–56<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"H25\" data-wear=\"4\" data-tough=\"6\" data-hot=\"8\" data-work=\"35\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"9\" data-surf=\"33\" data-core=\"33\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">H25<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>4<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>6<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">35–45<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">9<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">33–46<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">33–46<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"H26\" data-wear=\"6\" data-tough=\"4\" data-hot=\"8\" data-work=\"50\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"9\" data-surf=\"51\" data-core=\"51\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">H26<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>6<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>4<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">50–58<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">9<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">51–59<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">51–59<\/td><\/tr>\n\n <tr class=\"ts-group\"><td colspan=\"9\">Molybdenum hot-work steels<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"H42\" data-wear=\"6\" data-tough=\"4\" data-hot=\"7\" data-work=\"45\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"8.5\" data-surf=\"54\" data-core=\"54\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">H42<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>6<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>4<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>7<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">45–62<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">8½<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">54–62<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">54–62<\/td><\/tr>\n\n <tr class=\"ts-group\"><td colspan=\"9\">Air-hardening, medium-alloy, cold-work steels<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"A2\" data-wear=\"6\" data-tough=\"4\" data-hot=\"5\" data-work=\"57\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"8.5\" data-surf=\"63\" data-core=\"63\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">A2<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>6<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>4<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>5<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">57–62<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">8½<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">63–65<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">63–65<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"A3\" data-wear=\"7\" data-tough=\"3\" data-hot=\"5\" data-work=\"58\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"8.5\" data-surf=\"63\" data-core=\"63\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">A3<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>7<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>3<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>5<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">58–63<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">8½<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">63–65<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">63–65<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"A4\" data-wear=\"5\" data-tough=\"4\" data-hot=\"4\" data-work=\"54\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"8.5\" data-surf=\"61\" data-core=\"61\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">A4<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>5<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>4<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>4<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">54–62<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">8½<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">61–63<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">61–63<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"A5\" data-wear=\"5\" data-tough=\"4\" data-hot=\"4\" data-work=\"54\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"8.5\" data-surf=\"60\" data-core=\"60\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">A5<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>5<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>4<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>4<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">54–60<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">8½<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">60–62<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">60–62<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"A6\" data-wear=\"4\" data-tough=\"5\" data-hot=\"4\" data-work=\"54\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"8.5\" data-surf=\"60\" data-core=\"60\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">A6<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>4<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>5<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>4<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">54–60<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">8½<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">60–62<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">60–62<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"A7\" data-wear=\"9\" data-tough=\"1\" data-hot=\"6\" data-work=\"58\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"8.5\" data-surf=\"64\" data-core=\"64\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">A7<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>9<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>1<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>6<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">58–66<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">8½<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">64–66<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">64–66<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"A8\" data-wear=\"4\" data-tough=\"8\" data-hot=\"6\" data-work=\"48\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"8\" data-surf=\"60\" data-core=\"60\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">A8<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>4<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>6<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">48–57<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">8<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">60–62<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">60–62<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"A9\" data-wear=\"4\" data-tough=\"8\" data-hot=\"6\" data-work=\"40\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"8\" data-surf=\"55\" data-core=\"55\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">A9<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>4<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>6<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">40–56<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">8<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">55–57<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">55–57<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"A10\" data-wear=\"3\" data-tough=\"3\" data-hot=\"3\" data-work=\"55\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"8\" data-surf=\"60\" data-core=\"60\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">A10<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>3<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>3<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>3<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">55–62<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">8<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">60–63<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">60–63<\/td><\/tr>\n\n <tr class=\"ts-group\"><td colspan=\"9\">High-carbon, high-chromium, cold-work steels<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"D2\" data-wear=\"8\" data-tough=\"2\" data-hot=\"6\" data-work=\"58\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"7.5\" data-surf=\"61\" data-core=\"61\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">D2<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>2<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>6<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">58–64<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">7½<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">61–64<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">61–64<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"D3\" data-wear=\"8\" data-tough=\"1\" data-hot=\"6\" data-work=\"58\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"7.5\" data-surf=\"64\" data-core=\"64\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">D3<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>1<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>6<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">58–64<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">7½<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">64–66<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">64–66<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"D4\" data-wear=\"8\" data-tough=\"1\" data-hot=\"6\" data-work=\"58\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"7.5\" data-surf=\"64\" data-core=\"64\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">D4<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>1<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>6<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">58–64<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">7½<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">64–66<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">64–66<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"D5\" data-wear=\"8\" data-tough=\"2\" data-hot=\"7\" data-work=\"58\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"7.5\" data-surf=\"61\" data-core=\"61\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">D5<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>2<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>7<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">58–63<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">7½<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">61–64<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">61–64<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"D7\" data-wear=\"9\" data-tough=\"1\" data-hot=\"6\" data-work=\"58\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"7.5\" data-surf=\"64\" data-core=\"64\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">D7<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>9<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>1<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>6<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">58–66<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">7½<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">64–68<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">64–68<\/td><\/tr>\n\n <tr class=\"ts-group\"><td colspan=\"9\">Oil-hardening cold-work steels<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"O1\" data-wear=\"4\" data-tough=\"3\" data-hot=\"3\" data-work=\"57\" data-depth=\"M\" data-grain=\"9\" data-surf=\"61\" data-core=\"59\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">O1<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>4<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>3<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>3<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">57–62<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">M<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">9<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">61–64<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">59–61<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"O2\" data-wear=\"4\" data-tough=\"3\" data-hot=\"3\" data-work=\"57\" data-depth=\"M\" data-grain=\"9\" data-surf=\"61\" data-core=\"59\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">O2<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>4<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>3<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>3<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">57–62<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">M<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">9<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">61–64<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">59–61<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"O6\" data-wear=\"3\" data-tough=\"3\" data-hot=\"2\" data-work=\"58\" data-depth=\"M\" data-grain=\"9\" data-surf=\"65\" data-core=\"50\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">O6<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>3<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>3<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>2<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">58–63<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">M<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">9<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">65–67<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">50–55<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"O7\" data-wear=\"5\" data-tough=\"3\" data-hot=\"3\" data-work=\"58\" data-depth=\"M\" data-grain=\"9\" data-surf=\"61\" data-core=\"59\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">O7<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>5<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>3<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>3<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">58–64<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">M<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">9<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">61–64<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">59–61<\/td><\/tr>\n\n <tr class=\"ts-group\"><td colspan=\"9\">Shock-resisting steels<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"S1\" data-wear=\"4\" data-tough=\"8\" data-hot=\"5\" data-work=\"50\" data-depth=\"M\" data-grain=\"8\" data-surf=\"55\" data-core=\"55\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">S1<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>4<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>5<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">50–58<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">M<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">8<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">55–58<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">55–58<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"S2\" data-wear=\"2\" data-tough=\"8\" data-hot=\"2\" data-work=\"50\" data-depth=\"M\" data-grain=\"8\" data-surf=\"61\" data-core=\"56\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">S2<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>2<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>2<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">50–60<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">M<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">8<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">61–63<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">56–60<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"S5\" data-wear=\"2\" data-tough=\"8\" data-hot=\"3\" data-work=\"50\" data-depth=\"M\" data-grain=\"9\" data-surf=\"61\" data-core=\"58\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">S5<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>2<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>3<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">50–60<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">M<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">9<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">61–63<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">58–62<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"S6\" data-wear=\"2\" data-tough=\"8\" data-hot=\"3\" data-work=\"50\" data-depth=\"M\" data-grain=\"8\" data-surf=\"56\" data-core=\"56\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">S6<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>2<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>3<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">50–56<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">M<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">8<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">56–58<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">56–58<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"S7\" data-wear=\"3\" data-tough=\"8\" data-hot=\"5\" data-work=\"47\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"8\" data-surf=\"59\" data-core=\"59\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">S7<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>3<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>5<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">47–57<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">8<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">59–61<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">59–61<\/td><\/tr>\n\n <tr class=\"ts-group\"><td colspan=\"9\">Low-alloy special-purpose steels<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"L2\" data-wear=\"1\" data-tough=\"7\" data-hot=\"2\" data-work=\"45\" data-depth=\"M\" data-grain=\"8.5\" data-surf=\"56\" data-core=\"54\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">L2<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>1<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>7<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>2<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">45–62<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">M<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">8½<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">56–62<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">54–58<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"L6\" data-wear=\"3\" data-tough=\"6\" data-hot=\"2\" data-work=\"45\" data-depth=\"M\" data-grain=\"8\" data-surf=\"58\" data-core=\"58\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">L6<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>3<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>6<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>2<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">45–62<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">M<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">8<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">58–63<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">58–62<\/td><\/tr>\n\n <tr class=\"ts-group\"><td colspan=\"9\">Low-carbon mold steels<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr class=\"ts-group ts-sub\"><td colspan=\"9\">For hubbed and\/or carburized cavities<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"P2\" data-wear=\"1\" data-tough=\"9\" data-hot=\"2\" data-work=\"58\" data-depth=\"S\" data-grain=\"0\" data-surf=\"62\" data-core=\"15\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">P2 (e)<\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>1(e)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>9<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>2(e)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">58–64 (e)<\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">S<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">…<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">62–65 (a)<\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">15–21<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"P3\" data-wear=\"1\" data-tough=\"9\" data-hot=\"2\" data-work=\"58\" data-depth=\"S\" data-grain=\"0\" data-surf=\"62\" data-core=\"15\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">P3 (e)<\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>1(e)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>9<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>2(e)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">58–64 (e)<\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">S<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">…<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">62–64 (a)<\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">15–21<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"P4\" data-wear=\"1\" data-tough=\"9\" data-hot=\"4\" data-work=\"58\" data-depth=\"M\" data-grain=\"0\" data-surf=\"62\" data-core=\"33\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">P4 (e)<\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>1(e)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>9<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>4(e)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">58–64 (e)<\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">M<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">…<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">62–65 (a)<\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">33–35<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"P5\" data-wear=\"1\" data-tough=\"9\" data-hot=\"2\" data-work=\"50\" data-depth=\"S\" data-grain=\"0\" data-surf=\"62\" data-core=\"20\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">P5 (e)<\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>1(e)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>9<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>2(e)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">50–64 (e)<\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">S<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">…<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">62–65 (a)<\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">20–25<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"P6\" data-wear=\"1\" data-tough=\"9\" data-hot=\"3\" data-work=\"58\" data-depth=\"M\" data-grain=\"0\" data-surf=\"60\" data-core=\"35\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">P6 (e)<\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>1(e)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>9<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>3(e)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">58–61 (e)<\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">M<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">…<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">60–62 (a)<\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">35–37<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr class=\"ts-group ts-sub\"><td colspan=\"9\">For machined cavities<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"P20\" data-wear=\"1\" data-tough=\"8\" data-hot=\"2\" data-work=\"30\" data-depth=\"M\" data-grain=\"7.5\" data-surf=\"52\" data-core=\"45\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">P20 (e)<\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>1(e)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>2(e)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">30–50<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">M<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">7½<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">52–54<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">45–50<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"P21\" data-wear=\"1\" data-tough=\"8\" data-hot=\"4\" data-work=\"36\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"0\" data-surf=\"22\" data-core=\"22\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">P21<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>1<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>4<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">36–39 (e)<\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">…<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">22–26<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">22–26<\/td><\/tr>\n\n <tr class=\"ts-group\"><td colspan=\"9\">Water-hardening tool steels<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"W1\" data-wear=\"3\" data-tough=\"5\" data-hot=\"1\" data-work=\"58\" data-depth=\"S\" data-grain=\"9\" data-surf=\"65\" data-core=\"38\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">W1<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>2–4<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>3–7<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>1<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">58–65<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">S<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">9<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">65–67<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">38–43<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"W2\" data-wear=\"3\" data-tough=\"5\" data-hot=\"1\" data-work=\"58\" data-depth=\"S\" data-grain=\"9\" data-surf=\"65\" data-core=\"38\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">W2<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>2–4<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>3–7<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>1<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">58–65<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">S<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">9<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">65–67<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">38–43<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"W5\" data-wear=\"4\" data-tough=\"5\" data-hot=\"1\" data-work=\"58\" data-depth=\"S\" data-grain=\"9\" data-surf=\"65\" data-core=\"38\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">W5<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>3–4<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>3–7<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>1<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">58–65<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">S<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">9<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">65–67<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">38–43<\/td><\/tr>\n\n <\/tbody>\n <\/table>\n <div class=\"ts-empty\" id=\"ts-empty\">No grades match your search.<\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <h3 style=\"font-size:1em;margin:1.2em 0 .3em;color:var(--aobo-text);\">Notes & References<\/h3>\n <ol class=\"ts-notes-list\">\n <li>(a)<\/sup> Rating range from 1 (low) to 9 (high).<\/li>\n <li>(b)<\/sup> Wear resistance increases with increasing carbon content.<\/li>\n <li>(c)<\/sup> Toughness decreases with increasing carbon content and depth of hardening.<\/li>\n <li>(d)<\/sup> S, shallow; M, medium; and D, deep.<\/li>\n <li>(e)<\/sup> After carburizing.<\/li>\n <\/ol>\n\n \n <figure class=\"ts-fig\">\n <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Plots-of-toughness-against-a-hot-hardness-and-b-wear-resistance-for-tool-steels.png\" alt=\"Toughness plotted against hot hardness and wear resistance for tool steels (ASM Handbook Fig. 6)\" loading=\"lazy\">\n <figcaption>Toughness plotted against (a) hot hardness and (b) wear resistance for tool steels. Types underlined indicate shallow-hardened tool steels. The area between the dashed lines in (b) represents average values.<\/figcaption>\n <\/figure>\n\n <div class=\"ts-grid\">\n <div class=\"ts-card\">\n <h2>Elastic modulus of tool steels<\/h2>\n For all practical purposes, the modulus of elasticity of all tool steels in all conditions is about 210 GPa (30 × 106<\/sup> psi)<\/b> at room temperature. It decreases uniformly to about 185 GPa (27 × 106<\/sup> psi)<\/b> at 260 °C (500 °F) and about 150 GPa (22 × 106<\/sup> psi)<\/b> at 540 °C (1000 °F).<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"ts-card\">\n <h2>Wear resistance<\/h2>\n Wear resistance increases with carbon content. At a given hardness, however, it may vary widely depending on the wear mechanism and heat treatment used. Steels with similar hardness can behave very differently under identical wear conditions.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"ts-card\">\n <h2>Toughness & testing<\/h2>\n At maximum hardness, most tool steels are brittle, so tensile testing rarely gives reliable strength values. Compression, bending and torsion tests are more useful; torsion impact testing gives reproducible data on the effect of composition and heat treatment, particularly for drills and tools loaded in torsion.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"ts-disclaimer\">\n <h3>Supply Scope & Technical Reference Note<\/h3>\n Aobo Steel supplies tool steel in round bar and plate form, in annealed condition. Hardening, quenching and tempering are performed by the customer’s heat-treatment facility.<\/p>\n The property ratings and hardness data in this reference are relative comparisons compiled from ASM Handbook, Volume 1, Table 13. Actual performance depends on heat treatment, section size, tool geometry and service conditions. Always verify final properties and heat-treatment procedures with your heat-treatment facility.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n Source: ASM Handbook, Volume 1 — Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys, Table 13 “General properties of tool steels” (data for grades marked “e” after carburizing). 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Ratings are relative comparisons on a 1 (low) to 9 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"normal-width-container","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-17413","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\n<title>AISI Tool Steel Properties Chart: Wear, Toughness & Hardness - 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.ts-table thead th .ts-arr{color:#ffd166;font-weight:700;margin-left:3px;}\n .ts-table tbody td{padding:.55em .7em;border-bottom:1px solid var(--aobo-border);text-align:center;\n vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap;}\n .ts-table tbody tr:nth-child(even){background:var(--aobo-stripe);}\n .ts-table tbody tr:hover{background:var(--aobo-hover);}\n .ts-table tbody tr.ts-group td{background:#e8ecf1;font-weight:700;font-size:.78em;letter-spacing:.05em;\n text-transform:uppercase;color:#3c4043;padding:.55em .7em;border-bottom:1px solid var(--aobo-border);\n text-align:left;}\n .ts-table tbody tr:not(.ts-group).ts-hide{display:none;}\n td.ts-grade{font-weight:700;font-size:.95em;text-align:left;white-space:nowrap;color:var(--aobo-text);}\n .ts-meter{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:7px;}\n .ts-meter i{display:inline-block;width:44px;height:6px;border-radius:3px;background:var(--aobo-fill);overflow:hidden;}\n .ts-meter i b{display:block;height:100%;border-radius:3px;background:linear-gradient(90deg,#4d94ff,var(--aobo-accent));}\n .ts-meter span{font-size:.9em;font-weight:600;min-width:14px;}\n .ts-hr{font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;font-weight:500;}\n .ts-num{font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;}\n .ts-sup{font-size:9px;color:var(--aobo-accent);vertical-align:super;line-height:0;}\n\n \/* Footnotes *\/\n .ts-notes-list{margin:1.2em 0 0;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--aobo-border);\n border-left:3px solid var(--aobo-accent);border-radius:0 var(--aobo-radius) var(--aobo-radius) 0;\n padding:1em 1.2em 1em 2.2em;font-size:.82em;color:var(--aobo-muted);line-height:1.7;}\n .ts-notes-list li{margin-bottom:.3em;}\n .ts-notes-list sup{color:var(--aobo-accent);font-size:10px;}\n\n \/* Figure *\/\n .ts-fig{margin:1.2em 0 0;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--aobo-border);border-radius:var(--aobo-radius);padding:1em;}\n .ts-fig img{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;border-radius:6px;}\n .ts-fig figcaption{font-size:.8em;color:var(--aobo-muted);margin-top:.6em;line-height:1.6;}\n .ts-fig figcaption b{color:var(--aobo-text);}\n\n \/* Info cards *\/\n .ts-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(250px,1fr));gap:14px;margin-top:1.2em;}\n .ts-grid .ts-card{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--aobo-border);border-left:3px solid var(--aobo-accent);\n border-radius:0 var(--aobo-radius) var(--aobo-radius) 0;padding:1em 1.2em;}\n .ts-grid h2{font-size:1em;margin:0 0 .4em;color:var(--aobo-text);}\n .ts-grid p{font-size:.82em;color:var(--aobo-muted);margin:0;line-height:1.7;}\n .ts-grid p b{color:var(--aobo-text);font-weight:600;}\n\n \/* Disclaimer *\/\n .ts-disclaimer{margin-top:1.2em;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--aobo-border);\n border-left:3px solid var(--aobo-accent);border-radius:0 var(--aobo-radius) var(--aobo-radius) 0;\n padding:1em 1.2em;}\n .ts-disclaimer h3{margin:0 0 .5em;font-size:.95em;color:var(--aobo-text);display:flex;align-items:center;gap:6px;}\n .ts-disclaimer h3::before{content:\"\\2139\";font-size:1em;color:var(--aobo-accent);}\n .ts-disclaimer p{margin:0 0 .5em;max-width:none;color:var(--aobo-muted);line-height:1.7;}\n .ts-disclaimer p:last-child{margin-bottom:0;}\n\n \/* Empty \/ source *\/\n .ts-empty{display:none;text-align:center;color:var(--aobo-muted);padding:2em 1em;font-size:.9em;}\n .ts-empty.show{display:block;}\n .ts-source{margin-top:.8em;color:var(--aobo-muted);font-size:.82em;line-height:1.58;}\n\n @media (max-width:860px){\n .ts-hero-top,.ts-tool-area{padding:1em;}\n .ts-controls{flex-direction:column;align-items:stretch;}\n .ts-search{max-width:none;}\n .ts-count{margin-left:0;}\n .ts-hero h1{font-size:1.5rem;}\n }\n @media (max-width:520px){\n .ts-hero-top,.ts-tool-area{padding:.8em;}\n table.ts-table{font-size:.82em;}\n .ts-table thead th,.ts-table tbody td{padding:.4em .4em;}\n }\n<\/style>\n<\/head>\n<body>\n<section class=\"aobo-ht-ref ts-props\">\n <div class=\"aobo-wrap\">\n\n <div class=\"ts-hero\">\n <div class=\"ts-hero-top\">\n <div class=\"ts-kicker\"><\/span>Tool Steel Selection Data<\/div>\n <h1>General Properties of Tool Steels<\/h1>\n Reference table of the principal AISI tool steel grades, covering wear resistance, toughness, hot hardness, usual working hardness, depth of hardening, grain size and hardness after hardening. Ratings are relative comparisons on a 1 (low) to 9 (high) scale and are a practical starting point when selecting a grade for a given tooling application.