{"id":20725,"date":"2026-10-03T08:02:40","date_gmt":"2026-10-03T00:02:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/?page_id=20725"},"modified":"2026-10-03T08:02:40","modified_gmt":"2026-10-03T00:02:40","slug":"high-speed-steel-microstructure-carbide-distribution","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/ko\/high-speed-steel-microstructure-carbide-distribution\/","title":{"rendered":"\uace0\uc18d\ub3c4\uac15 \ubbf8\uc138\uc870\uc9c1 \ubc0f \ud0c4\ud654\ubb3c \ubd84\ud3ec"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style>\n\n:root{\n    --aobo-accent:#2563eb; --aobo-accent-dark:#1e1e2e; --aobo-blue:#0c56d0; --aobo-blue-dark:#073b91;\n    --aobo-text:#333; --aobo-muted:#888; --aobo-border:#e5e7eb; --aobo-border-dark:#ddd;\n    --aobo-stripe:#f7f7f9; --aobo-hover:#e8f0fe; --aobo-radius:8px; --aobo-radius-sm:6px;\n    --aobo-orange:#f59e0b; --aobo-fill:#e9ecef;\n  }\n  *{box-sizing:border-box;}\n  html{-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;}\n  body{margin:0;background:#fff;color:var(--aobo-text);\n    font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,\"Segoe UI\",Roboto,\"Helvetica Neue\",Arial,sans-serif;\n    font-size:15px;line-height:1.6;}\n\n  \/* Root scope \u2014 WordPress theme guard *\/\n  .ts-props{color:var(--aobo-text);background:transparent;padding:0;box-sizing:border-box;line-height:1.6;}\n  .ts-props *{box-sizing:border-box;}\n  .ts-props button,.ts-props input[type=\"text\"]{\n    background:none !important;border:none !important;border-radius:0 !important;padding:0 !important;\n    margin:0 !important;font-size:inherit !important;font-weight:inherit !important;\n    letter-spacing:normal !important;text-transform:none !important;box-shadow:none !important;\n    line-height:inherit !important;text-decoration:none !important;}\n\n  .aobo-wrap{max-width:1160px;margin:0 auto;}\n\n  \/* Hero *\/\n  .ts-hero{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--aobo-border);border-radius:var(--aobo-radius);overflow:hidden;}\n  .ts-hero-top{padding:1.5em;background:var(--aobo-stripe);border-bottom:1px solid var(--aobo-border);}\n  .ts-kicker{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:6px;color:var(--aobo-accent);background:var(--aobo-hover);\n    border:1px solid var(--aobo-border);border-radius:var(--aobo-radius-sm);padding:4px 8px;\n    font-size:.85em;font-weight:600;margin-bottom:.8em;}\n  .ts-kicker span{width:6px;height:6px;background:var(--aobo-orange);border-radius:50%;display:inline-block;}\n  .ts-hero h1{margin:0;font-size:2rem;line-height:1.3;color:var(--aobo-text);text-align:center;}\n  .ts-hero-top p{margin:.6em auto 0;max-width:820px;font-size:.9em;line-height:1.6;color:var(--aobo-muted);text-align:center;}\n\n  \/* Tool area *\/\n  .ts-tool-area{padding:1.5em;}\n\n  \/* Legend *\/\n  .ts-legend{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;margin-bottom:1em;}\n  .ts-legend > span{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;font-size:.8em;color:var(--aobo-muted);\n    background:var(--aobo-stripe);border:1px solid var(--aobo-border);border-radius:var(--aobo-radius-sm);\n    padding:3px 8px;}\n  .ts-legend b{color:var(--aobo-text);font-weight:600;}\n  .ts-legend .ts-dot{width:9px;height:9px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--aobo-accent);display:inline-block;\n    padding:0;border:0;gap:0;}\n\n  \/* Controls *\/\n  .ts-controls{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:10px;align-items:center;background:var(--aobo-stripe);\n    border:1px solid var(--aobo-border);border-radius:var(--aobo-radius);padding:1em;margin-bottom:1.2em;}\n  .ts-search{flex:1 1 220px;max-width:340px;position:relative;}\n  .ts-props .ts-search input{width:100% !important;border:1px