{"id":12849,"date":"2026-02-04T22:11:29","date_gmt":"2026-02-04T14:11:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/?page_id=12849"},"modified":"2026-09-15T17:30:44","modified_gmt":"2026-09-15T09:30:44","slug":"quench-cracking-tool-steel","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/pt\/quench-cracking-tool-steel\/","title":{"rendered":"Trincas por t\u00eampera em a\u00e7os ferramenta: causas, preven\u00e7\u00e3o e solu\u00e7\u00f5es"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Trincas por t\u00eampera em a\u00e7os-ferramenta: mecanismos, identifica\u00e7\u00e3o e preven\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

O que \u00e9 trincamento por t\u00eampera?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

A fissura\u00e7\u00e3o por t\u00eampera \u00e9 uma falha que ocorre durante ou logo ap\u00f3s o processo de t\u00eampera. As fissuras geralmente se iniciam na superf\u00edcie e se propagam para o interior ao longo de trajet\u00f3rias longitudinais ou radiais. Uma vez formadas, as pe\u00e7as n\u00e3o podem ser recuperadas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Por que ocorre a fissura\u00e7\u00e3o por t\u00eampera?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

A fissura\u00e7\u00e3o por t\u00eampera ocorre quando a tens\u00e3o interna gerada durante o resfriamento e a transforma\u00e7\u00e3o excede a resist\u00eancia \u00e0 tra\u00e7\u00e3o da estrutura endurecida.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Durante o resfriamento r\u00e1pido, a superf\u00edcie esfria e se contrai primeiro, enquanto o n\u00facleo permanece quente, criando um gradiente de temperatura que introduz tens\u00e3o mec\u00e2nica em toda a se\u00e7\u00e3o. Ao mesmo tempo, a transforma\u00e7\u00e3o de austenita em martensita produz expans\u00e3o volum\u00e9trica. Como a superf\u00edcie se transforma primeiro, ela se expande enquanto o n\u00facleo ainda \u00e9 d\u00factil e capaz de acomodar a deforma\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 medida que o resfriamento continua, o n\u00facleo atinge a temperatura de transforma\u00e7\u00e3o e come\u00e7a a se expandir. Nessa fase, a superf\u00edcie j\u00e1 se transformou em martensita r\u00edgida e n\u00e3o pode se deformar plasticamente. O n\u00facleo em expans\u00e3o exerce tens\u00e3o de tra\u00e7\u00e3o sobre a superf\u00edcie. Quando essa tens\u00e3o excede a resist\u00eancia local do material, trincas se iniciam na superf\u00edcie e se propagam para o interior.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 medida que o resfriamento continua, o n\u00facleo atinge a temperatura de transforma\u00e7\u00e3o e come\u00e7a a se expandir. Nessa fase, a superf\u00edcie j\u00e1 se transformou em martensita r\u00edgida e n\u00e3o pode se deformar plasticamente. O n\u00facleo em expans\u00e3o exerce tens\u00e3o de tra\u00e7\u00e3o sobre a superf\u00edcie. Quando essa tens\u00e3o excede a resist\u00eancia local do material, trincas se iniciam na superf\u00edcie e se propagam para o interior.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2192 Aprenda como funciona o processo de t\u00eampera no tratamento t\u00e9rmico de a\u00e7os para ferramentas.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fatores que influenciam o risco de fissuras<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

O risco de fissuras \u00e9 controlado pela forma como a tens\u00e3o \u00e9 gerada e concentrada durante o resfriamento r\u00e1pido.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A composi\u00e7\u00e3o do material afeta diretamente o comportamento de transforma\u00e7\u00e3o. Um maior teor de carbono aumenta a expans\u00e3o volum\u00e9trica e diminui as temperaturas de transforma\u00e7\u00e3o, reduzindo o relaxamento de tens\u00e3o e aumentando a suscetibilidade \u00e0 fissura\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A geometria controla a extra\u00e7\u00e3o de calor e a distribui\u00e7\u00e3o de tens\u00f5es. Cantos vivos, rasgos de chaveta e grandes diferen\u00e7as na espessura da se\u00e7\u00e3o criam um resfriamento n\u00e3o uniforme, o que concentra a tens\u00e3o em locais espec\u00edficos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A condi\u00e7\u00e3o da superf\u00edcie define onde as trincas se iniciam. Marcas de usinagem, defeitos de estampagem e descontinuidades metal\u00fargicas atuam como concentradores de tens\u00e3o. A descarboneta\u00e7\u00e3o superficial altera ainda mais o tempo de transforma\u00e7\u00e3o entre a superf\u00edcie e o n\u00facleo, aumentando a incompatibilidade durante o resfriamento.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O processo de austenitiza\u00e7\u00e3o afeta a resist\u00eancia estrutural. Temperaturas excessivas levam ao crescimento dos gr\u00e3os, reduzindo a resist\u00eancia \u00e0 fratura intergranular durante o resfriamento r\u00e1pido.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Identifica\u00e7\u00e3o na pr\u00e1tica<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

