{"id":21136,"date":"2026-10-07T18:04:45","date_gmt":"2026-10-07T10:04:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/?page_id=21136"},"modified":"2026-10-10T22:00:05","modified_gmt":"2026-10-10T14:00:05","slug":"residual-stress-measurement-tooling","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/ko\/residual-stress-measurement-tooling\/","title":{"rendered":"\uacf5\uad6c\uc758 \uc794\ub958 \uc751\ub825 \uce21\uc815"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style>\n\n:root{\n    --aobo-accent:#2563eb; --aobo-accent-dark:#1e1e2e; --aobo-blue:#0c56d0; --aobo-blue-dark:#073b91;\n    --aobo-text:#333; --aobo-muted:#888; --aobo-border:#e5e7eb; --aobo-border-dark:#ddd;\n    --aobo-stripe:#f7f7f9; --aobo-hover:#e8f0fe; --aobo-radius:8px; --aobo-radius-sm:6px;\n    --aobo-orange:#f59e0b; --aobo-fill:#e9ecef;\n  }\n  *{box-sizing:border-box;}\n  html{-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;}\n  body{margin:0;background:#fff;color:var(--aobo-text);\n    font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,\"Segoe UI\",Roboto,\"Helvetica Neue\",Arial,sans-serif;\n    font-size:15px;line-height:1.6;}\n\n  \/* Root scope \u2014 WordPress theme guard *\/\n  .ts-props{color:var(--aobo-text);background:transparent;padding:0;box-sizing:border-box;line-height:1.6;}\n  .ts-props *{box-sizing:border-box;}\n  .ts-props button,.ts-props input[type=\"text\"]{\n    background:none !important;border:none !important;border-radius:0 !important;padding:0 !important;\n    margin:0 !important;font-size:inherit !important;font-weight:inherit !important;\n    letter-spacing:normal !important;text-transform:none !important;box-shadow:none !important;\n    line-height:inherit !important;text-decoration:none !important;}\n\n  .aobo-wrap{max-width:1160px;margin:0 auto;}\n\n  \/* Hero *\/\n  .ts-hero{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--aobo-border);border-radius:var(--aobo-radius);overflow:hidden;}\n  .ts-hero-top{padding:1.5em;background:var(--aobo-stripe);border-bottom:1px solid var(--aobo-border);}\n  .ts-kicker{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:6px;color:var(--aobo-accent);background:var(--aobo-hover);\n    border:1px solid var(--aobo-border);border-radius:var(--aobo-radius-sm);padding:4px 8px;\n    font-size:.85em;font-weight:600;margin-bottom:.8em;}\n  .ts-kicker span{width:6px;height:6px;background:var(--aobo-orange);border-radius:50%;display:inline-block;}\n  .ts-hero h1{margin:0;font-size:2rem;line-height:1.3;color:var(--aobo-text);text-align:center;}\n  .ts-hero-top p{margin:.6em auto 0;max-width:820px;font-size:.9em;line-height:1.6;color:var(--aobo-muted);text-align:center;}\n\n  \/* Tool area *\/\n  .ts-tool-area{padding:1.5em;}\n\n  \/* Legend *\/\n  .ts-legend{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin-bottom:1em;}\n  .ts-legend > span{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;font-size:.8em;color:var(--aobo-muted);\n    background:var(--aobo-stripe);border:1px solid var(--aobo-border);border-radius:var(--aobo-radius-sm);\n    padding:3px 8px;}\n  .ts-legend b{color:var(--aobo-text);font-weight:600;}\n  .ts-legend .ts-dot{width:9px;height:9px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--aobo-accent);display:inline-block;\n    padding:0;border:0;gap:0;}\n\n  \/* Controls *\/\n  .ts-controls{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:10px;align-items:center;background:var(--aobo-stripe);\n    border:1px solid var(--aobo-border);border-radius:var(--aobo-radius);padding:1em;margin-bottom:1.2em;}\n  .ts-search{flex:1 1 220px;max-width:340px;position:relative;}\n  .ts-props .ts-search input{width:100% !important;border:1px solid var(--aobo-border-dark) !important;\n    border-radius:var(--aobo-radius-sm) !important;padding:.5em .6em .5em 2em !important;\n    font-size:.92em !important;color:var(--aobo-text) !important;background:#fff !important;\n    outline:none !important;box-shadow:none !important;}\n  .ts-props .ts-search input:focus{border-color:var(--aobo-accent) !important;\n    box-shadow:0 0 0 2px rgba(37,99,235,.12) !important;}\n  .ts-search::before{content:\"\";position:absolute;left:.7em;top:50%;transform:translateY(-50%);\n    width:13px;height:13px;background:var(--aobo-muted);\n    -webkit-mask:url(\"data:image\/svg+xml;utf8,<svg xmlns='http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg' viewBox='0 0 24 24' fill='none' stroke='black' stroke-width='2'><circle cx='11' cy='11' r='8'\/><path d='m21 21-4.3-4.3'\/><\/svg>\") center\/contain no-repeat;\n    mask:url(\"data:image\/svg+xml;utf8,<svg xmlns='http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg' viewBox='0 0 24 24' fill='none' stroke='black' stroke-width='2'><circle cx='11' cy='11' r='8'\/><path d='m21 21-4.3-4.3'\/><\/svg>\") center\/contain no-repeat;}\n  .ts-chips{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:6px;}\n  .ts-props .ts-chip{border:1px solid var(--aobo-border-dark) !important;background:#fff !important;\n    color:var(--aobo-text) !important;border-radius:999px !important;padding:.4em .9em !important;\n    font-size:.8em !important;font-weight:600 !important;cursor:pointer !important;transition:all .15s !important;}\n  .ts-props .ts-chip:hover{background:var(--aobo-hover) !important;border-color:var(--aobo-accent) !important;}\n  .ts-props .ts-chip.on{background:var(--aobo-accent) !important;border-color:var(--aobo-accent) !important;color:#fff !important;}\n  .ts-count{font-size:.8em;color:var(--aobo-muted);margin-left:auto;white-space:nowrap;}\n\n  \/* Table *\/\n  .ts-table-wrap{overflow-x:auto;border:1px solid var(--aobo-border);border-radius:var(--aobo-radius);\n    background:#fff;box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(16,24,40,.04);}\n  table.ts-table{border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;min-width:880px;font-size:.88em;}\n  .ts-table thead th{position:sticky;top:0;z-index:2;background:var(--aobo-accent-dark);color:#fff;\n    border-bottom:0;border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.1);text-align:center;padding:.6em .7em;\n    font-size:.82em;font-weight:600;text-transform:none;letter-spacing:.02em;cursor:pointer;\n    white-space:nowrap;user-select:none;}\n  .ts-table thead th:last-child{border-right:0;}\n  .ts-table thead th .ts-arr{color:#ffd166;font-weight:700;margin-left:3px;}\n  .ts-table tbody td{padding:.55em .7em;border-bottom:1px solid var(--aobo-border);text-align:center;\n    vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap;}\n  .ts-table tbody tr:nth-child(even){background:var(--aobo-stripe);}\n  .ts-table tbody tr:hover{background:var(--aobo-hover);}\n  .ts-table tbody tr.ts-group td{background:#e8ecf1;font-weight:700;font-size:.78em;letter-spacing:.05em;\n    text-transform:uppercase;color:#3c4043;padding:.55em .7em;border-bottom:1px solid var(--aobo-border);\n    text-align:left;}\n  .ts-table tbody tr:not(.ts-group).ts-hide{display:none;}\n  td.ts-grade{font-weight:700;font-size:.95em;text-align:left;white-space:nowrap;color:var(--aobo-text);}\n  .ts-meter{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:7px;}\n  .ts-meter i{display:inline-block;width:44px;height:6px;border-radius:3px;background:var(--aobo-fill);overflow:hidden;}\n  .ts-meter i b{display:block;height:100%;border-radius:3px;background:linear-gradient(90deg,#4d94ff,var(--aobo-accent));}\n  .ts-meter span{font-size:.9em;font-weight:600;min-width:14px;}\n  .ts-hr{font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;font-weight:500;}\n  .ts-num{font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;}\n  .ts-sup{font-size:9px;color:var(--aobo-accent);vertical-align:super;line-height:0;}\n\n  \/* Footnotes *\/\n  .ts-notes-list{margin:1.2em 0 0;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--aobo-border);\n    border-left:3px solid var(--aobo-accent);border-radius:0 var(--aobo-radius) var(--aobo-radius) 0;\n    padding:1em 1.2em 1em 2.2em;font-size:.82em;color:var(--aobo-muted);line-height:1.7;}\n  .ts-notes-list li{margin-bottom:.3em;}\n  .ts-notes-list sup{color:var(--aobo-accent);font-size:10px;}\n\n  \/* Figure *\/\n  .ts-fig{margin:1.2em 0 0;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--aobo-border);border-radius:var(--aobo-radius);padding:1em;}\n  .ts-fig img{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;border-radius:6px;}\n  .ts-fig figcaption{font-size:.8em;color:var(--aobo-muted);margin-top:.6em;line-height:1.6;}\n  .ts-fig figcaption b{color:var(--aobo-text);}\n\n  \/* Info cards *\/\n  .ts-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(250px,1fr));gap:14px;margin-top:1.2em;}\n  .ts-grid .ts-card{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--aobo-border);border-left:3px solid var(--aobo-accent);\n    border-radius:0 var(--aobo-radius) var(--aobo-radius) 0;padding:1em 1.2em;}\n  .ts-grid h2{font-size:1em;margin:0 0 .4em;color:var(--aobo-text);}\n  .ts-grid p{font-size:.82em;color:var(--aobo-muted);margin:0;line-height:1.7;}\n  .ts-grid p b{color:var(--aobo-text);font-weight:600;}\n\n  \/* Disclaimer *\/\n  .ts-disclaimer{margin-top:1.2em;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--aobo-border);\n    border-left:3px solid var(--aobo-accent);border-radius:0 var(--aobo-radius) var(--aobo-radius) 0;\n    padding:1em 1.2em;}\n  .ts-disclaimer h3{margin:0 0 .5em;font-size:.95em;color:var(--aobo-text);display:flex;align-items:center;gap:6px;}\n  .ts-disclaimer h3::before{content:\"\\2139\";font-size:1em;color:var(--aobo-accent);}\n  .ts-disclaimer p{margin:0 0 .5em;max-width:none;color:var(--aobo-muted);line-height:1.7;}\n  .ts-disclaimer p:last-child{margin-bottom:0;}\n\n  \/* Empty \/ source *\/\n  .ts-empty{display:none;text-align:center;color:var(--aobo-muted);padding:2em 1em;font-size:.9em;}\n  .ts-empty.show{display:block;}\n  .ts-source{margin-top:.8em;color:var(--aobo-muted);font-size:.82em;line-height:1.58;}\n\n  @media (max-width:860px){\n    .ts-hero-top,.ts-tool-area{padding:1em;}\n    .ts-controls{flex-direction:column;align-items:stretch;}\n    .ts-search{max-width:none;}\n    .ts-count{margin-left:0;}\n    .ts-hero h1{font-size:1.5rem;}\n  }\n  @media (max-width:520px){\n    .ts-hero-top,.ts-tool-area{padding:.8em;}\n    table.ts-table{font-size:.82em;}\n    .ts-table thead th,.ts-table tbody td{padding:.4em .4em;}\n  }\n  table.ts-table thead th{cursor:default;}\n  table.ts-table td.ts-grade{font-weight:700;}\n  table.ts-table td.ts-type{white-space:normal;text-align:left;font-size:.92em;color:#555;min-width:150px;}\n  table.ts-table td.ts-long{white-space:normal;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-size:.92em;color:#444;\n    min-width:260px;line-height:1.55;}\n  table.ts-table td.ts-safe{white-space:normal;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;}\n  table.ts-table tbody tr:hover{background:var(--aobo-hover);}\n  table.ts-table tbody tr.ts-group:hover td{background:#e8ecf1;}\n  .ts-sec{margin:1.8em 0 .5em;font-size:1.02em;color:var(--aobo-text);font-weight:700;}\n  .ts-sec span{display:block;font-size:.8em;font-weight:400;color:var(--aobo-muted);margin-top:.15em;line-height:1.6;}\n  .ts-table-wrap{margin-top:.6em;}\n  .ts-tcap{margin:.5em 0 0;font-size:.78em;color:var(--aobo-muted);line-height:1.6;}\n  .ts-props a{color:var(--aobo-blue) !important;text-decoration:none !important;}\n  .ts-props a:hover{text-decoration:underline !important;}\n  .ts-rel{margin-top:1.2em;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--aobo-border);\n    border-left:3px solid var(--aobo-blue);border-radius:0 var(--aobo-radius) var(--aobo-radius) 0;padding:1em 1.2em;}\n  .ts-rel h3{margin:0 0 .5em;font-size:.95em;color:var(--aobo-text);}\n  .ts-rel p{margin:0;font-size:.85em;line-height:1.9;color:var(--aobo-muted);}\n  .ts-rel p a{font-weight:600;}\n\n  .aobo-ht-ref.ts-props table.ts-table.wraphead thead th{white-space:normal;line-height:1.25;}\n  .aobo-ht-ref.ts-props table.ts-table.wraphead tbody td{white-space:nowrap !important;}\n<\/style>\n\n<style id=\"aobo-dl-css\">\n.aobo-ht-ref.ts-props .ts-dl{display:flex !important;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;gap:1em;\n  background:var(--aobo-stripe) !important;border:1px solid var(--aobo-border) !important;\n  border-radius:var(--aobo-radius) !important;padding:1.1em 1.3em !important;margin:1.5em 0 !important;}\n.aobo-ht-ref.ts-props .ts-dl-txt{flex:1 1 340px;font-size:.95em;color:var(--aobo-text) !important;line-height:1.55;}\n.aobo-ht-ref.ts-props .ts-dl-txt strong{display:block;font-weight:700 !important;margin-bottom:.2em;color:var(--aobo-text) !important;}\n.aobo-ht-ref.ts-props a.ts-dl-btn{display:inline-flex !important;align-items:center;gap:.5em;\n  background:var(--aobo-blue) !important;color:#fff !important;border:1px solid var(--aobo-blue) !important;\n  border-radius:var(--aobo-radius-sm) !important;padding:.75em 1.35em !important;font-size:.95em !important;\n  font-weight:600 !important;text-decoration:none !important;white-space:nowrap;box-shadow:none !important;\n  line-height:1.3 !important;text-transform:none !important;}\n.aobo-ht-ref.ts-props a.ts-dl-btn:hover,.aobo-ht-ref.ts-props a.ts-dl-btn:focus{background:var(--aobo-blue-dark) !important;\n  border-color:var(--aobo-blue-dark) !important;color:#fff !important;}\n.aobo-ht-ref.ts-props a.ts-dl-btn svg{width:1.05em;height:1.05em;fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:2;flex:0 0 auto;}\n@media (max-width:640px){.aobo-ht-ref.ts-props a.ts-dl-btn{width:100%;justify-content:center;}}\n<\/style>\n\n<style id=\"aobo-ds\">\n.entry-content[class]{--ds-font-body: Lora,serif;--ds-font-head: Lato,sans-serif;--ds-blue: #0c56d0;--ds-blue-deep: #082d6f;--ds-blue-dark: #073b91;--ds-blue-soft: #eaf2ff;--ds-blue-pale: #f7fbff;--ds-border: #d7e5fb;--ds-border-soft: #e8eef8;--ds-text: #203044;--ds-muted: #617087;--ds-orange: #f59b23;--ds-shadow: 0 18px 45px rgba(12,86,208,0.10);--ds-shadow-sm: 0 12px 32px rgba(12,86,208,0.07);font-family: var(--ds-font-body);line-height: 1.7;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;box-sizing: border-box}.entry-content[class] *,.entry-content[class] *::before,.entry-content[class] *::after{box-sizing: border-box}.entry-content[class] h1{font-family: var(--ds-font-head) !important;font-size: clamp(24px,4vw,min(50px,var(--h1-max,50px))) !important;line-height: 1.08 !important;letter-spacing: 0 !important;font-weight: 400 !important;margin: 0 0 16px !important}.entry-content[class] h2{font-family: var(--ds-font-head) !important;font-size: 30px !important;line-height: 1.25 !important;letter-spacing: 0 !important;font-weight: 400 !important;margin: 44px 0 16px !important}.entry-content[class] h3{font-family: var(--ds-font-head) !important;font-size: 23px !important;line-height: 1.3 !important;letter-spacing: 0 !important;font-weight: 400 !important;margin: 30px 0 12px !important}.entry-content[class] h4{font-family: var(--ds-font-head) !important;font-size: 19px !important;line-height: 1.35 !important;letter-spacing: 0 !important;font-weight: 700 !important;margin: 24px 0 10px !important}.entry-content[class] p,.entry-content[class] li,.entry-content[class] dd,.entry-content[class] dt{font-family: var(--ds-font-body) !important;font-size: 17px !important;line-height: 1.7 !important}.entry-content[class] figcaption,.entry-content[class] small,.entry-content[class] .aobo-figure figcaption{font-size: 15px !important;line-height: 1.6 !important}.entry-content[class] table{width: 100%;border-collapse: collapse;background: #ffffff}.entry-content[class] table th,.entry-content[class] table thead th,.entry-content[class] table thead td{background: var(--ds-blue-soft) !important;color: var(--ds-blue-deep) !important;font-family: var(--ds-font-head) !important;font-size: 15px !important;font-weight: 700 !important;line-height: 1.45 !important;text-align: center !important;text-transform: none !important;letter-spacing: 0 !important;padding: 14px 16px !important;border: 0 !important;border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ds-border) !important;vertical-align: top !important;position: static !important}.entry-content[class] table td{font-family: var(--ds-font-body) !important;font-size: 15px !important;line-height: 1.55 !important;padding: 14px 16px !important;border: 0;border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ds-border-soft) !important;vertical-align: top !important;white-space: normal !important;text-align: center !important}.entry-content[class] table tbody tr:last-child td{border-bottom: 0 !important}.entry-content[class] table th.ds-text,.entry-content[class] table td.ds-text{text-align: left !important}.entry-content[class] table tbody tr:nth-child(even){background: #fafcff !important}.entry-content[class] table tbody tr:hover{background: #f2f7ff !important}.entry-content[class] table tbody td:first-child{color: var(--ds-blue-deep);font-weight: 700}.entry-content[class] .aobo-table-wrap,.entry-content[class] .ts-table-wrap{overflow-x: auto;margin: 22px 0 28px;border: 1px solid var(--ds-border);border-radius: 18px;box-shadow: var(--ds-shadow-sm);background: #ffffff}.entry-content[class] h1,.entry-content[class] h2,.entry-content[class] h3,.entry-content[class] h4{color: var(--ds-blue-deep)}.entry-content[class] p,.entry-content[class] li{color: var(--ds-text)}.entry-content[class] a{color: var(--ds-blue);font-weight: 700;text-decoration: none}.entry-content[class] a:hover,.entry-content[class] a:focus{color: var(--ds-orange)}.entry-content[class] .aobo-final-cta h1,.entry-content[class] .aobo-final-cta h2,.entry-content[class] .aobo-final-cta h3,.entry-content[class] .aobo-final-cta p,.entry-content[class] .aobo-cta h1,.entry-content[class] .aobo-cta h2,.entry-content[class] .aobo-cta h3,.entry-content[class] .aobo-cta p,.entry-content[class] .aobo-cta-buttons,.entry-content[class] .aobo-cta-buttons *,.entry-content[class] .aobo-esr .stat-band h2,.entry-content[class] .aobo-esr .stat-band h3,.entry-content[class] .aobo-esr .stat-band p,.entry-content[class] .aobo-esr .closing h2,.entry-content[class] .aobo-esr .closing h3,.entry-content[class] .aobo-esr .closing p,.entry-content[class] .footcta h2,.entry-content[class] .footcta h3,.entry-content[class] .footcta p,.entry-content[class] .bg-dark h2,.entry-content[class] .bg-dark h3,.entry-content[class] .bg-dark p,.entry-content[class] .ht-header h2,.entry-content[class] .ht-header h3,.entry-content[class] .ts-cta h2,.entry-content[class] .ts-cta h3,.entry-content[class] .aobo-sup .stats h2,.entry-content[class] .aobo-sup .stats h3,.entry-content[class] .aobo-sup .stats p,.entry-content[class] .aobo-sup .cta h2,.entry-content[class] .aobo-sup .cta h3,.entry-content[class] .aobo-sup .cta p{color: inherit}.entry-content[class] .aobo-final-cta p,.entry-content[class] .aobo-cta p,.entry-content[class] .aobo-sup .cta p{color: rgba(255,255,255,0.92)}.entry-content[class] .has-ast-global-color-0-background-color,.entry-content[class] .has-ast-global-color-0-background-color *,.entry-content[class] .contact-container,.entry-content[class] .contact-container *{color: #ffffff !important}.entry-content[class] .has-ast-global-color-0-background-color .label-text,.entry-content[class] .has-ast-global-color-0-background-color .label-text *,.entry-content[class] .contact-container .label-text{color: rgba(255,255,255,0.72) !important}.entry-content[class] .aobo-cta h1,.entry-content[class] .aobo-cta h2,.entry-content[class] .aobo-cta h3,.entry-content[class] .aobo-cta h4,.entry-content[class] .cta h1,.entry-content[class] .cta h2,.entry-content[class] .cta h3,.entry-content[class] .cta h4,.entry-content[class] .aobo-final-cta h1,.entry-content[class] .aobo-final-cta h2,.entry-content[class] .aobo-final-cta h3,.entry-content[class] .aobo-final-cta h4{color: #ffffff !important}.entry-content[class] .aobo-cta p,.entry-content[class] .aobo-cta li,.entry-content[class] .cta p,.entry-content[class] .cta li,.entry-content[class] .aobo-final-cta p,.entry-content[class] .aobo-final-cta li{color: rgba(255,255,255,0.93) !important}.entry-content[class] .aobo-cta p a,.entry-content[class] .aobo-cta li a,.entry-content[class] .cta p a,.entry-content[class] .cta li a,.entry-content[class] .aobo-final-cta p a,.entry-content[class] .aobo-final-cta li a{color: #ffffff !important;text-decoration: underline}.entry-content[class] .aobo-btn-inquiry{color: #ffffff !important}.entry-content[class] .aobo-cta .aobo-btn-inquiry,.entry-content[class] .aobo-final-cta .aobo-btn-inquiry{color: var(--ds-blue) !important}.entry-content[class] .aobo-wrap,.entry-content[class] .aobo-article{max-width: 1180px;margin: 0 auto;padding: 0}.entry-content[class] img{max-width: 100%;height: auto}.entry-content[class] figure{margin: 26px auto 34px;max-width: 860px}.entry-content[class] figure img{display: block;width: 100%;border: 1px solid var(--ds-border);border-radius: 18px;box-shadow: var(--ds-shadow-sm);background: #ffffff}.entry-content[class] .aobo-hero{background: linear-gradient(135deg,#ffffff 0%,#f7fbff 56%,#eaf2ff 100%);border: 1px solid var(--ds-border);border-radius: 28px;padding: 42px 38px;margin-bottom: 24px;box-shadow: var(--ds-shadow);overflow: hidden;position: relative}.entry-content[class] .aobo-hero::after{content: \"\";position: absolute;right: -90px;top: -90px;width: 260px;height: 260px;border-radius: 50%;background: rgba(12,86,208,0.08)}.entry-content[class] .aobo-hero h1,.entry-content[class] .aobo-hero p{position: relative;z-index: 2}.entry-content[class] .aobo-note-box{margin: 34px 0;padding: 22px 24px;border: 1px solid var(--ds-border);border-left: 5px solid var(--ds-orange);border-radius: 16px;background: #fbfdff}.entry-content[class] .aobo-note-box p{margin: 0 0 14px;color: var(--ds-muted) !important;font-style: italic}.entry-content[class] .aobo-note-box p:last-child{margin-bottom: 0}.entry-content[class] .aobo-btn{display: inline-flex;align-items: center;justify-content: center;min-height: 42px;padding: 10px 16px;border-radius: 999px;text-align: center;text-decoration: none;font-family: var(--ds-font-head) !important;font-weight: 700;font-size: 14px !important;line-height: 1.2;transition: all 0.2s ease;cursor: pointer;white-space: nowrap}.entry-content[class] .aobo-btn-primary{background: var(--ds-blue);border: 1px solid var(--ds-blue);color: #ffffff !important}.entry-content[class] .aobo-btn-secondary{background: #ffffff;border: 1px solid var(--ds-border);color: var(--ds-blue) !important}.entry-content[class] .aobo-btn:hover{transform: translateY(-1px)}.entry-content[class] .aobo-supply-actions{display: flex;flex-wrap: wrap;gap: 12px;margin-top: 18px}.entry-content[class] .aobo-supply-actions .aobo-btn{min-width: 190px}.entry-content[class] .aobo-final-cta{margin-top: 34px;padding: 34px;border-radius: 28px;background: linear-gradient(135deg,#073b91 0%,#0c56d0 100%);box-shadow: 0 18px 45px rgba(12,86,208,0.20);display: flex;align-items: center;justify-content: space-between;gap: 20px;flex-wrap: wrap}.entry-content[class] .aobo-final-cta h2{margin: 0 0 12px !important;font-size: 26px !important;color: #ffffff !important}.entry-content[class] .aobo-final-cta p{margin: 0}.entry-content[class] .aobo-final-cta .aobo-btn-primary{background: #ffffff;border-color: #ffffff;color: var(--ds-blue) !important}.entry-content[class] .aobo-final-cta .aobo-btn-secondary{background: transparent;border-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.75);color: #ffffff !important}.entry-content[class] .ts-hero{background: transparent !important;border: 0 !important;border-radius: 0 !important;box-shadow: none !important}.entry-content[class] .ts-hero-top{background: linear-gradient(135deg,#ffffff 0%,#f7fbff 56%,#eaf2ff 100%) !important;border: 1px solid var(--ds-border) !important;border-radius: 28px !important;padding: 42px 38px !important;margin: 0 0 24px !important;box-shadow: var(--ds-shadow) !important;position: relative;overflow: hidden;text-align: left !important}.entry-content[class] .ts-hero-top h1,.entry-content[class] .ts-hero-top p,.entry-content[class] .ts-hero h1{text-align: left !important}.entry-content[class] .ts-hero-top p{max-width: none !important;margin: 0 0 12px !important}.entry-content[class] .ts-tool-area{padding: 0 !important}.entry-content[class] .ts-sec{font-family: var(--ds-font-head) !important;font-size: 30px !important;line-height: 1.25 !important;font-weight: 400 !important;color: var(--ds-blue-deep) !important;margin: 44px 0 16px !important}.entry-content[class] .ts-sec > span{display: block !important;font-family: var(--ds-font-body) !important;font-size: 17px !important;line-height: 1.7 !important;font-weight: 400 !important;color: var(--ds-text) !important;margin: 0 0 16px !important}.entry-content[class] .ts-kicker{display: inline-flex !important;align-items: center;gap: 7px;margin: 0 0 14px !important;padding: 6px 14px !important;border: 1px solid var(--ds-border) !important;border-radius: 999px !important;background: #ffffff !important;color: var(--ds-blue) !important;font-family: var(--ds-font-head) !important;font-size: 13px !important;font-weight: 700 !important;letter-spacing: 0 !important;text-transform: none !important}.entry-content[class] .ts-p,.entry-content[class] .card-desc,.entry-content[class] .aobo-strip-intro,.entry-content[class] .schema-faq-answer{font-family: var(--ds-font-body) !important;font-size: 17px !important;line-height: 1.7 !important;font-weight: 400 !important}.entry-content[class] .lead,.entry-content[class] .fund-lead{font-family: var(--ds-font-body) !important;font-size: 19px !important;line-height: 1.65 !important;font-weight: 400 !important}.entry-content[class] .ts-h2{font-family: var(--ds-font-head) !important;font-size: 30px !important;line-height: 1.25 !important;font-weight: 400 !important;color: var(--ds-blue-deep) !important;margin: 44px 0 16px !important}.entry-content[class] .ts-h3{font-family: var(--ds-font-head) !important;font-size: 23px !important;line-height: 1.3 !important;font-weight: 400 !important;color: var(--ds-blue-deep) !important;margin: 30px 0 12px !important}.entry-content[class] .card-grade{font-family: var(--ds-font-head) !important;font-size: 23px !important;line-height: 1.25 !important;font-weight: 700 !important}.entry-content[class] .schema-faq-question{font-family: var(--ds-font-head) !important;font-size: 19px !important;line-height: 1.4 !important;font-weight: 700 !important;color: var(--ds-blue-deep) !important}.entry-content[class] .ts-source,.entry-content[class] .ts-hint,.entry-content[class] .ts-placeholder,.entry-content[class] .ht-spec-label,.entry-content[class] .ht-spec-value,.entry-content[class] .ht-step-indicator,.entry-content[class] .ht-badge,.entry-content[class] .idx,.entry-content[class] .xlink,.entry-content[class] .cat-note,.entry-content[class] .aobo-card-note,.entry-content[class] .card-desig,.entry-content[class] .k,.entry-content[class] .v,.entry-content[class] .note,.entry-content[class] .aobo-note{font-family: var(--ds-font-head) !important;font-size: 15px !important;line-height: 1.6 !important;font-weight: 400 !important}.entry-content[class] .ht-spec-label,.entry-content[class] .idx,.entry-content[class] .k{font-weight: 700 !important}.entry-content[class] .aobo-note,.entry-content[class] .note{font-family: var(--ds-font-body) !important;color: var(--ds-muted) !important}.entry-content[class] .chip{font-family: var(--ds-font-head) !important;font-size: 13px !important;font-weight: 700 !important}.entry-content[class] .kicker,.entry-content[class] .eyebrow,.entry-content[class] .aobo-eyebrow{display: inline-flex !important;align-items: center;gap: 7px;margin: 0 0 14px !important;padding: 6px 14px !important;border: 1px solid var(--ds-border) !important;border-radius: 999px !important;background: #ffffff !important;color: var(--ds-blue) !important;font-family: var(--ds-font-head) !important;font-size: 13px !important;font-weight: 700 !important;letter-spacing: 0 !important;text-transform: none !important}@media (max-width: 760px){.entry-content[class] h1{font-size: clamp(22px,6.4vw,min(34px,var(--h1-max,34px))) !important}.entry-content[class] h2{font-size: 25px !important}.entry-content[class] h3{font-size: 20px !important}.entry-content[class] h4{font-size: 17px !important}.entry-content[class] p,.entry-content[class] li{font-size: 16px !important}.entry-content[class] table th,.entry-content[class] table td{font-size: 14px !important;padding: 11px 12px !important}.entry-content[class] .aobo-hero{padding: 30px 22px}.entry-content[class] .aobo-final-cta{padding: 26px 22px}.entry-content[class] .aobo-final-cta .aobo-btn{width: 100%}}\n<\/style>\n<section class=\"aobo-ht-ref ts-props\">\n<div class=\"aobo-wrap\">\n\n<div class=\"ts-hero\">\n<div class=\"ts-hero-top\">\n<div class=\"ts-kicker\"><span><\/span>Tool Steel | Residual Stress | Measurement<\/div>\n<h1 style=\"--h1-max:46px\">Measuring Residual Stress in Tooling<\/h1>\n<p>A die that cracks after grinding, a mold that moves during final machining, a tool that distorts in service: these are residual stress problems, and they are the ones where a hardness figure or a certificate tells you nothing. Residual stress is not visible on a drawing and it is not measured on a purchase order, but it is measured in a laboratory, and knowing what the methods can and cannot resolve is what turns a suspicion into a finding. This page covers where the stress in a tool comes from, how it is measured, and why a few readings on one die usually prove nothing.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"ts-tool-area\">\n\n<h2 class=\"ts-h2\">Where the stress in a tool comes from<\/h2>\n<p class=\"ts-p\">Any manufacturing process that changes the shape of a solid, or that involves severe temperature gradients, leaves residual stress behind. The shape changing processes work through nonuniform plastic deformation, and they include forging, rolling, drawing and machining. The thermal processes work through the gradients they impose, and they include quenching, casting and welding. A third group imposes stress through a localised phase change, and martensitic hardening is the example that matters most on a tool.