{"id":15548,"date":"2026-05-20T08:57:39","date_gmt":"2026-05-20T00:57:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/?page_id=15548"},"modified":"2026-05-20T08:58:27","modified_gmt":"2026-05-20T00:58:27","slug":"d-series-tool-steels","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/pt\/d-series-tool-steels\/","title":{"rendered":"D-Series Tool Steels: D2, D3, D5, D6 Grades Guide"},"content":{"rendered":"<section class=\"aobo-dseries-page\">\n\n  <style>\n    .aobo-dseries-page {\n      --aobo-blue: #0c56d0;\n      --aobo-blue-dark: #073b8e;\n      --aobo-blue-soft: #eaf2ff;\n      --aobo-blue-line: #c9dcff;\n      --aobo-border: #d7e5fb;\n      --aobo-text: #203044;\n      --aobo-muted: #617087;\n      --aobo-orange: #f59b23;\n      --aobo-white: #ffffff;\n      --aobo-shadow: 0 18px 45px rgba(12, 86, 208, 0.10);\n      font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;\n      color: var(--aobo-text);\n      line-height: 1.7;\n      background: transparent;\n      padding: 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<div class=\"aobo-wrap\">\n\n    <header class=\"aobo-hero\">\n      <span class=\"aobo-eyebrow\">Guia T\u00e9cnico de A\u00e7os para Ferramentas<\/span>\n      <h1>D-Series Tool Steels<\/h1>\n      <p>\n        D-series tool steels are high-carbon, high-chromium cold-work tool steels used for long-run dies, punches, knives, shear blades, drawing tools, thread-rolling dies, and wear-resistant tooling. They are selected when abrasive wear resistance, high hardness, compressive strength, and dimensional stability are more important than impact toughness.\n      <\/p>\n    <\/header>\n\n    <section class=\"aobo-product-strip\" aria-label=\"Available D-series tool steels from Aobo Steel\">\n      <h2>D-Series Tool Steel Grades Available from Aobo Steel<\/h2>\n      <p class=\"aobo-strip-intro\">\n        Aobo Steel supplies D-series tool steel in bulk round bar and flat bar for cold work dies, punches, shear blades, slitter knives, drawing tools, and wear-resistant industrial tooling.\n      <\/p>\n\n      <div class=\"aobo-product-grid\">\n\n        <article class=\"aobo-product-card\">\n          <h3>D2 | 1,2379 | SKD11<\/h3>\n          <p class=\"aobo-card-note\">Most widely used D-series grade for long-run dies, knives, punches, and wear-resistant tooling.<\/p>\n          <div class=\"aobo-buttons\">\n            <a class=\"aobo-btn aobo-btn-detail\" href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/pt\/d2-tool-steel\/\">Ver detalhes<\/a>\n            <a class=\"aobo-btn aobo-btn-inquiry hs-cta-trigger-button hs-cta-trigger-button-230288465624\" href=\"javascript:void(0);\">Enviar consulta<\/a>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/article>\n\n        <article class=\"aobo-product-card\">\n          <h3>D3 | 1.2080 | SKD1<\/h3>\n          <p class=\"aobo-card-note\">High-carbon, high-chromium cold work steel for abrasive wear and high compressive strength.<\/p>\n          <div class=\"aobo-buttons\">\n            <a class=\"aobo-btn aobo-btn-detail\" href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/pt\/d3-tool-steel\/\">Ver detalhes<\/a>\n            <a class=\"aobo-btn aobo-btn-inquiry hs-cta-trigger-button hs-cta-trigger-button-230288465624\" href=\"javascript:void(0);\">Enviar consulta<\/a>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/article>\n\n        <article class=\"aobo-product-card\">\n          <h3>D6 | 1,2436 | SKD2<\/h3>\n          <p class=\"aobo-card-note\">Chromium-tungsten cold work steel for high wear resistance and specialized tooling applications.<\/p>\n          <div class=\"aobo-buttons\">\n            <a class=\"aobo-btn aobo-btn-detail\" href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/pt\/d6-tool-steel\/\">Ver detalhes<\/a>\n            <a class=\"aobo-btn aobo-btn-inquiry hs-cta-trigger-button hs-cta-trigger-button-230288465624\" href=\"javascript:void(0);\">Enviar consulta<\/a>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/article>\n\n      <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n    <main class=\"aobo-article\">\n\n      <p>\n        The D-series includes D2, D3, D4, D5, D6, and D7. These grades share a similar high-carbon, high-chromium base, but they differ in alloy design, hardening behavior, toughness, wear resistance, and application range.