{"id":14844,"date":"2026-04-27T08:16:16","date_gmt":"2026-04-27T00:16:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/?page_id=14844"},"modified":"2026-10-16T13:18:11","modified_gmt":"2026-10-16T05:18:11","slug":"h13-vs-p20-steel","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/pt\/h13-vs-p20-steel\/","title":{"rendered":"A\u00e7o H13 vs. A\u00e7o P20: A resposta definitiva para a sele\u00e7\u00e3o de moldes e fundi\u00e7\u00e3o sob press\u00e3o"},"content":{"rendered":"

A\u00e7o H13 vs. A\u00e7o P20: Principais diferen\u00e7as, aplica\u00e7\u00f5es e como escolher<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

O P20 \u00e9 um a\u00e7o para moldes de pl\u00e1stico pr\u00e9-endurecido<\/a>, normalmente fornecido com cerca de 28\u201332 HRC. Ele \u00e9 projetado para usinagem eficiente, produ\u00e7\u00e3o est\u00e1vel de moldes e custo de fabrica\u00e7\u00e3o controlado. Para moldes de inje\u00e7\u00e3o de pl\u00e1stico padr\u00e3o que operam em condi\u00e7\u00f5es moderadas, o P20 costuma ser a escolha pr\u00e1tica. Detalhes de aplica\u00e7\u00e3o por tipo de molde, incluindo onde o P20 deixa de ser adequado, est\u00e3o em Aplica\u00e7\u00f5es do a\u00e7o para ferramentas P20<\/a> .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Em resumo, selecione P20 para custo e efici\u00eancia, e H13 para resist\u00eancia ao calor e ao desgaste.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O H13 \u00e9 um a\u00e7o para ferramentas de trabalho a quente.<\/a> Ele \u00e9 normalmente fornecido na condi\u00e7\u00e3o recozida, usinado primeiro e depois tratado termicamente at\u00e9 a dureza de trabalho exigida. \u00c9 usado quando a ferramenta precisa resistir a calor, fadiga t\u00e9rmica, desgaste abrasivo, alta press\u00e3o e longos ciclos de produ\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Principais diferen\u00e7as entre H13 e P20<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Caracter\u00edstica<\/th>A\u00e7o H13<\/th>A\u00e7o P20<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Steel type<\/td>A\u00e7o Ferramenta para Trabalho a Quente<\/td>A\u00e7o para Molde Pl\u00e1stico<\/td><\/tr>
Condi\u00e7\u00e3o de entrega comum<\/td>Recozido<\/td>Pr\u00e9-endurecido<\/td><\/tr>
Dureza de trabalho t\u00edpica<\/td>40\u201354 HRC ap\u00f3s tratamento t\u00e9rmico<\/td>28\u201332 HRC<\/td><\/tr>
Resist\u00eancia ao calor<\/td>Alto<\/td>Baixo<\/td><\/tr>
resist\u00eancia \u00e0 fadiga t\u00e9rmica<\/td>Alto<\/td>Limitado<\/td><\/tr>
Resist\u00eancia ao desgaste<\/td>Alto ap\u00f3s tratamento t\u00e9rmico<\/td>Moderado<\/td><\/tr>
Usinabilidade<\/td>M\u00e9dio<\/td>Excelente<\/td><\/tr>
Requisito de tratamento t\u00e9rmico<\/td>Requerido para o desempenho final.<\/td>Geralmente n\u00e3o \u00e9 necess\u00e1rio ap\u00f3s a usinagem.<\/td><\/tr>
N\u00edvel de custo t\u00edpico<\/td>Mais alto<\/td>Inferior<\/td><\/tr>
Melhor uso<\/td>Fundi\u00e7\u00e3o sob press\u00e3o, trabalho a quente, pe\u00e7as de molde de alto desgaste<\/a><\/td>Moldes pl\u00e1sticos padr\u00e3o, suportes, placas de apoio<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