<\/p>\n<p class=\"ts-p\">Tempering is the other half of the stress story, and its effect on the field is measurable.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"ts-fig\"><img src=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Aobo-Steel-Residual-Stress-totten-fig-10-21-stress-distribution-cylinder-during-tempering.jpg\" alt=\"Residual stress distribution in a steel cylinder during tempering at 400 C for 2 h and for an infinite time\" width=\"1400\" height=\"869\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><figcaption>Fig. 10.21. Residual stress distribution in a steel cylinder during tempering at 400 &#176;C, after 2 hours and after a long hold, for the axial, circumferential and radial components. Tempering relaxes the field toward zero without reversing it, and most of the change happens early in the hold, which is the metallurgical reason a temper is written as a temperature and a minimum time rather than as a total cycle. The figure is credited in the source to Inoue, Haraguchi and Kimura, Transactions ISIJ, 1978. Source: M. Narazaki and G.E. Totten, Distortion of Heat-Treated Components, in Steel Heat Treatment: Metallurgy and Technologies (G.E. Totten, ed.), CRC Press, 2006, Fig. 10.21.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"ts-p\">A finished die has been through most of those. The bar was forged or rolled, then machined, hardened and tempered, ground, and often finished by electrical discharge machining. Each step leaves a layer of its own, and the resulting fields are not uniform: manufacturing residual stresses typically show very steep stress to distance gradients close to the surface, where the last operation that touched the part did its damage. It is not unusual for the residual stress at the surface of a machined part to be near the yield strength of the cold worked material. A shallow, highly stressed surface layer under a compressive or tensile core is exactly the condition that produces a crack at the working edge of a tool, and it is the reason the residual stress state of the surface matters more than the average through the section.<\/p>\n<p class=\"ts-p\">What the field looks like after a quench is the shape any measurement is trying to reproduce.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"ts-fig\"><img src=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Aobo-Steel-Residual-Stress-totten-fig-10-20-stress-distribution-cylinder-after-quenching.jpg\" alt=\"Residual stress distribution in a steel cylinder after quenching: axial, circumferential and radial stress against radius\" width=\"568\" height=\"663\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><figcaption>Fig. 10.20. Residual stress distribution in a steel cylinder after quenching: axial, circumferential and radial stress against radius. In this case the surface ends up in compression and the core in tension, which is the stress pattern that resists cracking rather than causing it, and the opposite of the pattern a fast quench on a thin part produces. The example is a plain carbon steel cylinder, and the point for this page is the shape of the field: a single reading at one depth samples one point on curves like these. The figure is credited in the source to Inoue, Haraguchi and Kimura, Transactions ISIJ, 1978. Source: M. Narazaki and G.E. Totten, Distortion of Heat-Treated Components, in Steel Heat Treatment: Metallurgy and Technologies (G.E. Totten, ed.), CRC Press, 2006, Fig. 10.20.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"ts-p\">A measured profile through a carburized case shows the shape the discussion above describes.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"ts-fig\"><img src=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Aobo-Steel-Residual-Stress-totten-fig-7-23-residual-stresses-in-carburized-case.jpg\" alt=\"Residual stress profiles in the carburized case of 15CrNi6, 14NiCr14 and 14NiCr18 in the as-quenched condition, against distance from the surface\" width=\"1329\" height=\"807\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><figcaption>Fig. 7.23. Residual stresses in the carburized case of 15CrNi6, 14NiCr14 and 14NiCr18 in the as-quenched condition, against distance from the surface. The stress is compressive through the case, reaches its most negative value about 0.8 mm below the surface and eases again toward the core. That compressive layer, not the average stress through the section, is what a measurement has to resolve. Source: J. Grosch, Heat Treatment with Gaseous Atmospheres, in Steel Heat Treatment: Metallurgy and Technologies (G.E. Totten, ed.), CRC Press, 2006, Fig. 7.23.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n<h2 class=\"ts-h2\">What a measurement actually measures<\/h2>\n<p class=\"ts-p\">Stress is never the quantity measured, because stress is applied to a metal and can only be observed in the process of being applied. What the methods measure is elastic strain, either the strain produced by the residual stress that is already in the part, or the change in strain that occurs when some or all of that stress is relieved. The stress is then calculated from the measured strain using the elastic constants of the metal. That distinction separates the two families of test: the nondestructive methods measure the strain response of the material in place, while the destructive and semidestructive methods measure the strain change caused by removing material.<\/p>\n<p class=\"ts-p\">The published classification of the techniques runs to four families, and almost everything used in practice sits in the first two blocks: relaxation methods read with strain gauges, X-ray diffraction, methods built on stress sensitive properties such as ultrasonic velocity, and cracking methods. The tables below set out the practical comparison and then the methods that consume or disturb the part.<\/p>\n<div class=\"ts-table-wrap\" style=\"width:fit-content;max-width:100%\">\n<table class=\"ts-table\" style=\"min-width:820px;\">\n<thead><tr><th>Method<\/th><th>What it measures<\/th><th>Destructive?<\/th><th>Portable<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td class=\"ts-type\">X-ray diffraction<\/td><td>Elastic strain in the crystal lattice, in place on the part<\/td><td>No<\/td><td>Yes, instruments are taken to the component<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"ts-type\">Hole drilling<\/td><td>Change in surface strain when a shallow hole is machined, per ASTM E837<\/td><td>Semidestructive, hole can often be repaired<\/td><td>Yes<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"ts-type\">Ring coring<\/td><td>Strain change as a shallow ring is trepanned around a strain gauge, isolating a stress-free island<\/td><td>Semidestructive<\/td><td>Yes<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"ts-type\">Layer removal<\/td><td>Strain or bend as layers are machined away, giving the through-thickness profile<\/td><td>Yes, the part is consumed<\/td><td>No<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"ts-type\">Ultrasonic<\/td><td>A stress sensitive property such as polarised wave velocity or attenuation<\/td><td>No, in the cases where it applies<\/td><td>Yes<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"ts-type\">Chemical cracking<\/td><td>Whether hydrogen induced or stress corrosion cracking occurs, which shows the stress state indirectly<\/td><td>Qualitative only<\/td><td>. . .