{"id":16017,"date":"2026-06-22T21:15:25","date_gmt":"2026-06-22T13:15:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/?page_id=16017"},"modified":"2026-10-16T10:48:20","modified_gmt":"2026-10-16T02:48:20","slug":"a36-vs-tool-steel","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/pt\/a36-vs-tool-steel\/","title":{"rendered":"A\u00e7o A36 vs. A\u00e7o Ferramenta: Composi\u00e7\u00e3o, Dureza e Uso"},"content":{"rendered":"

A\u00e7o A36 vs. A\u00e7o para ferramentas<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

O A36 \u00e9 um a\u00e7o estrutural de baixo carbono para edif\u00edcios, pontes e fabrica\u00e7\u00e3o em geral. Os a\u00e7os-ferramenta s\u00e3o a\u00e7os de alto carbono e alta liga para corte, conforma\u00e7\u00e3o e moldagem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Os dois n\u00e3o s\u00e3o intercambi\u00e1veis: o A36 n\u00e3o atinge a dureza necess\u00e1ria para ferramentas, n\u00e3o possui resist\u00eancia significativa ao desgaste e nunca deve ser especificado em substitui\u00e7\u00e3o a um a\u00e7o ferramenta. Esta p\u00e1gina aborda a diferen\u00e7a de composi\u00e7\u00e3o e dureza, e qual a\u00e7o usar quando o A36 n\u00e3o for adequado.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O que \u00e9 o a\u00e7o A36?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

O A36, especificado pela norma ASTM A36, \u00e9 o a\u00e7o estrutural mais comum na Am\u00e9rica do Norte. Trata-se de um a\u00e7o de baixo carbono, projetado para constru\u00e7\u00f5es soldadas, incluindo estruturas de edif\u00edcios, pontes, placas de base e elementos estruturais em geral.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sua principal caracter\u00edstica \u00e9 o baixo teor de carbono, tipicamente em torno de 0,20 a 0,25%, sem conte\u00fado significativo de liga. Isso confere ao A36 excelente soldabilidade, boa ductilidade, baixo custo e ampla disponibilidade. No entanto, o baixo teor de carbono imp\u00f5e um limite m\u00e1ximo ao desempenho.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O A36 n\u00e3o pode ser endurecido muito al\u00e9m de 160-180 HB<\/a>, tem pouca resist\u00eancia ao desgaste e perde resist\u00eancia rapidamente acima de cerca de 200\u00b0C. Ele nunca foi projetado para ferramentaria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Composi\u00e7\u00e3o qu\u00edmica: A\u00e7o ferramenta A36 vs D2<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Elemento<\/th>A36<\/th>A\u00e7o ferramenta D2<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Carbon (C)<\/td>0,25-0,29% m\u00e1x.<\/td>1.40-1.60%<\/td><\/tr>
Sil\u00edcio (Si)<\/td>0,40% m\u00e1x.<\/td>0.10-0.60%<\/td><\/tr>
Mangan\u00eas (Mn)<\/td>0.80-1.20%<\/td>0.20-0.60%<\/td><\/tr>
Cromo (Cr)<\/td>Nenhum<\/td>11.0-13.0%<\/td><\/tr>
Molibd\u00eanio (Mo)<\/td>Nenhum<\/td>0.70-1.20%<\/td><\/tr>
Van\u00e1dio (V)<\/td>Nenhum<\/td>0.50-1.10%<\/td><\/tr>
F\u00f3sforo (P)<\/td>0,040% m\u00e1x.<\/td>0,030% m\u00e1x.<\/td><\/tr>
Enxofre (S)<\/td>0,050% m\u00e1x.<\/td>0,030% m\u00e1x.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