O P20 oferece um desempenho \u00fatil do molde j\u00e1 na sua condi\u00e7\u00e3o pr\u00e9-endurecida. O H13 s\u00f3 atinge o seu desempenho m\u00e1ximo ap\u00f3s um tratamento t\u00e9rmico adequado.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Essa diferen\u00e7a afeta n\u00e3o apenas a dureza, mas tamb\u00e9m a rota de usinagem, o planejamento de entrega, Risco de distor\u00e7\u00e3o<\/a>, a vida \u00fatil da ferramenta e o custo total do molde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A\u00e7os H13 e P20 Equivalentes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ao adquirir H13 ou P20 internacionalmente, \u00e9 importante verificar a equival\u00eancia das classes de materiais, pois os compradores podem usar as designa\u00e7\u00f5es AISI, DIN, JIS, GB, UNS ou designa\u00e7\u00f5es locais.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Padr\u00e3o\/Regi\u00e3o<\/th>Equivalente a H13<\/th>Equivalente a P20<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
AISI \/ ASTM<\/td>H13 \/ ASTM A681 H13<\/td>P20 \/ ASTM A681 P20<\/td><\/tr>
UNS<\/td>T20813<\/td>T51620<\/td><\/tr>
DIN \/ W-Nr.<\/td>1.2344<\/td>1.2311<\/td><\/tr>
JIS<\/td>SKD61<\/td>Geralmente referenciado como a\u00e7o para moldes de pl\u00e1stico do tipo P20.<\/td><\/tr>
GB China<\/td>4Cr5MoSiV1<\/td>3Cr2Mo<\/td><\/tr>
BS<\/td>BH13 \/ H13<\/td>Refer\u00eancia BS 4659 P20<\/td><\/tr>
AFNOR<\/td>Z40CDV5<\/td>Refer\u00eancia do tipo Z 33 C 35<\/td><\/tr>
Graus modificados comuns<\/td>variantes H13<\/td>1,2738, 1,2312, 3Cr2MnNiMo<\/a><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Para a maioria das compras internacionais, as principais refer\u00eancias cruzadas s\u00e3o simples:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O H13 \u00e9 comumente associado ao 1.2344, SKD61 e 4Cr5MoSiV1<\/a>. O P20 \u00e9 comumente associado ao 1.2311 e ao 3Cr2Mo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dureza, tratamento t\u00e9rmico e usinabilidade<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

A dureza \u00e9 uma das diferen\u00e7as mais pesquisadas entre o H13 e o P20, mas n\u00e3o deve ser o \u00fanico fator avaliado. A quest\u00e3o mais importante \u00e9 como o a\u00e7o atinge sua condi\u00e7\u00e3o de trabalho.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Item<\/th>A\u00e7o H13<\/th>A\u00e7o P20<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Condi\u00e7\u00e3o de fornecimento<\/td>Recozido<\/td>Pr\u00e9-endurecido<\/td><\/tr>
Dureza t\u00edpica fornecida<\/td>Geralmente macio o suficiente para usinagem<\/td>Geralmente 28\u201332 HRC<\/td><\/tr>
Dureza de trabalho<\/td>Geralmente, 40\u201354 HRC ap\u00f3s o tratamento t\u00e9rmico.<\/td>Geralmente usado diretamente na dureza fornecida.<\/td><\/tr>
Rota de usinagem<\/td>Primeiro a usinagem, depois o tratamento t\u00e9rmico.<\/a><\/td>M\u00e1quina e uso direto<\/td><\/tr>
Risco de distor\u00e7\u00e3o<\/td>Deve ser controlado durante o tratamento t\u00e9rmico.<\/td>Baixa porque geralmente n\u00e3o \u00e9 necess\u00e1rio endurecimento final.<\/td><\/tr>
Principal vantagem<\/td>Resist\u00eancia a altas temperaturas, resist\u00eancia ao desgaste, resist\u00eancia \u00e0 fadiga t\u00e9rmica<\/td>Usinagem r\u00e1pida, custo reduzido, fabrica\u00e7\u00e3o de moldes est\u00e1veis<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

A liga P20 \u00e9 geralmente escolhida por economizar tempo de usinagem e eliminar a necessidade de tratamento t\u00e9rmico final. Para muitos moldes pl\u00e1sticos padr\u00e3o, uma dureza de 28\u201332 HRC \u00e9 suficiente. A vantagem da liga P20 n\u00e3o \u00e9 a dureza m\u00e1xima, mas sim a estabilidade na usinagem, o curto tempo de fabrica\u00e7\u00e3o e o menor custo do molde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O a\u00e7o H13 \u00e9 selecionado quando a ferramenta requer maior dureza de trabalho e melhor estabilidade t\u00e9rmica. Em fundi\u00e7\u00e3o sob press\u00e3o e ferramentas para trabalho a quente, o H13 \u00e9 frequentemente usado com dureza entre 44 e 48 HRC, dependendo da pe\u00e7a, da liga, da carga de impacto e das condi\u00e7\u00f5es de ciclo t\u00e9rmico.