\n      <\/p>\n      <p>\n        For most cold work tooling, D2 is the most practical starting grade. Other D-series grades are used when the application requires higher abrasion resistance, special heat-treatment behavior, or a specific equivalent grade such as 1.2436 \/ SKD2.\n      <\/p>\n\n      <h2>D-Series Tool Steel Grades and Equivalent Standards<\/h2>\n      <p>\n        The table below summarizes common equivalent standards for D-series tool steels. Equivalent grades should be checked against the required standard and the order specification, especially when the application has strict chemical composition or heat-treatment requirements.\n      <\/p>\n\n      <div class=\"aobo-table-wrap\">\n        <table class=\"aobo-table\">\n          <thead>\n            <tr>\n              <th>AISI \/ SAE<\/th>\n              <th>DIN \/ W.Nr.<\/th>\n              <th>EN \/ ISO Name<\/th>\n              <th>JIS<\/th>\n              <th>GB \/ Chinese Grade<\/th>\n              <th>BS \/ UK<\/th>\n              <th>AFNOR \/ France<\/th>\n              <th>Notas<\/th>\n            <\/tr>\n          <\/thead>\n          <tbody>\n            <tr>\n              <td>D2<\/td>\n              <td>1.2379<\/td>\n              <td>X153CrMoV12<\/td>\n              <td>SKD11<\/td>\n              <td>Cr12Mo1V1<\/td>\n              <td>BD2<\/td>\n              <td>Z150CDV12<\/td>\n              <td>Most common D-series equivalent group<\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr>\n              <td>D3<\/td>\n              <td>1.2080<\/td>\n              <td>X210Cr12<\/td>\n              <td>SKD1<\/td>\n              <td>Cr12<\/td>\n              <td>BD3<\/td>\n              <td>Z200C12<\/td>\n              <td>High-carbon, high-chromium cold work grade<\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr>\n              <td>D5<\/td>\n              <td>1.2880<\/td>\n              <td>Not commonly listed<\/td>\n              <td>Not commonly listed<\/td>\n              <td>Not commonly listed<\/td>\n              <td>Not commonly listed<\/td>\n              <td>Z160CKDV12-03<\/td>\n              <td>Cobalt-bearing D-series grade<\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr>\n              <td>D6<\/td>\n              <td>1.2436<\/td>\n              <td>X210CrW12<\/td>\n              <td>SKD2<\/td>\n              <td>Cr12W<\/td>\n              <td>Not commonly listed<\/td>\n              <td>Not commonly listed<\/td>\n              <td>Chromium-tungsten cold work grade<\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n          <\/tbody>\n        <\/table>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <h2>Chemical Composition of D-Series Tool Steels<\/h2>\n      <p>\n        D-series steels usually contain about 1.40% to 2.50% carbon and about 11.00% to 13.50% chromium. Their high carbide content is the main reason for their strong wear resistance, but it also increases processing difficulty and reduces toughness.\n      <\/p>\n\n      <div class=\"aobo-table-wrap\">\n        <table class=\"aobo-table\">\n          <thead>\n            <tr>\n              <th>Grau<\/th>\n              <th>Carbono<\/th>\n              <th>Cromo<\/th>\n              <th>Molibd\u00eanio<\/th>\n              <th>Van\u00e1dio<\/th>\n              <th>Other Main Elements<\/th>\n            <\/tr>\n          <\/thead>\n          <tbody>\n            <tr>\n              <td>D2<\/td>\n              <td>1.40-1.60%<\/td>\n              <td>11.00-13.00%<\/td>\n              <td>0.70-1.20%<\/td>\n              <td>1.10% max<\/td>\n              <td>Not primary<\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr>\n              <td>D3<\/td>\n              <td>2.00-2.35%<\/td>\n              <td>11.00-13.50%<\/td>\n              <td>Not primary<\/td>\n              <td>1.00% m\u00e1x.<\/td>\n              <td>W 1.00% max<\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr>\n              <td>D4<\/td>\n              <td>2.05-2.40%<\/td>\n              <td>11.00-13.00%<\/td>\n              <td>0.70-1.20%<\/td>\n              <td>1.00% m\u00e1x.<\/td>\n              <td>Not primary<\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr>\n              <td>D5<\/td>\n              <td>1.40-1.60%<\/td>\n              <td>11.00-13.00%<\/td>\n              <td>0.70-1.20%<\/td>\n              <td>1.00% m\u00e1x.