<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"ts-tcap\"><em>Residual stress measurement methods compared. Compiled from the article text.<\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"ts-p\">Hole drilling is the method most often used on a part that has to survive the test. A shallow hole is machined into the surface, which lets the stressed material that was removed readjust its neighbours toward equilibrium, and the resulting change in surface strain is picked up by a strain gauge rosette. The method is standardised as ASTM E837. Ring coring does the same job in the opposite direction: a shallow ring is trepanned around a gauge so that an almost stress free island of material is isolated inside it. Both are quantitative, and both can often be repaired afterwards. Indentation type methods, in the same group, give only qualitative information.<\/p>\n<p class=\"ts-p\">Layer removal goes the other way and consumes the part, but it returns the profile through the thickness rather than a value at the surface. Material is machined from one face of a bar or a plate, and the bend or the strain developed by the remaining layers is measured, using electrical resistance strain gauges or previously by sensitive mechanical gauging. The depth removed in each step has to be significantly greater than the depth of plastic deformation caused by the machining itself, and large enough to produce a measurable bend, or the removal operation contaminates the result it is trying to read.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"ts-h2\">Sectioning changes the thing being measured<\/h2>\n<p class=\"ts-p\">Cutting a component to get at its stresses relieves and introduces stress at the same time, so a section removed from a whole no longer carries the stress field of the whole. Reconstructing the original field requires assumptions about the nature of the field, including its magnitudes and gradients, and about whether the gradients can be treated as one, two or three dimensional. The larger the element taken and the steeper the gradient, the less quantitative and the more qualitative the result becomes. Where a section is measured afterwards by X-ray diffraction, the plastically deformed surface left by the cutting has to be removed first, normally by electropolishing, or the measurement reports the damage that the sectioning did rather than the stress that was in the part.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"ts-h2\">X-ray diffraction and the resolution problem<\/h2>\n<p class=\"ts-p\">X-ray diffraction measures lattice strain directly on the part, without removing material, and instruments dedicated to stress measurement can be taken to a component in the field, which is how the stress in a buried pipeline is checked without cutting it. The practical constraint is resolution. Because the gradients in a manufactured part are steep, the volume over which a measurement resolves the stress usually has to be on the order of 1 mm or less; a measurement volume larger than that averages the stress and can miss the peak entirely. Dedicated XRD instruments, hole drilling procedures and, in special cases, ultrasonic instrumentation can meet that, and some XRD instruments offer automated stress mapping across a surface.<\/p>\n<p class=\"ts-p\">A frequent source of confusion is that <a href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/xrd-residual-stress-measurement-tool-steel\/\">X-ray diffraction and hole drilling often return different numbers<\/a> on the same part. The disagreement is nearly always about volume: the two methods do not sample the same region of a steep gradient. When hole drilling results were extrapolated to the surface they approached the values that XRD had measured at the surface. Neither number was wrong; they described different depths of the same field.<\/p>\n<p class=\"ts-p\">Microstructure can bias any of these methods, and on tool steel the phase composition is the obvious one. In a mixed structure the stress in one phase is not the stress in the other: the readings below come from a single weldment, and the austenite and the ferrite disagree by a factor of two to three at the same distance from the fusion line. Plastic strain, grain size and crystallographic texture are further sources of error. The article is explicit that whether these characteristics are affecting a measurement should be assessed by an expert in the method being used.<\/p>\n<div class=\"ts-table-wrap\" style=\"width:fit-content;max-width:100%\">\n<table class=\"ts-table\" style=\"min-width:620px;\">\n<thead><tr><th>Distance from the weld fusion line, mm<\/th><th>Stress in austenite, MPa<\/th><th>Stress in ferrite, MPa<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td class=\"ts-num\">1.02<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">-145<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">-315<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"ts-num\">1.80<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">-130<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">-460<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"ts-tcap\"><em>Residual stress readings taken in the two phases of a 316 stainless steel pipe weldment, at the same distance from the fusion line. Source, Table 2 of Residual Stress Measurements, ASM Handbook Volume 8.<\/em><\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"ts-h2\">Why a few readings are usually not enough<\/h2>\n<p class=\"ts-p\">Because the stress fields are nonuniform and steep, a handful of measurements on one or two components commonly produces a wrong conclusion about the field. Tens to hundreds of measurements, with resolution of about a millimetre, may be needed to find the location and the magnitude of the maximum tensile residual stress. Two situations change the arithmetic. Where the cause of the stress is understood, the distribution can often be predicted from the literature or from modelling, and a model of the expected field tells the investigator which method to use and where to put the measurements. Where the cause is not evident, there is no shortcut: the measurement programme has to be designed without prior knowledge, and the article recommends consulting both the literature and specialists in residual stress measurement before starting.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"ts-h2\">What this means on a tool steel job<\/h2>\n<p class=\"ts-p\">On a tool failure the first question is which process put the stress there, because that decides both the measurement and the fix. A crack that opens after grinding or after electrical discharge machining points at the surface layer those operations leave; our pages on <a href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/blog\/edm-tool-steel-white-layer\/\">the EDM white layer<\/a> and on <a href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/tool-steel-grindability-and-grinding-wheel-selection\/\">grinding tool steel<\/a> cover the process side. A tool that moves during final machining, or that changes dimensions after hardening, is a through-thickness problem, and layer removal on a coupon from the same bar is the method that answers it. A die that cracks in service has both a stress history and a service load, and separating them needs the service stress as well.