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Maior dureza nem sempre \u00e9 melhor.<\/a>. Se o H13 for exigido demais, a tenacidade pode diminuir e o risco de trincamento<\/a> pode aumentar. A dureza correta deve corresponder \u00e0 condi\u00e7\u00e3o de trabalho, n\u00e3o apenas ao maior valor de HRC poss\u00edvel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aplica\u00e7\u00f5es: Moldagem por Inje\u00e7\u00e3o, Fundi\u00e7\u00e3o sob Press\u00e3o e Modo de Falha<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

A escolha certa depende de como a ferramenta funciona e de como ela provavelmente falhar\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Condi\u00e7\u00e3o de aplica\u00e7\u00e3o\/falha<\/th>Melhor escolha<\/th>Raz\u00e3o<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Moldes padr\u00e3o para inje\u00e7\u00e3o de pl\u00e1stico<\/td>P20<\/td>Custo mais baixo, usinagem mais f\u00e1cil, condi\u00e7\u00e3o pr\u00e9-endurecida<\/td><\/tr>
Moldes pl\u00e1sticos para tiragens curtas a m\u00e9dias<\/td>P20<\/td>Bom equil\u00edbrio entre custo, estabilidade e desempenho do molde.<\/td><\/tr>
Bases de moldes grandes, suportes, placas de apoio<\/td>P20<\/td>Boa fun\u00e7\u00e3o de suporte sem custos desnecess\u00e1rios de liga met\u00e1lica.<\/td><\/tr>
Pl\u00e1sticos com carga de vidro ou abrasivos<\/a><\/td>H13<\/td>Melhor resist\u00eancia ao desgaste ap\u00f3s tratamento t\u00e9rmico.<\/td><\/tr>
Moldes pl\u00e1sticos de alto volume<\/td>H13<\/td>Maior vida \u00fatil da ferramenta em situa\u00e7\u00f5es onde o desgaste se torna um problema significativo.<\/td><\/tr>
\u00c1reas de entrada, insertos e se\u00e7\u00f5es de moldes de alto desgaste<\/td>H13<\/td>Maior durabilidade sob press\u00e3o e fric\u00e7\u00e3o<\/td><\/tr>
Fundi\u00e7\u00e3o de alum\u00ednio, magn\u00e9sio ou lat\u00e3o<\/td>H13<\/td>Melhor resist\u00eancia a altas temperaturas e \u00e0 fadiga t\u00e9rmica.<\/td><\/tr>
Cavidades, n\u00facleos e insertos para fundi\u00e7\u00e3o sob press\u00e3o<\/td>H13<\/td>Resiste a fissuras t\u00e9rmicas, eros\u00e3o e ciclos t\u00e9rmicos.<\/td><\/tr>
Pe\u00e7as de suporte para fundi\u00e7\u00e3o sob press\u00e3o em baixas temperaturas ou n\u00e3o cr\u00edticas<\/td>P20 pode ser usado<\/td>Adequado apenas para locais onde o calor e a eros\u00e3o s\u00e3o limitados.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Para moldagem por inje\u00e7\u00e3o padr\u00e3o, o P20 costuma ser o material mais pr\u00e1tico. Ele pode ser usinado e usado diretamente, reduzindo o tempo de fabrica\u00e7\u00e3o e evitando distor\u00e7\u00f5es por tratamento t\u00e9rmico.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O H13 torna-se mais adequado quando o pl\u00e1stico cont\u00e9m fibra de vidro ou cargas abrasivas, quando o molde precisa funcionar por um longo per\u00edodo ou quando a cavidade, o n\u00facleo, o ponto de inje\u00e7\u00e3o ou a \u00e1rea de inser\u00e7\u00e3o se desgastam muito rapidamente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Para fundi\u00e7\u00e3o sob press\u00e3o, o H13 geralmente \u00e9 o material base correto. A fundi\u00e7\u00e3o sob press\u00e3o exp\u00f5e a ferramenta a calor, ciclagem t\u00e9rmica, soldagem, eros\u00e3o e trincas t\u00e9rmicas. O P20 n\u00e3o \u00e9 projetado para esse