solid var(--aobo-border-dark) !important;\n    border-radius:var(--aobo-radius-sm) !important;padding:.5em .6em .5em 2em !important;\n    font-size:.92em !important;color:var(--aobo-text) !important;background:#fff !important;\n    outline:none !important;box-shadow:none !important;}\n  .ts-props .ts-search input:focus{border-color:var(--aobo-accent) !important;\n    box-shadow:0 0 0 2px rgba(37,99,235,.12) !important;}\n  .ts-search::before{content:\"\";position:absolute;left:.7em;top:50%;transform:translateY(-50%);\n    width:13px;height:13px;background:var(--aobo-muted);\n    -webkit-mask:url(\"data:image\/svg+xml;utf8,<svg xmlns='http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg' viewBox='0 0 24 24' fill='none' stroke='black' stroke-width='2'><circle cx='11' cy='11' r='8'\/><path d='m21 21-4.3-4.3'\/><\/svg>\") center\/contain no-repeat;\n    mask:url(\"data:image\/svg+xml;utf8,<svg xmlns='http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg' viewBox='0 0 24 24' fill='none' stroke='black' stroke-width='2'><circle cx='11' cy='11' r='8'\/><path d='m21 21-4.3-4.3'\/><\/svg>\") center\/contain no-repeat;}\n  .ts-chips{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:6px;}\n  .ts-props .ts-chip{border:1px solid var(--aobo-border-dark) !important;background:#fff !important;\n    color:var(--aobo-text) !important;border-radius:999px !important;padding:.4em .9em !important;\n    font-size:.8em !important;font-weight:600 !important;cursor:pointer !important;transition:all .15s !important;}\n  .ts-props .ts-chip:hover{background:var(--aobo-hover) !important;border-color:var(--aobo-accent) !important;}\n  .ts-props .ts-chip.on{background:var(--aobo-accent) !important;border-color:var(--aobo-accent) !important;color:#fff !important;}\n  .ts-count{font-size:.8em;color:var(--aobo-muted);margin-left:auto;white-space:nowrap;}\n\n  \/* Table *\/\n  .ts-table-wrap{overflow-x:auto;border:1px solid var(--aobo-border);border-radius:var(--aobo-radius);\n    background:#fff;box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(16,24,40,.04);}\n  table.ts-table{border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;min-width:880px;font-size:.88em;}\n  .ts-table thead th{position:sticky;top:0;z-index:2;background:var(--aobo-accent-dark);color:#fff;\n    border-bottom:0;border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.1);text-align:center;padding:.6em .7em;\n    font-size:.82em;font-weight:600;text-transform:none;letter-spacing:.02em;cursor:pointer;\n    white-space:nowrap;user-select:none;}\n  .ts-table thead th:last-child{border-right:0;}\n  .ts-table thead th .ts-arr{color:#ffd166;font-weight:700;margin-left:3px;}\n  .ts-table tbody td{padding:.55em .7em;border-bottom:1px solid var(--aobo-border);text-align:center;\n    vertical-align:middle;white-space:nowrap;}\n  .ts-table tbody tr:nth-child(even){background:var(--aobo-stripe);}\n  .ts-table tbody tr:hover{background:var(--aobo-hover);}\n  .ts-table tbody tr.ts-group td{background:#e8ecf1;font-weight:700;font-size:.78em;letter-spacing:.05em;\n    text-transform:uppercase;color:#3c4043;padding:.55em .7em;border-bottom:1px solid var(--aobo-border);\n    text-align:left;}\n  .ts-table tbody tr:not(.ts-group).ts-hide{display:none;}\n  td.ts-grade{font-weight:700;font-size:.95em;text-align:left;white-space:nowrap;color:var(--aobo-text);}\n  .ts-meter{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:7px;}\n  .ts-meter i{display:inline-block;width:44px;height:6px;border-radius:3px;background:var(--aobo-fill);overflow:hidden;}\n  .ts-meter i b{display:block;height:100%;border-radius:3px;background:linear-gradient(90deg,#4d94ff,var(--aobo-accent));}\n  .ts-meter span{font-size:.9em;font-weight:600;min-width:14px;}\n  .ts-hr{font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;font-weight:500;}\n  .ts-num{font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;}\n  .ts-sup{font-size:9px;color:var(--aobo-accent);vertical-align:super;line-height:0;}\n\n  \/* Footnotes *\/\n  .ts-notes-list{margin:1.2em 0 0;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--aobo-border);\n    border-left:3px solid var(--aobo-accent);border-radius:0 var(--aobo-radius) var(--aobo-radius) 0;\n    padding:1em 1.2em 1em 2.2em;font-size:.82em;color:var(--aobo-muted);line-height:1.7;}\n  .ts-notes-list li{margin-bottom:.3em;}\n  .ts-notes-list sup{color:var(--aobo-accent);font-size:10px;}\n\n  \/* Figure *\/\n  .ts-fig{margin:1.2em 0 0;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--aobo-border);border-radius:var(--aobo-radius);padding:1em;}\n  .ts-fig img{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;border-radius:6px;}\n  .ts-fig figcaption{font-size:.8em;color:var(--aobo-muted);margin-top:.6em;line-height:1.6;}\n  .ts-fig figcaption b{color:var(--aobo-text);}\n\n  \/* Info cards *\/\n  .ts-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(250px,1fr));gap:14px;margin-top:1.2em;}\n  .ts-grid .ts-card{background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--aobo-border);border-left:3px solid var(--aobo-accent);\n    border-radius:0 var(--aobo-radius) var(--aobo-radius) 0;padding:1em 1.2em;}\n  .ts-grid h2{font-size:1em;margin:0 0 .4em;color:var(--aobo-text);}\n  .ts-grid p{font-size:.82em;color:var(--aobo-muted);margin:0;line-height:1.7;}\n  .ts-grid p b{color:var(--aobo-text);font-weight:600;}\n\n  \/* Disclaimer *\/\n  .ts-disclaimer{margin-top:1.2em;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--aobo-border);\n    border-left:3px solid var(--aobo-accent);border-radius:0 var(--aobo-radius) var(--aobo-radius) 0;\n    padding:1em 1.2em;}\n  .ts-disclaimer h3{margin:0 0 .5em;font-size:.95em;color:var(--aobo-text);display:flex;align-items:center;gap:6px;}\n  .ts-disclaimer h3::before{content:\"\\2139\";font-size:1em;color:var(--aobo-accent);}\n  .ts-disclaimer p{margin:0 0 .5em;max-width:none;color:var(--aobo-muted);line-height:1.7;}\n  .ts-disclaimer p:last-child{margin-bottom:0;}\n\n  \/* Empty \/ source *\/\n  .ts-empty{display:none;text-align:center;color:var(--aobo-muted);padding:2em 1em;font-size:.9em;}\n  .ts-empty.show{display:block;}\n  .ts-source{margin-top:.8em;color:var(--aobo-muted);font-size:.82em;line-height:1.58;}\n\n  @media (max-width:860px){\n    .ts-hero-top,.ts-tool-area{padding:1em;}\n    .ts-controls{flex-direction:column;align-items:stretch;}\n    .ts-search{max-width:none;}\n    .ts-count{margin-left:0;}\n    .ts-hero h1{font-size:1.5rem;}\n  }\n  @media (max-width:520px){\n    .ts-hero-top,.ts-tool-area{padding:.8em;}\n    table.ts-table{font-size:.82em;}\n    .ts-table thead th,.ts-table tbody td{padding:.4em .4em;}\n  }\n  table.ts-table thead th{cursor:default;}\n  table.ts-table td.ts-grade{font-weight:700;}\n  table.ts-table td.ts-type{white-space:normal;text-align:left;font-size:.92em;color:#555;min-width:150px;}\n  table.ts-table td.ts-long{white-space:normal;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;font-size:.92em;color:#444;\n    min-width:260px;line-height:1.55;}\n  table.ts-table td.ts-safe{white-space:normal;text-align:left;vertical-align:top;}\n  table.ts-table tbody tr:hover{background:var(--aobo-hover);}\n  table.ts-table tbody tr.ts-group:hover td{background:#e8ecf1;}\n  .ts-sec{margin:1.8em 0 .5em;font-size:1.02em;color:var(--aobo-text);font-weight:700;}\n  .ts-sec span{display:block;font-size:.8em;font-weight:400;color:var(--aobo-muted);margin-top:.15em;line-height:1.6;}\n  .ts-table-wrap{margin-top:.6em;}\n  .ts-tcap{margin:.5em 0 