<\/p>\n<p class=\"ts-p\">Two practical rules follow for anyone buying or supplying tool steel. A single stress reading on one part is not evidence of a field; ask instead how many measurements were taken, where, and by what method. And a stress measurement is only useful against a model of where the stress came from, so the process history of the part belongs with the numbers. Distortion behaviour after hardening is discussed further in <a href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/tool-steel-distortion-and-pm-steels\/\">tool steel distortion<\/a>, and cracking during hardening in <a href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/quench-cracking-tool-steel\/\">quench cracking<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"ts-disclaimer\">\n<h3>Before acting on a residual stress reading<\/h3>\n<p>A reference table only, it is not an Aobo Steel specification. A residual stress value belongs with the method that produced it, the volume it resolved and the process that created it. Confirm the measurement method and the number and location of the readings before a stress figure is used to change a process or reject a part.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n<p class=\"ts-source\">Source: ASM Handbook, Volume 8, Mechanical Testing and Evaluation, ASM International, 2000. Article Residual Stress Measurements by Clayton O. Ruud, The Pennsylvania State University (PDF p2071-2118).<\/p>\n\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tool Steel | Residual Stress | Measurement Measuring Residual Stress in Tooling A die that cracks after grinding, a mold that moves during final machining, a tool that distorts in service: these are residual stress problems, and they are the ones where a hardness figure or a certificate tells you nothing. Residual stress is not [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-21136","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.6 (Yoast SEO v28.6) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Residual Stress Measurement in Tooling and Dies<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Where residual stress in tool steel comes from and how it is measured: X-ray diffraction, hole drilling, ring coring and layer removal, and their limits.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/ko\/residual-stress-measurement-tooling\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ko_KR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Measuring Residual Stress in Tooling\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Where residual stress in tool steel comes from and how it is measured: X-ray diffraction, hole drilling, ring coring and layer removal, and their limits.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/ko\/residual-stress-measurement-tooling\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"AoboSteel\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/profile.php?id=61565368220197\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-10-10T14:00:05+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Aobo-Steel-Residual-Stress-totten-fig-10-21-stress-distribution-cylinder-during-tempering.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\uc608\uc0c1 \ub418\ub294 \ud310\ub3c5 \uc2dc\uac04\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"11\ubd84\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"TechArticle\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/residual-stress-measurement-tooling\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/residual-stress-measurement-tooling\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Evan\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/96118415c30ca6bb52eaf1127b052ef7\"},\"headline\":\"Measuring Residual Stress in Tooling\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-10-07T10:04:45+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-10-10T14:00:05+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/residual-stress-measurement-tooling\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":2152,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/residual-stress-measurement-tooling\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/10\\\/Aobo-Steel-Residual-Stress-totten-fig-10-21-stress-distribution-cylinder-during-tempering.jpg\",\"inLanguage\":\"ko-KR\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/residual-stress-measurement-tooling\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/residual-stress-measurement-tooling\\\/\",\"name\":\"Residual Stress Measurement in Tooling and Dies\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/residual-stress-measurement-tooling\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/residual-stress-measurement-tooling\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/10\\\/Aobo-Steel-Residual-Stress-totten-fig-10-21-stress-distribution-cylinder-during-tempering.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-10-07T10:04:45+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-10-10T14:00:05+00:00\",\"description\":\"Where residual stress in tool steel comes from and how it is measured: X-ray diffraction, hole drilling, ring coring and layer removal, and their limits.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/residual-stress-measurement-tooling\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"ko-KR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/residual-stress-measurement-tooling\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ko-KR\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/residual-stress-measurement-tooling\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/10\\\/Aobo-Steel-Residual-Stress-totten-fig-10-21-stress-distribution-cylinder-during-tempering.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/10\\\/Aobo-Steel-Residual-Stress-totten-fig-10-21-stress-distribution-cylinder-during-tempering.jpg\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/residual-stress-measurement-tooling\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"\u9996\u9875\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Measuring Residual Stress in Tooling\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/\",\"name\":\"AoboSteel\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"ko-KR\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"AoboSteel\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ko-KR\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/01\\\/cropped-aobo-steel-1.avif\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/01\\\/cropped-aobo-steel-1.avif\",\"width\":1052,\"height\":592,\"caption\":\"AoboSteel\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/profile.php?id=61565368220197\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.linkedin.com\\\/in\\\/aobosteel-evan\\\/\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/96118415c30ca6bb52eaf1127b052ef7\",\"name\":\"Evan\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ko-KR\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/8e402f2e6f36093f0bf1855dbf79269cde23cd659c44eefdd7ecf7ff9c05786f?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/8e402f2e6f36093f0bf1855dbf79269cde23cd659c44eefdd7ecf7ff9c05786f?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/8e402f2e6f36093f0bf1855dbf79269cde23cd659c44eefdd7ecf7ff9c05786f?