tipo de servi\u00e7o repetido em alta temperatura<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Se a falha for causada por calor, fadiga t\u00e9rmica ou amolecimento, o tratamento superficial sozinho n\u00e3o pode transformar o P20 em H13. Uma camada nitretada ou revestimento<\/a> pode melhorar a dureza superficial, mas n\u00e3o pode compensar totalmente um a\u00e7o base que n\u00e3o possui resist\u00eancia a quente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Custo versus vida \u00fatil da ferramenta<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

A diferen\u00e7a econ\u00f4mica entre H13 e P20 est\u00e1 mais relacionada ao custo total do ciclo de vida da ferramenta do que apenas aos pre\u00e7os do a\u00e7o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O P20 geralmente reduz o custo inicial do molde, pois a usinagem \u00e9 mais f\u00e1cil e o tratamento t\u00e9rmico final muitas vezes \u00e9 desnecess\u00e1rio. Para moldes pl\u00e1sticos padr\u00e3o, produ\u00e7\u00e3o em lotes de pequeno a m\u00e9dio porte e pe\u00e7as que exigem menor resist\u00eancia ao calor, o P20 oferece custos iniciais mais baixos, mas pode exigir substitui\u00e7\u00e3o antecipada caso as ferramentas sejam submetidas a demandas maiores.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O a\u00e7o H13 tem um custo inicial mais elevado devido aos pre\u00e7os mais altos do a\u00e7o e ao tratamento t\u00e9rmico necess\u00e1rio, mas sua maior durabilidade pode prolongar a vida \u00fatil da ferramenta, reduzir o tempo de inatividade e diminuir os custos de manuten\u00e7\u00e3o em aplica\u00e7\u00f5es exigentes. Para fundi\u00e7\u00e3o sob press\u00e3o, pl\u00e1sticos abrasivos, aplica\u00e7\u00f5es de alta press\u00e3o ou de produ\u00e7\u00e3o em larga escala, o custo inicial mais alto pode resultar em economias totais maiores devido \u00e0 maior vida \u00fatil da ferramenta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fator de custo<\/th>A\u00e7o P20<\/th>A\u00e7o H13<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Custo da mat\u00e9ria-prima<\/td>Inferior<\/td>Mais alto<\/td><\/tr>
Custo de usinagem<\/td>Inferior<\/td>Mais alto<\/td><\/tr>
custo do tratamento t\u00e9rmico<\/td>Geralmente n\u00e3o \u00e9 necess\u00e1rio ap\u00f3s a usinagem.<\/td>Requerido para o desempenho final.<\/td><\/tr>
Prazo de entrega da fabrica\u00e7\u00e3o<\/td>Mais curto<\/td>Mais longo<\/td><\/tr>
Controle de distor\u00e7\u00e3o<\/td>Mais f\u00e1cil<\/td>Deve ser gerenciado durante o tratamento t\u00e9rmico.<\/td><\/tr>
Vida \u00fatil da ferramenta em moldagem de pl\u00e1stico moderada<\/td>Bom<\/td>Frequentemente desnecess\u00e1rio<\/td><\/tr>
Vida \u00fatil da ferramenta em servi\u00e7os quentes ou abrasivos<\/td>Limitado<\/td>Melhor<\/td><\/tr>
Melhor op\u00e7\u00e3o econ\u00f4mica<\/td>Moldes padr\u00e3o e produ\u00e7\u00e3o com custos controlados<\/td>Ferramentas para servi\u00e7o pesado e longos per\u00edodos de produ\u00e7\u00e3o<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Para compras, a pergunta relevante n\u00e3o \u00e9 apenas "Qual a\u00e7o \u00e9 mais barato?". Em vez disso, pergunte-se "Qual a\u00e7o oferece o menor custo total ao longo da vida \u00fatil esperada da ferramenta, considerando desempenho, durabilidade, substitui\u00e7\u00e3o e manuten\u00e7\u00e3o?".