O A36 n\u00e3o cont\u00e9m cromo, molibd\u00eanio ou van\u00e1dio, os elementos que a formar carbonetos duros<\/a> e conferem ao a\u00e7o para ferramentas sua resist\u00eancia ao desgaste e temperabilidade. Seu teor de carbono tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 muito baixo para formar a martensita dura da qual depende o desempenho do a\u00e7o para ferramentas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O D2, em compara\u00e7\u00e3o, cont\u00e9m cerca de seis vezes mais carbono e \u00e9 fortemente ligado com cromo. \u00c9 por isso que ele pode atuar como a\u00e7o para ferramentas de trabalho a frio para corte, cisalhamento e resistente ao desgaste<\/a> enquanto o A36 n\u00e3o pode.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Por que o A36 n\u00e3o pode ser usado para matrizes e ferramentas de corte?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e3o consegue atingir a dureza necess\u00e1ria para ser usada em ferramentas.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

O teor de carbono do A36 \u00e9 muito baixo para ser endurecido por t\u00eampera. Em sua dureza m\u00e1xima, fica em torno de 160-180 HB, abaixo do limite inferior da faixa HRC usada para ferramentas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sem carbonetos, sem resist\u00eancia ao desgaste<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Os a\u00e7os para ferramentas cont\u00eam carbonetos de cromo e van\u00e1dio que resistem \u00e0 abras\u00e3o. O a\u00e7o A36 n\u00e3o cont\u00e9m nenhum desses elementos, portanto, desgasta-se rapidamente sob contato deslizante ou abrasivo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sem dureza a quente<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Graus para trabalho a quente, como o H13, mant\u00eam a dureza em temperaturas elevadas por meio de endurecimento secund\u00e1rio<\/a>. O A36 n\u00e3o possui tal liga e amolece rapidamente sob calor<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gr\u00e3o estrutural, n\u00e3o gr\u00e3o da ferramenta<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

O a\u00e7o A36 \u00e9 laminado para facilitar a soldabilidade e conferir ductilidade. Os a\u00e7os para ferramentas s\u00e3o processados para obter gr\u00e3os finos e uniformes que proporcionam reten\u00e7\u00e3o de fio, dureza e tenacidade.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As ferramentas de corte e conforma\u00e7\u00e3o geralmente necessitam de uma dureza de 58-64 HRC. Nenhum tratamento t\u00e9rmico consegue suprir essa necessidade para o A36, pois o carbono necess\u00e1rio para a forma\u00e7\u00e3o de martensita dura simplesmente n\u00e3o est\u00e1 presente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A lacuna de dureza<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Todas as classes de a\u00e7o ferramenta superam o A36 por uma ampla margem, mesmo antes do tratamento t\u00e9rmico.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Material<\/th>Dureza t\u00edpica ap\u00f3s uso<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
A36<\/td>120-180 HB, cerca de 70-89 HRB<\/td><\/tr>
4140, temperado e revenido<\/a><\/td>28-45 HRC<\/td><\/tr>
H13, temperado e revenido<\/td>44-52 HRC<\/td><\/tr>
A2<\/td>57-62 HRC<\/td><\/tr>
D2<\/td>58-60 HRC<\/td><\/tr>
A\u00e7o r\u00e1pido M2<\/a><\/td>62-65 HRC<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

O A36 em sua condi\u00e7\u00e3o pr\u00e1tica mais dura \u00e9 mais macio do que muitos a\u00e7os para ferramentas em sua condi\u00e7\u00e3o recozida, macia<\/a>. O D2 recozido, com cerca de 230 HB, j\u00e1 \u00e9 mais duro do que o A36 jamais alcan\u00e7ar\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quando o A36 \u00e9 a escolha certa<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