<\/td>\n              <td>Co 2.50-3.50%<\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr>\n              <td>D6<\/td>\n              <td>About 2.10%<\/td>\n              <td>About 11.50%<\/td>\n              <td>Not primary<\/td>\n              <td>About 0.20%<\/td>\n              <td>W about 0.70%<\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr>\n              <td>D7<\/td>\n              <td>2.15-2.50%<\/td>\n              <td>11.50-13.50%<\/td>\n              <td>0.70-1.20%<\/td>\n              <td>3.80-4.40%<\/td>\n              <td>Not primary<\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n          <\/tbody>\n        <\/table>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"aobo-note-box\">\n        <p>\n          The composition table shows why D-series grades should not be selected by hardness alone. Higher carbon and carbide-forming elements can improve abrasion resistance, but they also increase the risk of chipping and make machining or grinding more difficult.\n        <\/p>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <h2>Properties of D-Series Tool Steels<\/h2>\n      <p>\n        D-series tool steels are used when abrasive wear is the main failure risk. Their performance comes from high hardness, high carbide volume, and strong compressive strength after proper heat treatment.\n      <\/p>\n\n      <div class=\"aobo-table-wrap\">\n        <table class=\"aobo-table\">\n          <thead>\n            <tr>\n              <th>Propriedade<\/th>\n              <th>D-Series Performance<\/th>\n              <th>Significado pr\u00e1tico<\/th>\n            <\/tr>\n          <\/thead>\n          <tbody>\n            <tr>\n              <td>Resist\u00eancia ao desgaste<\/td>\n              <td>High to extremely high<\/td>\n              <td>Suitable for abrasive materials and long production runs<\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr>\n              <td>Hardness after heat treatment<\/td>\n              <td>Alto<\/td>\n              <td>Commonly used in the high HRC range for cold work tools<\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr>\n              <td>resist\u00eancia \u00e0 compress\u00e3o<\/td>\n              <td>Alto<\/td>\n              <td>Useful for punches, dies, and tools under pressure<\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr>\n              <td>Estabilidade dimensional<\/td>\n              <td>Good in air-hardening grades<\/td>\n              <td>Important for precision dies, gages, and forming tools<\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr>\n              <td>Robustez<\/td>\n              <td>Baixo a moderado<\/td>\n              <td>Not ideal for severe impact or shock loading<\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr>\n              <td>Usinabilidade<\/td>\n              <td>Baixo<\/td>\n              <td>Cutting cost is higher than simpler cold work steels<\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr>\n              <td>Moabilidade<\/td>\n              <td>Baixo<\/td>\n              <td>Large carbide volume makes grinding more difficult<\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr>\n              <td>Resist\u00eancia \u00e0 corros\u00e3o<\/td>\n              <td>Limited<\/td>\n              <td>High chromium content does not make D-series steels stainless<\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n          <\/tbody>\n        <\/table>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <h2>Heat Treatment Overview for D-Series Tool Steels<\/h2>\n      <p>\n        D-series tool steels are normally supplied in an annealed condition for machining. Final working performance depends on hardening and tempering. Heat treatment controls hardness, wear resistance, internal stress, dimensional change, and cracking risk.\n      <\/p>\n\n      <div class=\"aobo-table-wrap\">\n        <table class=\"aobo-table\">\n          <thead>\n            <tr>\n              <th>Processo<\/th>\n              <th>Typical Range or Practice<\/th>\n            <\/tr>\n          <\/thead>\n          <tbody>\n            <tr>\n              <td>Recozimento<\/td>\n              <td>870-900 &deg;C, followed by slow cooling<\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr>\n              <td>Annealed hardness<\/td>\n              <td>About 217-255 HB<\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr>\n              <td>Al\u00edvio do estresse<\/td>\n              <td>650-705 &deg;C, followed by air