\u201c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Se a ferramenta funcionar em condi\u00e7\u00f5es moderadas de moldagem de pl\u00e1stico, o P20 geralmente oferece o melhor custo-benef\u00edcio. Se a ferramenta falhar devido ao calor, desgaste, press\u00e3o ou fadiga t\u00e9rmica, o H13 \u00e9 a op\u00e7\u00e3o mais segura a longo prazo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regra de Sele\u00e7\u00e3o Final<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Selecione P20 para fabrica\u00e7\u00e3o eficiente de moldes.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Selecione P20 para obter efici\u00eancia de usinagem, estabilidade dimensional e menor custo de molde na produ\u00e7\u00e3o padr\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Opte pelo H13 para servi\u00e7os exigentes.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Opte pelo H13 quando a ferramenta precisar suportar calor, fadiga, press\u00e3o, desgaste ou longos per\u00edodos de funcionamento.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O a\u00e7o P20 \u00e9 adequado para fabrica\u00e7\u00e3o de moldes eficiente e moderada; o H13 suporta ambientes mais quentes e exigentes. O a\u00e7o correto depende das condi\u00e7\u00f5es de trabalho e dos modos de falha esperados.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u00e1ginas relacionadas<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Compara\u00e7\u00f5es com H13:<\/strong> H13 vs A2<\/a> \u00b7 H13 vs H11<\/a> \u00b7 H13 vs 1.2367<\/a> \u00b7 H13 vs H21<\/a> \u00b7 H13 vs SKD61<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u00e1ginas de refer\u00eancia:<\/strong> Tabela de revenimento de a\u00e7o para ferramentas<\/a> \u00b7 Propriedades do a\u00e7o H13<\/a> \u00b7 Polimento e texturiza\u00e7\u00e3o de moldes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fam\u00edlias de s\u00e9ries:<\/strong> Classes de a\u00e7o para ferramentas<\/a> \u00b7 A\u00e7os para ferramentas da s\u00e9rie H<\/a> \u00b7 Localizador de materiais de a\u00e7o ferramenta<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Os valores de composi\u00e7\u00e3o, dureza e tratamento t\u00e9rmico s\u00e3o valores t\u00edpicos publicados para H13 \/ 1.2344 \/ SKD61 e P20 \/ 1.2311 \/ 3Cr2Mo. Confirme a faixa exata com o certificado do fabricante para o lote entregue.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

H13 vs P20 Steel: Key Differences, Applications, and How to Choose P20 is a prehardened plastic mold steel, usually supplied at about 28\u201332 HRC. It is designed for efficient machining, stable mold production, and controlled manufacturing cost. For standard plastic injection molds working under moderate conditions, P20 is often the practical choice. Application detail by […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":15023,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"normal-width-container","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-14844","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nH13 vs P20 Steel: Hot Work Tool Steel or Mold Steel<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"H13 vs P20: prehardened mold steel against heat-treated hot work steel. Compare condition, hardness, heat treatment, applications and mold cost.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/pt\/h13-vs-p20-steel\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_BR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"H13 vs P20 Steel: The Clear Answer for Mold and Die Casting Selection\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"H13 vs P20: prehardened mold steel against heat-treated hot work steel. 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