O A36 \u00e9 o material correto e econ\u00f4mico para trabalhos estruturais: estruturas e elementos estruturais de edif\u00edcios, fabrica\u00e7\u00f5es soldadas, placas de base, suportes de montagem e porta-matriz ou sapatas de matriz que suportam carga, mas n\u00e3o exigem corte ou conforma\u00e7\u00e3o. Nessas aplica\u00e7\u00f5es, sua soldabilidade e baixo custo s\u00e3o vantagens reais.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c9 o material errado para qualquer aresta de corte ou l\u00e2mina de cisalhamento, matriz, pun\u00e7\u00e3o ou ferramenta de conforma\u00e7\u00e3o, placa de desgaste, ferramenta de trabalho a quente ou qualquer pe\u00e7a que necessite de dureza de 40 HRC ou mais.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Se voc\u00ea est\u00e1 considerando o A36 para ferramentas: o que usar em vez disso?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Aplica\u00e7\u00e3o pretendida<\/th>Evitar<\/th>Use em vez de<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Matriz de corte, prot\u00f3tipo<\/td>A36<\/td>O1<\/a> ou A2<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
Matriz de corte, produ\u00e7\u00e3o<\/td>A36<\/td>D2<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
Dobrar ou moldar matriz<\/td>A36<\/td>A2 ou O1<\/td><\/tr>
L\u00e2mina de corte a frio<\/a><\/td>A36<\/td>D2<\/td><\/tr>
matriz de fundi\u00e7\u00e3o<\/td>A36<\/td>H13<\/a><\/td><\/tr>
Matriz de forjamento a quente<\/td>A36<\/td>H13<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Se o custo \u00e9 o motivo pelo qual o A36 est\u00e1 em considera\u00e7\u00e3o, a matem\u00e1tica geralmente se inverte quando ferramentaria est\u00e1 envolvida. Usar o material errado em uma matriz ou l\u00e2mina resulta em pe\u00e7as refugo, paradas n\u00e3o planejadas<\/a>, e substitui\u00e7\u00f5es frequentes, que custam muito mais do que especificar o a\u00e7o para ferramentas correto desde o in\u00edcio.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nota de fornecimento da Aobo Steel<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

A Aobo Steel fornece a\u00e7os para ferramentas e moldes: graus de trabalho a frio D2, D3, A2, O1, O2 e S7; graus de trabalho a quente H13 e H11; a\u00e7os para moldes P20 e P20+Ni; e a\u00e7os para ferramentas inoxid\u00e1veis 440C e 420.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Se a sua aplica\u00e7\u00e3o envolver matrizes, moldes ou ferramentas de corte e conforma\u00e7\u00e3o, podemos fornecer a classe correta em condi\u00e7\u00e3o recozida com certificados de f\u00e1brica.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u00e1ginas relacionadas<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Compara\u00e7\u00f5es de a\u00e7o para ferramentas:<\/strong> D2 vs A2<\/a> \u00b7 D2 vs S7<\/a> \u00b7 H13 vs A2<\/a> \u00b7 D2 vs 4140<\/a> \u00b7 D2 vs 440C<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u00e1ginas de refer\u00eancia:<\/strong> O que \u00e9 a\u00e7o para ferramentas<\/a> \u00b7 Sele\u00e7\u00e3o de a\u00e7o ferramenta por aplica\u00e7\u00e3o<\/a> \u00b7 A\u00e7os equivalentes para ferramentas<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fam\u00edlias de s\u00e9ries:<\/strong> A\u00e7os para ferramentas de trabalho a quente<\/a> \u00b7 Localizador de materiais de a\u00e7o ferramenta<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Os valores do A36 seguem a ASTM A36; as faixas de dureza do a\u00e7o para ferramentas s\u00e3o valores t\u00edpicos publicados. Confirme a faixa exata no certificado do fabricante para o lote entregue.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A36 Steel vs Tool Steel A36 is a low-carbon structural steel for buildings, bridges, and general fabrication. Tool steels are high-carbon, high-alloy steels for cutting, forming, and molding. The two are not interchangeable: A36 cannot reach tool hardness, holds no meaningful wear resistance, and should never be specified in place of a tool steel grade. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":16018,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"normal-width-container","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-16017","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nA36 vs Tool Steel: Hardness Limit and What to Use Instead<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A36 is structural steel, not tool steel. 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Tool steels are high-carbon, high-alloy steels for cutting, forming, and molding. 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