0;font-size:.78em;color:var(--aobo-muted);line-height:1.6;}\n  .ts-props a{color:var(--aobo-blue) !important;text-decoration:none !important;}\n  .ts-props a:hover{text-decoration:underline !important;}\n  .ts-rel{margin-top:1.2em;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--aobo-border);\n    border-left:3px solid var(--aobo-blue);border-radius:0 var(--aobo-radius) var(--aobo-radius) 0;padding:1em 1.2em;}\n  .ts-rel h3{margin:0 0 .5em;font-size:.95em;color:var(--aobo-text);}\n  .ts-rel p{margin:0;font-size:.85em;line-height:1.9;color:var(--aobo-muted);}\n  .ts-rel p a{font-weight:600;}\n\n  \/* Micrograph grid (Vol.9 tool steel set) *\/\n  .aobo-ht-ref.ts-props .ts-figgrid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));gap:20px 18px;margin:1.4em 0 2em;}\n  .aobo-ht-ref.ts-props .ts-figgrid figure{margin:0;max-width:none;}\n  .aobo-ht-ref.ts-props .ts-figgrid .wf{grid-column:1 \/ -1;}\n  .aobo-ht-ref.ts-props .ts-figgrid .wf img{max-width:940px;margin:0 auto;}\n  .aobo-ht-ref.ts-props .ts-figgrid .pf img{max-width:460px;margin:0 auto;}\n  .aobo-ht-ref.ts-props .ts-figgrid figcaption{font-size:.82em;color:var(--aobo-muted);line-height:1.6;margin-top:.55em;}\n  @media (max-width:760px){.aobo-ht-ref.ts-props .ts-figgrid{grid-template-columns:1fr;}}\n<\/style>\n<style id=\"aobo-dl-css\">\n.aobo-ht-ref.ts-props .ts-dl{display:flex !important;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;gap:1em;\n  background:var(--aobo-stripe) !important;border:1px solid var(--aobo-border) !important;\n  border-radius:var(--aobo-radius) !important;padding:1.1em 1.3em !important;margin:1.5em 0 !important;}\n.aobo-ht-ref.ts-props .ts-dl-txt{flex:1 1 340px;font-size:.95em;color:var(--aobo-text) !important;line-height:1.55;}\n.aobo-ht-ref.ts-props .ts-dl-txt strong{display:block;font-weight:700 !important;margin-bottom:.2em;color:var(--aobo-text) !important;}\n.aobo-ht-ref.ts-props a.ts-dl-btn{display:inline-flex !important;align-items:center;gap:.5em;\n  background:var(--aobo-blue) !important;color:#fff !important;border:1px solid var(--aobo-blue) !important;\n  border-radius:var(--aobo-radius-sm) !important;padding:.75em 1.35em !important;font-size:.95em !important;\n  font-weight:600 !important;text-decoration:none !important;white-space:nowrap;box-shadow:none !important;\n  line-height:1.3 !important;text-transform:none !important;}\n.aobo-ht-ref.ts-props a.ts-dl-btn:hover,.aobo-ht-ref.ts-props a.ts-dl-btn:focus{background:var(--aobo-blue-dark) !important;\n  border-color:var(--aobo-blue-dark) !important;color:#fff !important;}\n.aobo-ht-ref.ts-props a.ts-dl-btn svg{width:1.05em;height:1.05em;fill:none;stroke:currentColor;stroke-width:2;flex:0 0 auto;}\n@media (max-width:640px){.aobo-ht-ref.ts-props a.ts-dl-btn{width:100%;justify-content:center;}}\n<\/style>\n<script id=\"aobo-dl-ga4\">\ndocument.addEventListener('click', function (e) {\n  var a = e.target.closest ? e.target.closest('a.ts-dl-btn') : null;\n  if (!a || typeof window.gtag !== 'function') return;\n  window.gtag('event', 'pdf_download', {\n    file_name: 'Aobo-Steel-GB-High-Speed-Steel-Grades.pdf',\n    link_url: a.href,\n    page_path: window.location.pathname\n  });\n}, false);\n<\/script>\n<style id=\"aobo-ds\">\n.entry-content[class]{--ds-font-body: Lora,serif;--ds-font-head: Lato,sans-serif;--ds-blue: #0c56d0;--ds-blue-deep: #082d6f;--ds-blue-dark: #073b91;--ds-blue-soft: #eaf2ff;--ds-blue-pale: #f7fbff;--ds-border: #d7e5fb;--ds-border-soft: #e8eef8;--ds-text: #203044;--ds-muted: #617087;--ds-orange: #f59b23;--ds-shadow: 0 18px 45px rgba(12,86,208,0.10);--ds-shadow-sm: 0 12px 32px rgba(12,86,208,0.07);font-family: var(--ds-font-body);line-height: 1.7;-webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%;box-sizing: border-box}.entry-content[class] *,.entry-content[class] *::before,.entry-content[class] *::after{box-sizing: border-box}.entry-content[class] h1{font-family: var(--ds-font-head) !important;font-size: clamp(24px,4vw,min(50px,var(--h1-max,50px))) !important;line-height: 1.08 !important;letter-spacing: 0 !important;font-weight: 400 !important;margin: 0 0 16px !important}.entry-content[class] h2{font-family: var(--ds-font-head) !important;font-size: 30px !important;line-height: 1.25 !important;letter-spacing: 0 !important;font-weight: 400 !important;margin: 44px 0 16px !important}.entry-content[class] h3{font-family: var(--ds-font-head) !important;font-size: 23px !important;line-height: 1.3 !important;letter-spacing: 0 !important;font-weight: 400 !important;margin: 30px 0 12px !important}.entry-content[class] h4{font-family: var(--ds-font-head) !important;font-size: 19px !important;line-height: 1.35 !important;letter-spacing: 0 !important;font-weight: 700 !important;margin: 24px 0 10px !important}.entry-content[class] p,.entry-content[class] li,.entry-content[class] dd,.entry-content[class] dt{font-family: var(--ds-font-body) !important;font-size: 17px !important;line-height: 1.7 !important}.entry-content[class] figcaption,.entry-content[class] small,.entry-content[class] .aobo-figure figcaption{font-size: 15px !important;line-height: 1.6 !important}.entry-content[class] table{width: 100%;border-collapse: collapse;background: #ffffff}.entry-content[class] table th,.entry-content[class] table thead th,.entry-content[class] table thead td{background: var(--ds-blue-soft) !important;color: var(--ds-blue-deep) !important;font-family: var(--ds-font-head) !important;font-size: 15px !important;font-weight: 700 !important;line-height: 1.45 !important;text-align: center !important;text-transform: none !important;letter-spacing: 0 !important;padding: 14px 16px !important;border: 0 !important;border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ds-border) !important;vertical-align: top !important;position: static !important}.entry-content[class] table td{font-family: var(--ds-font-body) !important;font-size: 15px !important;line-height: 1.55 !important;padding: 14px 16px !important;border: 0;border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ds-border-soft) !important;vertical-align: top !important;white-space: normal !important;text-align: center !important}.entry-content[class] table tbody tr:last-child td{border-bottom: 0 !important}.entry-content[class] table th.ds-text,.entry-content[class] table td.ds-text{text-align: left !important}.entry-content[class] table tbody tr:nth-child(even){background: #fafcff !important}.entry-content[class] table tbody tr:hover{background: #f2f7ff !important}.entry-content[class] table tbody td:first-child{color: var(--ds-blue-deep);font-weight: 700}.entry-content[class] .aobo-table-wrap,.entry-content[class] .ts-table-wrap{overflow-x: auto;margin: 22px 0 28px;border: 1px solid var(--ds-border);border-radius: 18px;box-shadow: var(--ds-shadow-sm);background: #ffffff}.entry-content[class] h1,.entry-content[class] h2,.entry-content[class] h3,.entry-content[class] h4{color: var(--ds-blue-deep)}.entry-content[class] p,.entry-content[class] li{color: var(--ds-text)}.entry-content[class] a{color: var(--ds-blue);font-weight: 700;text-decoration: none}.entry-content[class] a:hover,.entry-content[class] a:focus{color: var(--ds-orange)}.entry-content[class] .aobo-final-cta h1,.entry-content[class] .aobo-final-cta h2,.entry-content[class] .aobo-final-cta h3,.entry-content[class] .aobo-final-cta p,.entry-content[class] .aobo-cta h1,.entry-content[class] .aobo-cta h2,.entry-content[class] .aobo-cta h3,.entry-content[class] .aobo-cta p,.entry-content[class] .aobo-cta-buttons,.entry-content[class] .aobo-cta-buttons *,.entry-content[class] .aobo-esr .stat-band h2,.entry-content[class] .aobo-esr .stat-band h3,.entry-content[class] .aobo-esr .stat-band p,.entry-content[class] .aobo-esr .closing h2,.entry-content[class] .aobo-esr .closing h3,.entry-content[class] .aobo-esr .closing p,.entry-content[class] .footcta h2,.entry-content[class] .footcta h3,.entry-content[class] .footcta p,.entry-content[class] .bg-dark h2,.entry-content[class] .bg-dark h3,.entry-content[class] .bg-dark p,.entry-content[class] .ht-header h2,.entry-content[class] .ht-header h3,.entry-content[class] .ts-cta h2,.entry-content[class] .ts-cta h3,.entry-content[class] .aobo-sup .stats h2,.entry-content[class] .aobo-sup .stats h3,.entry-content[class] .aobo-sup .stats p,.entry-content[class] .aobo-sup .cta h2,.entry-content[class] .aobo-sup .cta h3,.entry-content[class] .aobo-sup .cta p{color: inherit}.entry-content[class] .aobo-final-cta p,.entry-content[class] .aobo-cta p,.entry-content[class] .aobo-sup .cta p{color: rgba(255,255,255,0.92)}.entry-content[class] .has-ast-global-color-0-background-color,.entry-content[class] .has-ast-global-color-0-background-color *,.entry-content[class] .contact-container,.entry-content[class] .contact-container *{color: #ffffff !important}.entry-content[class] .has-ast-global-color-0-background-color .label-text,.entry-content[class] .has-ast-global-color-0-background-color .label-text *,.entry-content[class] .contact-container .label-text{color: rgba(255,255,255,0.72) !important}.entry-content[class] .aobo-cta h1,.entry-content[class] .aobo-cta h2,.entry-content[class] .aobo-cta h3,.entry-content[class] .aobo-cta h4,.entry-content[class] .cta h1,.entry-content[class] .cta h2,.entry-content[class] .cta h3,.entry-content[class] .cta h4,.entry-content[class] .aobo-final-cta h1,.entry-content[class] .aobo-final-cta h2,.entry-content[class] .aobo-final-cta h3,.entry-content[class] .aobo-final-cta h4{color: #ffffff !important}.entry-content[class] .aobo-cta p,.entry-content[class] .aobo-cta li,.entry-content[class] .cta p,.entry-content[class] .cta li,.entry-content[class] .aobo-final-cta p,.entry-content[class] .aobo-final-cta li{color: rgba(255,255,255,0.93) !important}.entry-content[class] .aobo-cta p a,.entry-content[class] .aobo-cta li a,.entry-content[class] .cta p a,.entry-content[class] .cta li a,.entry-content[class] .aobo-final-cta p a,.entry-content[class] .aobo-final-cta li a{color: #ffffff !important;text-decoration: underline}.entry-content[class] .aobo-btn-inquiry{color: #ffffff !important}.entry-content[class] .aobo-cta .aobo-btn-inquiry,.entry-content[class] .aobo-final-cta .aobo-btn-inquiry{color: var(--ds-blue) !important}.entry-content[class] .aobo-wrap,.entry-content[class] .aobo-article{max-width: 1180px;margin: 0 auto;padding: 0}.entry-content[class] img{max-width: 100%;height: auto}.entry-content[class] figure{margin: 26px auto 34px;max-width: 860px}.entry-content[class] figure img{display: block;width: 100%;border: 1px solid var(--ds-border);border-radius: 18px;box-shadow: var(--ds-shadow-sm);background: #ffffff}.entry-content[class] .aobo-hero{background: linear-gradient(135deg,#ffffff 0%,#f7fbff 56%,#eaf2ff 100%);border: 1px solid var(--ds-border);border-radius: 28px;padding: 42px 38px;margin-bottom: 24px;box-shadow: var(--ds-shadow);overflow: hidden;position: relative}.entry-content[class] .aobo-hero::after{content: \"\";position: absolute;right: -90px;top: -90px;width: 260px;height: 260px;border-radius: 50%;background: rgba(12,86,208,0.08)}.entry-content[class] .aobo-hero h1,.entry-content[class] .aobo-hero p{position: relative;z-index: 2}.entry-content[class] .aobo-note-box{margin: 34px 0;padding: 22px 24px;border: 1px solid var(--ds-border);border-left: 