cooling<\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr>\n              <td>Pr\u00e9-aquecimento<\/td>\n              <td>650-790 &deg;C<\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr>\n              <td>Austenitiza\u00e7\u00e3o D2<\/td>\n              <td>995-1030 &deg;C<\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr>\n              <td>Austenitizing D3<\/td>\n              <td>925-980 &deg;C<\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr>\n              <td>Austenitizing D5<\/td>\n              <td>1010-1095 &deg;C<\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr>\n              <td>Austenitizing D6<\/td>\n              <td>950-980 &deg;C<\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr>\n              <td>Austenitizing D7<\/td>\n              <td>1010-1080 &deg;C<\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr>\n              <td>Resfriamento<\/td>\n              <td>Air, oil, or controlled cooling depending on grade<\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr>\n              <td>T\u00eampera<\/td>\n              <td>Often double tempering<\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n          <\/tbody>\n        <\/table>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <p>\n        D2, D4, D5, and D7 are generally treated as air-hardening grades. Air hardening helps reduce distortion compared with oil quenching. D3 is traditionally oil hardened, so hardening control is more critical for tools with complex shapes or strict dimensional requirements.\n      <\/p>\n      <p>\n        Low tempering around 200 &deg;C is commonly used when high hardness and wear resistance are the priority. High-temperature tempering at 480-540 &deg;C can be used to exploit the secondary hardening response, especially when improved dimensional stability or tempering resistance is required.\n      <\/p>\n      <p>\n        Maximum hardness should not be the only target. For tools at risk of edge chipping or cracking, a slightly lower hardness may yield a longer service life than the highest possible HRC.\n      <\/p>\n\n      <h2>Applications of D-Series Tool Steels<\/h2>\n      <p>\n        D-series tool steels are used in cold work applications where wear resistance, edge retention, and dimensional control are more important than shock resistance. The table below connects common applications with suitable grades.\n      <\/p>\n\n      <div class=\"aobo-table-wrap\">\n        <table class=\"aobo-table\">\n          <thead>\n            <tr>\n              <th>\u00c1rea de aplica\u00e7\u00e3o<\/th>\n              <th>Suitable Grades<\/th>\n              <th>Reason<\/th>\n            <\/tr>\n          <\/thead>\n          <tbody>\n            <tr>\n              <td>Matrizes de corte<\/td>\n              <td>D2, D3, D4<\/td>\n              <td>Alta resist\u00eancia ao desgaste e \u00e0 compress\u00e3o.<\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr>\n              <td>Matrizes de estampagem<\/td>\n              <td>D2, D3<\/td>\n              <td>Suitable for long production runs<\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr>\n              <td>Pun\u00e7\u00f5es<\/td>\n              <td>D2, D3, D6<\/td>\n              <td>High hardness and pressure resistance<\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr>\n              <td>L\u00e2minas de tesoura<\/td>\n              <td>D2, D3, D5<\/td>\n              <td>Edge retention and wear resistance<\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr>\n              <td>Facas de corte<\/td>\n              <td>D2, D3<\/td>\n              <td>Cutting-edge stability<\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr>\n              <td>Matrizes de conforma\u00e7\u00e3o<\/td>\n              <td>D2, D4<\/td>\n              <td>Wear resistance with dimensional control<\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr>\n              <td>Desenho morre<\/td>\n              <td>D2, D3, D4<\/td>\n              <td>Sliding wear resistance<\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr>\n              <td>Matrizes de lamina\u00e7\u00e3o de roscas<\/td>\n              <td>D2<\/td>\n              <td>Abrasion resistance and low movement after heat treatment<\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr>\n              <td>Precision gages<\/td>\n              <td>D2<\/td>\n              <td>Estabilidade dimensional<\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr>\n              <td>Brick and ceramic molds<\/td>\n              <td>D7<\/td>\n              <td>Extreme abrasion resistance<\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr>\n              <td>Engraving rollers and valve seats<\/td>\n              <td>D6<\/td>\n              <td>Specialized wear-resistant applications<\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n          <\/tbody>\n        <\/table>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <h2>How to Choose the Right D-Series Tool Steel<\/h2>\n      <p>\n        The best D-series grade depends on the tool&#8217;s failure mode, required hardness, dimensional tolerances, heat-treatment method, and manufacturing cost.\n      <\/p>\n\n      <div class=\"aobo-table-wrap\">\n        <table class=\"aobo-table\">\n          <thead>\n            <tr>\n              <th>Main Requirement<\/th>\n              <th>Better Choice<\/th>\n              <th>Reason<\/th>\n            <\/tr>\n          <\/thead>\n          <tbody>\n            <tr>\n              <td>General cold work tooling<\/td>\n              <td>D2<\/td>\n              <td>Balanced performance and wide availability<\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr>\n              <td>Higher wear resistance than D2<\/td>\n              <td>D3, D4, D6, or D7<\/td>\n              <td>Higher carbide volume or special alloy design<\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr>\n              <td>Better dimensional control<\/td>\n              <td>D2, D4, D5<\/td>\n              <td>Air-hardening behavior reduces movement<\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr>\n              <td>Maximum abrasion resistance<\/td>\n              <td>D7<\/td>\n              <td>High carbon and high vanadium content<\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr>\n              <td>Alta resist\u00eancia \u00e0 compress\u00e3o<\/td>\n              <td>D3<\/td>\n              <td>Suitable for heavy pressure and gradual loading<\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n            <tr>\n              <td>Limited heated shearing or forming<\/td>\n              <td>D5<\/td>\n              <td>Cobalt improves resistance to softening<\/td>\n            <\/tr>\n          <\/tbody>\n        <\/table>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"aobo-note-box\">\n        <p>\n          If a tool made from A2 or O1 wears too quickly, D2 is often the first D-series grade to consider. If D2 still wears too fast without chipping, a higher-wear D-series grade may be suitable. If D2 chips or cracks, a tougher steel may solve the problem better than another harder D-series grade.\n        <\/p>\n      <\/div>\n\n    <\/main>\n\n    <section class=\"aobo-final-cta\">\n      <div>\n        <h2>Need Bulk D-Series Tool Steel Supply?<\/h2>\n        <p>\n          Aobo Steel supplies D2, D3, D6 and other D-series tool steel round bar and flat bar for bulk industrial orders. Send your required grade, size, quantity, and application.\n        <\/p>\n      <\/div>\n      <a class=\"aobo-btn aobo-btn-inquiry hs-cta-trigger-button hs-cta-trigger-button-230288465624\" href=\"javascript:void(0);\">Enviar consulta<\/a>\n    <\/section>\n\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tool Steel Technical Guide D-Series Tool Steels D-series tool steels are high-carbon, high-chromium cold-work tool steels used for long-run dies, punches, knives, shear blades, drawing tools, thread-rolling dies, and wear-resistant tooling. They are selected when abrasive wear resistance, high hardness, compressive strength, and dimensional stability are more important than impact toughness. D-Series Tool Steel Grades [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":15549,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"content-type":"","_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"normal-width-container","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-15548","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.6.1 (Yoast SEO v27.6) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>D-Series Tool Steels: D2, D3, D5, D6 Grades Guide - AoboSteel<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Compare D-series tool steels including D2, D3, D5, D6 and D7. 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