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"ts-tool-area\">\n <div class=\"ts-legend\">\n <\/span>1–9 rating<\/b> relative: 1 = low, 9 = high<\/span>\n Depth of hardening:<\/b> S = shallow, M = medium, D = deep<\/span>\n Grain size:<\/b> Shepherd standard, at full hardness<\/span>\n Core hardness:<\/b> 25 mm (1 in.) diameter round<\/span>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"ts-controls\">\n <div class=\"ts-search\">\n <input type=\"text\" id=\"ts-q\" placeholder=\"Search grades, e.g. H13, D2, M42...\" autocomplete=\"off\">\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"ts-chips\" id=\"ts-chips\">\n <button class=\"ts-chip on\" data-g=\"all\" type=\"button\">All grades<\/button>\n <button class=\"ts-chip\" data-g=\"m-hss\" type=\"button\">M HSS<\/button>\n <button class=\"ts-chip\" data-g=\"t-hss\" type=\"button\">T HSS<\/button>\n <button class=\"ts-chip\" data-g=\"hw-cr\" type=\"button\">Hot-work (Cr)<\/button>\n <button class=\"ts-chip\" data-g=\"hw-w\" type=\"button\">Hot-work (W)<\/button>\n <button class=\"ts-chip\" data-g=\"hw-mo\" type=\"button\">Hot-work (Mo)<\/button>\n <button class=\"ts-chip\" data-g=\"a\" type=\"button\">A<\/button>\n <button class=\"ts-chip\" data-g=\"d\" type=\"button\">D<\/button>\n <button class=\"ts-chip\" data-g=\"o\" type=\"button\">O<\/button>\n <button class=\"ts-chip\" data-g=\"s\" type=\"button\">S<\/button>\n <button class=\"ts-chip\" data-g=\"l\" type=\"button\">L<\/button>\n <button class=\"ts-chip\" data-g=\"p\" type=\"button\">P<\/button>\n <button class=\"ts-chip\" data-g=\"w\" type=\"button\">W<\/button>\n <\/div>\n <\/span>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"ts-table-wrap\">\n <table class=\"ts-table\">\n <thead>\n <tr>\n <th data-k=\"grade\">Grade <\/span><\/th>\n <th data-k=\"wear\">Wear (b)<\/sup> <\/span><\/th>\n <th data-k=\"tough\">Toughness (c)<\/sup> <\/span><\/th>\n <th data-k=\"hot\">Hot hardness <\/span><\/th>\n <th data-k=\"work\">Working hardness, HRC <\/span><\/th>\n <th data-k=\"depth\">Depth (d)<\/sup> <\/span><\/th>\n <th data-k=\"grain\">Grain size (Shepherd)<\/sup> <\/span><\/th>\n <th data-k=\"surf\">Surface HRC <\/span><\/th>\n <th data-k=\"core\">Core HRC <\/span><\/th>\n <\/tr>\n <\/thead>\n <tbody id=\"ts-body\">\n\n <tr class=\"ts-group\"><td colspan=\"9\">Molybdenum high-speed steels<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"M1\" data-wear=\"7\" data-tough=\"3\" data-hot=\"8\" data-work=\"63\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"9.5\" data-surf=\"64\" data-core=\"64\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">M1<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>7<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>3<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">63–65<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">9½<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">64–66<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">64–66<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"M2\" data-wear=\"7\" data-tough=\"3\" data-hot=\"8\" data-work=\"63\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"9.5\" data-surf=\"64\" data-core=\"64\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">M2<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>7<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>3<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">63–65<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">9½<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">64–66<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">64–66<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"M3 class 1\" data-wear=\"8\" data-tough=\"3\" data-hot=\"8\" data-work=\"63\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"9.5\" data-surf=\"64\" data-core=\"64\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">M3, class 1<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>3<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">63–66<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">9½<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">64–66<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">64–66<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"M3 class 2\" data-wear=\"8\" data-tough=\"3\" data-hot=\"8\" data-work=\"63\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"9.5\" data-surf=\"64\" data-core=\"64\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">M3, class 2<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>3<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">63–66<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">9½<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">64–66<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">64–66<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"M4\" data-wear=\"9\" data-tough=\"3\" data-hot=\"8\" data-work=\"63\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"9.5\" data-surf=\"65\" data-core=\"65\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">M4<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>9<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>3<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">63–66<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">9½<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">65–67<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">65–67<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"M7\" data-wear=\"8\" data-tough=\"3\" data-hot=\"8\" data-work=\"63\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"9.5\" data-surf=\"64\" data-core=\"64\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">M7<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>3<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">63–66<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">9½<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">64–66<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">64–66<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"M10\" data-wear=\"7\" data-tough=\"3\" data-hot=\"8\" data-work=\"63\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"9.5\" data-surf=\"64\" data-core=\"64\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">M10<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>7<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>3<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">63–65<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">9½<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">64–66<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">64–66<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"M30\" data-wear=\"7\" data-tough=\"2\" data-hot=\"8\" data-work=\"63\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"9.5\" data-surf=\"64\" data-core=\"64\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">M30<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>7<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>2<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">63–65<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">9½<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">64–66<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">64–66<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"M33\" data-wear=\"8\" data-tough=\"1\" data-hot=\"9\" data-work=\"63\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"9.5\" data-surf=\"64\" data-core=\"64\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">M33<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>1<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>9<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">63–65<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">9½<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">64–66<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">64–66<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"M34\" data-wear=\"8\" data-tough=\"1\" data-hot=\"9\" data-work=\"63\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"9.5\" data-surf=\"64\" data-core=\"64\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">M34<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>1<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>9<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">63–65<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">9½<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">64–66<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">64–66<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"M35\" data-wear=\"7\" data-tough=\"2\" data-hot=\"8\" data-work=\"63\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"9.5\" data-surf=\"64\" data-core=\"64\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">M35<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>7<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>2<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">63–65<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">9½<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">64–66<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">64–66<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"M36\" data-wear=\"7\" data-tough=\"1\" data-hot=\"9\" data-work=\"63\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"9.5\" data-surf=\"64\" data-core=\"64\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">M36<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>7<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>1<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>9<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">63–65<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">9½<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">64–66<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">64–66<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"M41\" data-wear=\"8\" data-tough=\"1\" data-hot=\"9\" data-work=\"66\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"9.5\" data-surf=\"63\" data-core=\"63\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">M41<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>1<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>9<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">66–70<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">9½<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">63–65<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">63–65<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"M42\" data-wear=\"8\" data-tough=\"1\" data-hot=\"9\" data-work=\"66\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"9.5\" data-surf=\"63\" data-core=\"63\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