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Evan\"},\"sameAs\":[\"http:\\\/\\\/www.aobosteel.com\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/profile.php?id=61565368220197\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.instagram.com\\\/aobosteel\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.linkedin.com\\\/in\\\/aobosteel-evan\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/AobosteelEvan\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.youtube.com\\\/@aobosteel\"],\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/ko\\\/blog\\\/author\\\/admin\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Residual Stress Measurement in Tooling and Dies","description":"Where residual stress in tool steel comes from and how it is measured: X-ray diffraction, hole drilling, ring coring and layer removal, and their limits.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/ko\/residual-stress-measurement-tooling\/","og_locale":"ko_KR","og_type":"article","og_title":"Measuring Residual Stress in Tooling","og_description":"Where residual stress in tool steel comes from and how it is measured: X-ray diffraction, hole drilling, ring coring and layer removal, and their limits.","og_url":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/ko\/residual-stress-measurement-tooling\/","og_site_name":"AoboSteel","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/profile.php?id=61565368220197","article_modified_time":"2026-10-10T14:00:05+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Aobo-Steel-Residual-Stress-totten-fig-10-21-stress-distribution-cylinder-during-tempering.jpg","type":"","width":"","height":""}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"\uc608\uc0c1 \ub418\ub294 \ud310\ub3c5 \uc2dc\uac04":"11\ubd84"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"TechArticle","@id":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/residual-stress-measurement-tooling\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/residual-stress-measurement-tooling\/"},"author":{"name":"Evan","@id":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/#\/schema\/person\/96118415c30ca6bb52eaf1127b052ef7"},"headline":"Measuring Residual Stress in Tooling","datePublished":"2026-10-07T10:04:45+00:00","dateModified":"2026-10-10T14:00:05+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/residual-stress-measurement-tooling\/"},"wordCount":2152,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/residual-stress-measurement-tooling\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Aobo-Steel-Residual-Stress-totten-fig-10-21-stress-distribution-cylinder-during-tempering.jpg","inLanguage":"ko-KR"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/residual-stress-measurement-tooling\/","url":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/residual-stress-measurement-tooling\/","name":"Residual Stress Measurement in Tooling and Dies","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/residual-stress-measurement-tooling\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/residual-stress-measurement-tooling\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Aobo-Steel-Residual-Stress-totten-fig-10-21-stress-distribution-cylinder-during-tempering.jpg","datePublished":"2026-10-07T10:04:45+00:00","dateModified":"2026-10-10T14:00:05+00:00","description":"Where residual stress in tool steel comes from and how it is measured: X-ray diffraction, hole drilling, ring coring and layer removal, and their limits.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/residual-stress-measurement-tooling\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"ko-KR","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/residual-stress-measurement-tooling\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ko-KR","@id":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/residual-stress-measurement-tooling\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Aobo-Steel-Residual-Stress-totten-fig-10-21-stress-distribution-cylinder-during-tempering.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Aobo-Steel-Residual-Stress-totten-fig-10-21-stress-distribution-cylinder-during-tempering.jpg"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/residual-stress-measurement-tooling\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"\u9996\u9875","item":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Measuring Residual Stress in Tooling"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/","name":"\uc544\uc624\ubcf4\uc2a4\ud2f8","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"ko-KR"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/#organization","name":"\uc544\uc624\ubcf4\uc2a4\ud2f8","url":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ko-KR","@id":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/cropped-aobo-steel-1.avif","contentUrl":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/cropped-aobo-steel-1.avif","width":1052,"height":592,"caption":"AoboSteel"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/profile.php?id=61565368220197","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/aobosteel-evan\/"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/#\/schema\/person\/96118415c30ca6bb52eaf1127b052ef7","name":"\uc5d0\ubc18","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ko-KR","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/8e402f2e6f36093f0bf1855dbf79269cde23cd659c44eefdd7ecf7ff9c05786f?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/8e402f2e6f36093f0bf1855dbf79269cde23cd659c44eefdd7ecf7ff9c05786f?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/8e402f2e6f36093f0bf1855dbf79269cde23cd659c44eefdd7ecf7ff9c05786f?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Evan"},"sameAs":["http:\/\/www.aobosteel.com","https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/profile.php?id=61565368220197","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/aobosteel\/","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/aobosteel-evan\/","https:\/\/x.com\/AobosteelEvan","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@aobosteel"],"url":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/ko\/blog\/author\/admin\/"}]}},"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false,"trp-custom-language-flag":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Evan","author_link":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/ko\/blog\/author\/admin\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Tool Steel | Residual Stress | Measurement Measuring Residual Stress in Tooling A die that cracks after grinding, a mold that moves during final machining, a tool that distorts in service: these are residual stress problems, and they are the ones where a hardness figure or a certificate tells you nothing. Residual stress is not&hellip;","rttpg_featured_image_url":null,"rttpg_author":{"display_name":"Evan","author_link":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/ko\/blog\/author\/admin\/"},"rttpg_comment":0,"rttpg_category":null,"rttpg_excerpt":"Tool Steel | Residual Stress | Measurement Measuring Residual Stress in Tooling A die that cracks after grinding, a mold that moves during final machining, a tool that distorts in service: these are residual stress problems, and they are the ones where a hardness figure or a certificate tells you nothing. Residual stress is not&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/21136","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21136"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/21136\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":21708,"href":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/21136\/revisions\/21708"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21136"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}