As fissuras de t\u00eampera s\u00e3o identificadas por sua origem, morfologia e caracter\u00edsticas metal\u00fargicas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As trincas geralmente se iniciam na superf\u00edcie e seguem os contornos de gr\u00e3o da austenita pr\u00e9via, resultando em uma trajet\u00f3ria de fratura intergranular. Se o revenido ocorrer ap\u00f3s a trinca, a oxida\u00e7\u00e3o no interior da trinca produz cores ou escamas caracter\u00edsticas do revenido, indicando que a trinca se formou antes do revenido. Em contraste, trincas formadas ap\u00f3s o tratamento t\u00e9rmico n\u00e3o apresentam oxida\u00e7\u00e3o interna.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A microestrutura circundante n\u00e3o apresenta descarboneta\u00e7\u00e3o, uma vez que o trincamento ocorre ap\u00f3s o est\u00e1gio de alta temperatura.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Preven\u00e7\u00e3o e Mitiga\u00e7\u00e3o<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

A preven\u00e7\u00e3o concentra-se na redu\u00e7\u00e3o da concentra\u00e7\u00e3o de estresse e na sincroniza\u00e7\u00e3o da transforma\u00e7\u00e3o ao longo de toda a se\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A geometria deve ser projetada para evitar transi\u00e7\u00f5es abruptas e grandes diferen\u00e7as de espessura, a fim de promover um resfriamento uniforme. O preparo da superf\u00edcie deve eliminar defeitos de usinagem e prevenir a descarboneta\u00e7\u00e3o durante o aquecimento.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Os m\u00e9todos de t\u00eampera devem ser selecionados para controlar a taxa de resfriamento e reduzir os gradientes de temperatura. Processos como a mart\u00eampera permitem a equaliza\u00e7\u00e3o da temperatura antes da transforma\u00e7\u00e3o, reduzindo significativamente a tens\u00e3o interna.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O revenimento deve ser realizado imediatamente ap\u00f3s a t\u00eampera, enquanto o componente ainda estiver quente, para aliviar as tens\u00f5es residuais e evitar o aparecimento de fissuras tardias.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sele\u00e7\u00e3o de Materiais e Temperabilidade<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

A sele\u00e7\u00e3o do material controla o n\u00edvel de tens\u00e3o desenvolvido durante o resfriamento r\u00e1pido.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Os a\u00e7os de baixa temperabilidade requerem resfriamento r\u00e1pido para atingir a dureza m\u00e1xima, o que produz gradientes t\u00e9rmicos acentuados e alta tens\u00e3o interna. Esses a\u00e7os s\u00e3o adequados apenas para geometrias simples.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

High-hardenability tool steels transform at slower cooling rates, allowing air or mild quenching. This reduces temperature gradients and internal stress, making them more suitable for complex shapes and large sections. The section each grade will harden through at a given quench is in the tool steel hardenability chart<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Quench Cracking in Tool Steel: Mechanisms, Identification, and Prevention What is Quench Cracking? Quench cracking is a failure that occurs during or shortly after quenching. Cracks typically initiate at the surface and propagate inward along longitudinal or radial paths. Once formed, the component cannot be recovered. Why Quench Cracking Occurs Quench cracking occurs when internal […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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Cracking in Tool Steel: Mechanisms, Identification, and Prevention What is Quench Cracking? Quench cracking is a failure that occurs during or shortly after quenching. Cracks typically initiate at the surface and propagate inward along longitudinal or radial paths. Once formed, the component cannot be recovered. Why Quench Cracking Occurs Quench cracking occurs when internal…","rttpg_featured_image_url":null,"rttpg_author":{"display_name":"Evan","author_link":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/pt\/blog\/author\/admin\/"},"rttpg_comment":0,"rttpg_category":null,"rttpg_excerpt":"Quench Cracking in Tool Steel: Mechanisms, Identification, and Prevention What is Quench Cracking? Quench cracking is a failure that occurs during or shortly after quenching. Cracks typically initiate at the surface and propagate inward along longitudinal or radial paths. Once formed, the component cannot be recovered. Why Quench Cracking Occurs Quench cracking occurs when internal…","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12849","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12849"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12849\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18471,"href":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12849\/revisions\/18471"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12849"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}