">M42<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>1<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>9<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">66–70<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">9½<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">63–65<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">63–65<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"M43\" data-wear=\"8\" data-tough=\"1\" data-hot=\"9\" data-work=\"66\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"9.5\" data-surf=\"63\" data-core=\"63\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">M43<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>1<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>9<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">66–70<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">9½<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">63–65<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">63–65<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"M44\" data-wear=\"8\" data-tough=\"1\" data-hot=\"9\" data-work=\"66\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"9.5\" data-surf=\"63\" data-core=\"63\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">M44<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>1<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>9<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">66–70<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">9½<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">63–65<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">63–65<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"M46\" data-wear=\"8\" data-tough=\"1\" data-hot=\"9\" data-work=\"66\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"9.5\" data-surf=\"63\" data-core=\"63\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">M46<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>1<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>9<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">66–69<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">9½<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">63–65<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">63–65<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"M47\" data-wear=\"8\" data-tough=\"1\" data-hot=\"9\" data-work=\"66\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"9.5\" data-surf=\"63\" data-core=\"63\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">M47<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>1<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>9<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">66–70<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">9½<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">63–65<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">63–65<\/td><\/tr>\n\n <tr class=\"ts-group\"><td colspan=\"9\">Intermediate high-speed steels<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"M50\" data-wear=\"6\" data-tough=\"3\" data-hot=\"6\" data-work=\"61\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"8.5\" data-surf=\"63\" data-core=\"63\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">M50<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>6<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>3<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>6<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">61–63<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">8½<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">63–65<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">63–65<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"M52\" data-wear=\"6\" data-tough=\"3\" data-hot=\"6\" data-work=\"62\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"8.5\" data-surf=\"63\" data-core=\"63\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">M52<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>6<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>3<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>6<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">62–64<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">8½<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">63–65<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">63–65<\/td><\/tr>\n\n <tr class=\"ts-group\"><td colspan=\"9\">Tungsten high-speed steels<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"T1\" data-wear=\"7\" data-tough=\"3\" data-hot=\"8\" data-work=\"63\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"9.5\" data-surf=\"64\" data-core=\"64\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">T1<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>7<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>3<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">63–65<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">9½<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">64–66<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">64–66<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"T2\" data-wear=\"8\" data-tough=\"3\" data-hot=\"8\" data-work=\"63\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"9.5\" data-surf=\"65\" data-core=\"65\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">T2<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>3<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">63–66<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">9½<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">65–67<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">65–67<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"T4\" data-wear=\"7\" data-tough=\"2\" data-hot=\"8\" data-work=\"63\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"9.5\" data-surf=\"63\" data-core=\"63\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">T4<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>7<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>2<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">63–65<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">9½<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">63–66<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">63–66<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"T5\" data-wear=\"7\" data-tough=\"1\" data-hot=\"9\" data-work=\"63\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"9.5\" data-surf=\"64\" data-core=\"64\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">T5<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>7<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>1<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>9<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">63–65<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">9½<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">64–66<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">64–66<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"T6\" data-wear=\"8\" data-tough=\"1\" data-hot=\"9\" data-work=\"63\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"9.5\" data-surf=\"64\" data-core=\"64\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">T6<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>1<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>9<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">63–65<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">9½<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">64–66<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">64–66<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"T8\" data-wear=\"8\" data-tough=\"2\" data-hot=\"8\" data-work=\"63\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"9.5\" data-surf=\"64\" data-core=\"64\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">T8<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>2<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">63–65<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">9½<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">64–66<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">64–66<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"T15\" data-wear=\"9\" data-tough=\"1\" data-hot=\"9\" data-work=\"64\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"9.5\" data-surf=\"65\" data-core=\"65\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">T15<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>9<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>1<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>9<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">64–68<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">9½<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">65–68<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">65–68<\/td><\/tr>\n\n <tr class=\"ts-group\"><td colspan=\"9\">Chromium hot-work steels<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"H10\" data-wear=\"3\" data-tough=\"9\" data-hot=\"6\" data-work=\"39\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"8\" data-surf=\"52\" data-core=\"52\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">H10<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>3<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>9<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>6<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">39–56<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">8<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">52–59<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">52–59<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"H11\" data-wear=\"3\" data-tough=\"9\" data-hot=\"6\" data-work=\"38\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"8\" data-surf=\"53\" data-core=\"53\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">H11<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>3<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>9<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>6<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">38–55<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">8<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">53–55<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">53–55<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"H12\" data-wear=\"3\" data-tough=\"9\" data-hot=\"6\" data-work=\"38\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"8\" data-surf=\"53\" data-core=\"53\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">H12<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>3<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>9<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>6<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">38–55<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">8<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">53–55<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">53–55<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"H13\" data-wear=\"3\" data-tough=\"9\" data-hot=\"6\" data-work=\"40\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"8\" data-surf=\"51\" data-core=\"51\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">H13<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>3<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>9<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>6<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">40–53<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">8<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">51–54<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">51–54<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"H14\" data-wear=\"4\" data-tough=\"6\" data-hot=\"7\" data-work=\"40\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"8\" data-surf=\"53\" data-core=\"53\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">H14<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>4<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>6<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>7<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">40–54<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">8<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">53–57<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">53–56<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"H19\" data-wear=\"5\" data-tough=\"6\" data-hot=\"7\" data-work=\"40\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"8.5\" data-surf=\"48\" data-core=\"48\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">H19<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>5<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>6<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>7<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">40–55<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">8½<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">48–57<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">48–57<\/td><\/tr>\n\n <tr class=\"ts-group\"><td colspan=\"9\">Tungsten hot-work steels<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"H21\" data-wear=\"4\" data-tough=\"6\" data-hot=\"8\" data-work=\"40\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"9\" data-surf=\"45\" data-core=\"45\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">H21<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>4<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>6<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">40–55<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">9<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">45–63<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">45–63<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"H22\" data-wear=\"5\" data-tough=\"5\" data-hot=\"8\" data-work=\"36\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"9\" data-surf=\"48\" data-core=\"48\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">H22<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>5<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>5<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">36–54<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">9<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">48–56<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">48–56<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"H23\" data-wear=\"5\" data-tough=\"5\" data-hot=\"8\" data-work=\"38\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"7\" data-surf=\"34\" data-core=\"34\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">H23<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>5<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>5<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">38–48<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">7<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">34–40<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">34–40<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"H24\" data-wear=\"5\" data-tough=\"5\" data-hot=\"8\" data-work=\"40\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"9\" data-surf=\"52\" data-core=\"52\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">H24<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>5<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>5<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">40–55<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">9<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">52–56<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">52–56<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"H25\" data-wear=\"4\" data-tough=\"6\" data-hot=\"8\" data-work=\"35\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"9\" data-surf=\"33\" data-core=\"33\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">H25<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>4<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>6<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">35–45<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">9<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">33–46<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">33–46<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"H26\" data-wear=\"6\" data-tough=\"4\" data-hot=\"8\" data-work=\"50\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"9\" data-surf=\"51\" data-core=\"51\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">H26<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>6<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>4<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">50–58<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">9<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">51–59<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">51–59<\/td><\/tr>\n\n <tr class=\"ts-group\"><td colspan=\"9\">Molybdenum hot-work steels<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"H42\" data-wear=\"6\" data-tough=\"4\" data-hot=\"7\" data-work=\"45\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"8.5\" data-surf=\"54\" data-core=\"54\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">H42<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>6<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>4<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>7<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">45–62<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">8½<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">54–62<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">54–62<\/td><\/tr>\n\n <tr class=\"ts-group\"><td colspan=\"9\">Air-hardening, medium-alloy, cold-work steels<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"A2\" data-wear=\"6\" data-tough=\"4\" data-hot=\"5\" data-work=\"57\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"8.5\" data-surf=\"63\" data-core=\"63\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">A2<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>6<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>4<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>5<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">57–62<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">8½<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">63–65<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">63–65<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"A3\" data-wear=\"7\" data-tough=\"3\" data-hot=\"5\" data-work=\"58\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"8.5\" data-surf=\"63\" data-core=\"63\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">A3<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>7<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>3<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>5<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">58–63<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">8½<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">63–65<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">63–65<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"A4\" data-wear=\"5\" data-tough=\"4\" data-hot=\"4\" data-work=\"54\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"8.5\" data-surf=\"61\" data-core=\"61\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">A4<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>5<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>4<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>4<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">54–62<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">8½<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">61–63<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">61–63<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"A5\" data-wear=\"5\" data-tough=\"4\" data-hot=\"4\" data-work=\"54\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"8.5\" data-surf=\"60\" data-core=\"60\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">A5<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>5<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>4<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>4<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">54–60<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">8½<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">60–62<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">60–62<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"A6\" data-wear=\"4\" data-tough=\"5\" data-hot=\"4\" data-work=\"54\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"8.5\" data-surf=\"60\" data-core=\"60\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">A6<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>4<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>5<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>4<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">54–60<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">8½<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">60–62<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">60–62<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"A7\" data-wear=\"9\" data-tough=\"1\" data-hot=\"6\" data-work=\"58\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"8.5\" data-surf=\"64\" data-core=\"64\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">A7<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>9<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>1<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>6<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">58–66<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">8½<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">64–66<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">64–66<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"A8\" data-wear=\"4\" data-tough=\"8\" data-hot=\"6\" data-work=\"48\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"8\" data-surf=\"60\" data-core=\"60\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">A8<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>4<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>6<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">48–57<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">8<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">60–62<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">60–62<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"A9\" data-wear=\"4\" data-tough=\"8\" data-hot=\"6\" data-work=\"40\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"8\" data-surf=\"55\" data-core=\"55\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">A9<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>4<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>6<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">40–56<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">8<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">55–57<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">55–57<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"A10\" data-wear=\"3\" data-tough=\"3\" data-hot=\"3\" data-work=\"55\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"8\" data-surf=\"60\" data-core=\"60\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">A10<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>3<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>3<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>3<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">55–62<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">8<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">60–63<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">60–63<\/td><\/tr>\n\n <tr class=\"ts-group\"><td colspan=\"9\">High-carbon, high-chromium, cold-work steels<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"D2\" data-wear=\"8\" data-tough=\"2\" data-hot=\"6\" data-work=\"58\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"7.5\" data-surf=\"61\" data-core=\"61\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">D2<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>2<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>6<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">58–64<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">7½<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">61–64<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">61–64<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"D3\" data-wear=\"8\" data-tough=\"1\" data-hot=\"6\" data-work=\"58\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"7.5\" data-surf=\"64\" data-core=\"64\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">D3<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>1<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>6<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">58–64<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">7½<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">64–66<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">64–66<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"D4\" data-wear=\"8\" data-tough=\"1\" data-hot=\"6\" data-work=\"58\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"7.5\" data-surf=\"64\" data-core=\"64\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">D4<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>1<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>6<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">58–64<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">7½<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">64–66<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">64–66<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"D5\" data-wear=\"8\" data-tough=\"2\" data-hot=\"7\" data-work=\"58\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"7.5\" data-surf=\"61\" data-core=\"61\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">D5<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>2<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>7<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">58–63<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">7½<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">61–64<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">61–64<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"D7\" data-wear=\"9\" data-tough=\"1\" data-hot=\"6\" data-work=\"58\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"7.5\" data-surf=\"64\" data-core=\"64\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">D7<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>9<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>1<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>6<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">58–66<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">7½<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">64–68<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">64–68<\/td><\/tr>\n\n <tr class=\"ts-group\"><td colspan=\"9\">Oil-hardening cold-work steels<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"O1\" data-wear=\"4\" data-tough=\"3\" data-hot=\"3\" data-work=\"57\" data-depth=\"M\" data-grain=\"9\" data-surf=\"61\" data-core=\"59\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">O1<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>4<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>3<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>3<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">57–62<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">M<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">9<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">61–64<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">59–61<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"O2\" data-wear=\"4\" data-tough=\"3\" data-hot=\"3\" data-work=\"57\" data-depth=\"M\" data-grain=\"9\" data-surf=\"61\" data-core=\"59\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">O2<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>4<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>3<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>3<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">57–62<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">M<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">9<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">61–64<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">59–61<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"O6\" data-wear=\"3\" data-tough=\"3\" data-hot=\"2\" data-work=\"58\" data-depth=\"M\" data-grain=\"9\" data-surf=\"65\" data-core=\"50\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">O6<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>3<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>3<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>2<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">58–63<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">M<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">9<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">65–67<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">50–55<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"O7\" data-wear=\"5\" data-tough=\"3\" data-hot=\"3\" data-work=\"58\" data-depth=\"M\" data-grain=\"9\" data-surf=\"61\" data-core=\"59\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">O7<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>5<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>3<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>3<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">58–64<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">M<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">9<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">61–64<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">59–61<\/td><\/tr>\n\n <tr class=\"ts-group\"><td colspan=\"9\">Shock-resisting steels<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"S1\" data-wear=\"4\" data-tough=\"8\" data-hot=\"5\" data-work=\"50\" data-depth=\"M\" data-grain=\"8\" data-surf=\"55\" data-core=\"55\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">S1<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>4<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>5<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">50–58<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">M<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">8<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">55–58<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">55–58<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"S2\" data-wear=\"2\" data-tough=\"8\" data-hot=\"2\" data-work=\"50\" data-depth=\"M\" data-grain=\"8\" data-surf=\"61\" data-core=\"56\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">S2<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>2<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>2<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">50–60<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">M<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">8<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">61–63<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">56–60<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"S5\" data-wear=\"2\" data-tough=\"8\" data-hot=\"3\" data-work=\"50\" data-depth=\"M\" data-grain=\"9\" data-surf=\"61\" data-core=\"58\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">S5<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>2<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>3<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">50–60<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">M<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">9<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">61–63<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">58–62<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"S6\" data-wear=\"2\" data-tough=\"8\" data-hot=\"3\" data-work=\"50\" data-depth=\"M\" data-grain=\"8\" data-surf=\"56\" data-core=\"56\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">S6<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>2<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>3<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">50–56<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">M<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">8<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">56–58<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">56–58<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"S7\" data-wear=\"3\" data-tough=\"8\" data-hot=\"5\" data-work=\"47\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"8\" data-surf=\"59\" data-core=\"59\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">S7<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>3<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>5<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">47–57<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">8<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">59–61<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">59–61<\/td><\/tr>\n\n <tr class=\"ts-group\"><td colspan=\"9\">Low-alloy special-purpose steels<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"L2\" data-wear=\"1\" data-tough=\"7\" data-hot=\"2\" data-work=\"45\" data-depth=\"M\" data-grain=\"8.5\" data-surf=\"56\" data-core=\"54\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">L2<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>1<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>7<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>2<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">45–62<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">M<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">8½<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">56–62<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">54–58<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"L6\" data-wear=\"3\" data-tough=\"6\" data-hot=\"2\" data-work=\"45\" data-depth=\"M\" data-grain=\"8\" data-surf=\"58\" data-core=\"58\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">L6<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>3<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>6<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>2<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">45–62<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">M<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">8<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">58–63<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">58–62<\/td><\/tr>\n\n <tr class=\"ts-group\"><td colspan=\"9\">Low-carbon mold steels<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr class=\"ts-group ts-sub\"><td colspan=\"9\">For hubbed and\/or carburized cavities<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"P2\" data-wear=\"1\" data-tough=\"9\" data-hot=\"2\" data-work=\"58\" data-depth=\"S\" data-grain=\"0\" data-surf=\"62\" data-core=\"15\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">P2 (e)<\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>1(e)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>9<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>2(e)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">58–64 (e)<\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">S<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">…<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">62–65 (a)<\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">15–21<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"P3\" data-wear=\"1\" data-tough=\"9\" data-hot=\"2\" data-work=\"58\" data-depth=\"S\" data-grain=\"0\" data-surf=\"62\" data-core=\"15\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">P3 (e)<\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>1(e)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>9<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>2(e)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">58–64 (e)<\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">S<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">…<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">62–64 (a)<\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">15–21<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"P4\" data-wear=\"1\" data-tough=\"9\" data-hot=\"4\" data-work=\"58\" data-depth=\"M\" data-grain=\"0\" data-surf=\"62\" data-core=\"33\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">P4 (e)<\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>1(e)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>9<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>4(e)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">58–64 (e)<\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">M<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">…<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">62–65 (a)<\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">33–35<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"P5\" data-wear=\"1\" data-tough=\"9\" data-hot=\"2\" data-work=\"50\" data-depth=\"S\" data-grain=\"0\" data-surf=\"62\" data-core=\"20\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">P5 (e)<\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>1(e)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>9<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>2(e)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">50–64 (e)<\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">S<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">…<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">62–65 (a)<\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">20–25<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"P6\" data-wear=\"1\" data-tough=\"9\" data-hot=\"3\" data-work=\"58\" data-depth=\"M\" data-grain=\"0\" data-surf=\"60\" data-core=\"35\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">P6 (e)<\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>1(e)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>9<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>3(e)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">58–61 (e)<\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">M<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">…<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">60–62 (a)<\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">35–37<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr class=\"ts-group ts-sub\"><td colspan=\"9\">For machined cavities<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"P20\" data-wear=\"1\" data-tough=\"8\" data-hot=\"2\" data-work=\"30\" data-depth=\"M\" data-grain=\"7.5\" data-surf=\"52\" data-core=\"45\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">P20 (e)<\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>1(e)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>2(e)<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">30–50<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">M<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">7½<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">52–54<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">45–50<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"P21\" data-wear=\"1\" data-tough=\"8\" data-hot=\"4\" data-work=\"36\" data-depth=\"D\" data-grain=\"0\" data-surf=\"22\" data-core=\"22\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">P21<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>1<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>8<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>4<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">36–39 (e)<\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">D<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">…<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">22–26<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">22–26<\/td><\/tr>\n\n <tr class=\"ts-group\"><td colspan=\"9\">Water-hardening tool steels<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"W1\" data-wear=\"3\" data-tough=\"5\" data-hot=\"1\" data-work=\"58\" data-depth=\"S\" data-grain=\"9\" data-surf=\"65\" data-core=\"38\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">W1<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>2–4<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>3–7<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>1<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">58–65<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">S<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">9<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">65–67<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">38–43<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"W2\" data-wear=\"3\" data-tough=\"5\" data-hot=\"1\" data-work=\"58\" data-depth=\"S\" data-grain=\"9\" data-surf=\"65\" data-core=\"38\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">W2<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>2–4<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>3–7<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>1<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">58–65<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">S<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">9<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">65–67<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">38–43<\/td><\/tr>\n <tr data-grade=\"W5\" data-wear=\"4\" data-tough=\"5\" data-hot=\"1\" data-work=\"58\" data-depth=\"S\" data-grain=\"9\" data-surf=\"65\" data-core=\"38\"><td class=\"ts-grade\">W5<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>3–4<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>3–7<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-num\"><\/b><\/i>1<\/span><\/span><\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">58–65<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">S<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">9<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">65–67<\/td><td class=\"ts-hr\">38–43<\/td><\/tr>\n\n <\/tbody>\n <\/table>\n <div class=\"ts-empty\" id=\"ts-empty\">No grades match your search.<\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <h3 style=\"font-size:1em;margin:1.2em 0 .3em;color:var(--aobo-text);\">Notes & References<\/h3>\n <ol class=\"ts-notes-list\">\n <li>(a)<\/sup> Rating range from 1 (low) to 9 (high).<\/li>\n <li>(b)<\/sup> Wear resistance increases with increasing carbon content.<\/li>\n <li>(c)<\/sup> Toughness decreases with increasing carbon content and depth of hardening.<\/li>\n <li>(d)<\/sup> S, shallow; M, medium; and D, deep.<\/li>\n <li>(e)<\/sup> After carburizing.<\/li>\n <\/ol>\n\n \n <figure class=\"ts-fig\">\n <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/Plots-of-toughness-against-a-hot-hardness-and-b-wear-resistance-for-tool-steels.png\" alt=\"Toughness plotted against hot hardness and wear resistance for tool steels (ASM Handbook Fig. 6)\" loading=\"lazy\">\n <figcaption>Toughness plotted against (a) hot hardness and (b) wear resistance for tool steels. Types underlined indicate shallow-hardened tool steels. The area between the dashed lines in (b) represents average values.<\/figcaption>\n <\/figure>\n\n <div class=\"ts-grid\">\n <div class=\"ts-card\">\n <h2>Elastic modulus of tool steels<\/h2>\n For all practical purposes, the modulus of elasticity of all tool steels in all conditions is about 210 GPa (30 × 106<\/sup> psi)<\/b> at room temperature. It decreases uniformly to about 185 GPa (27 × 106<\/sup> psi)<\/b> at 260 °C (500 °F) and about 150 GPa (22 × 106<\/sup> psi)<\/b> at 540 °C (1000 °F).<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"ts-card\">\n <h2>Wear resistance<\/h2>\n Wear resistance increases with carbon content. At a given hardness, however, it may vary widely depending on the wear mechanism and heat treatment used. Steels with similar hardness can behave very differently under identical wear conditions.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"ts-card\">\n <h2>Toughness & testing<\/h2>\n At maximum hardness, most tool steels are brittle, so tensile testing rarely gives reliable strength values. Compression, bending and torsion tests are more useful; torsion impact testing gives reproducible data on the effect of composition and heat treatment, particularly for drills and tools loaded in torsion.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <div class=\"ts-disclaimer\">\n <h3>Supply Scope & Technical Reference Note<\/h3>\n Aobo Steel supplies tool steel in round bar and plate form, in annealed condition. Hardening, quenching and tempering are performed by the customer’s heat-treatment facility.<\/p>\n The property ratings and hardness data in this reference are relative comparisons compiled from ASM Handbook, Volume 1, Table 13. Actual performance depends on heat treatment, section size, tool geometry and service conditions. Always verify final properties and heat-treatment procedures with your heat-treatment facility.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n Source: ASM Handbook, Volume 1 — Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels, and High-Performance Alloys, Table 13 “General properties of tool steels” (data for grades marked “e” after carburizing). 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