5px solid var(--ds-orange);border-radius: 16px;background: #fbfdff}.entry-content[class] .aobo-note-box p{margin: 0 0 14px;color: var(--ds-muted) !important;font-style: italic}.entry-content[class] .aobo-note-box p:last-child{margin-bottom: 0}.entry-content[class] .aobo-btn{display: inline-flex;align-items: center;justify-content: center;min-height: 42px;padding: 10px 16px;border-radius: 999px;text-align: center;text-decoration: none;font-family: var(--ds-font-head) !important;font-weight: 700;font-size: 14px !important;line-height: 1.2;transition: all 0.2s ease;cursor: pointer;white-space: nowrap}.entry-content[class] .aobo-btn-primary{background: var(--ds-blue);border: 1px solid var(--ds-blue);color: #ffffff !important}.entry-content[class] .aobo-btn-secondary{background: #ffffff;border: 1px solid var(--ds-border);color: var(--ds-blue) !important}.entry-content[class] .aobo-btn:hover{transform: translateY(-1px)}.entry-content[class] .aobo-supply-actions{display: flex;flex-wrap: wrap;gap: 12px;margin-top: 18px}.entry-content[class] .aobo-supply-actions .aobo-btn{min-width: 190px}.entry-content[class] .aobo-final-cta{margin-top: 34px;padding: 34px;border-radius: 28px;background: linear-gradient(135deg,#073b91 0%,#0c56d0 100%);box-shadow: 0 18px 45px rgba(12,86,208,0.20);display: flex;align-items: center;justify-content: space-between;gap: 20px;flex-wrap: wrap}.entry-content[class] .aobo-final-cta h2{margin: 0 0 12px !important;font-size: 26px !important;color: #ffffff !important}.entry-content[class] .aobo-final-cta p{margin: 0}.entry-content[class] .aobo-final-cta .aobo-btn-primary{background: #ffffff;border-color: #ffffff;color: var(--ds-blue) !important}.entry-content[class] .aobo-final-cta .aobo-btn-secondary{background: transparent;border-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.75);color: #ffffff !important}.entry-content[class] .ts-hero{background: transparent !important;border: 0 !important;border-radius: 0 !important;box-shadow: none !important}.entry-content[class] .ts-hero-top{background: linear-gradient(135deg,#ffffff 0%,#f7fbff 56%,#eaf2ff 100%) !important;border: 1px solid var(--ds-border) !important;border-radius: 28px !important;padding: 42px 38px !important;margin: 0 0 24px !important;box-shadow: var(--ds-shadow) !important;position: relative;overflow: hidden;text-align: left !important}.entry-content[class] .ts-hero-top h1,.entry-content[class] .ts-hero-top p,.entry-content[class] .ts-hero h1{text-align: left !important}.entry-content[class] .ts-hero-top p{max-width: none !important;margin: 0 0 12px !important}.entry-content[class] .ts-tool-area{padding: 0 !important}.entry-content[class] .ts-sec{font-family: var(--ds-font-head) !important;font-size: 30px !important;line-height: 1.25 !important;font-weight: 400 !important;color: var(--ds-blue-deep) !important;margin: 44px 0 16px !important}.entry-content[class] .ts-sec > span{display: block !important;font-family: var(--ds-font-body) !important;font-size: 17px !important;line-height: 1.7 !important;font-weight: 400 !important;color: var(--ds-text) !important;margin: 0 0 16px !important}.entry-content[class] .ts-kicker{display: inline-flex !important;align-items: center;gap: 7px;margin: 0 0 14px !important;padding: 6px 14px !important;border: 1px solid var(--ds-border) !important;border-radius: 999px !important;background: #ffffff !important;color: var(--ds-blue) !important;font-family: var(--ds-font-head) !important;font-size: 13px !important;font-weight: 700 !important;letter-spacing: 0 !important;text-transform: none !important}.entry-content[class] .ts-p,.entry-content[class] .card-desc,.entry-content[class] .aobo-strip-intro,.entry-content[class] .schema-faq-answer{font-family: var(--ds-font-body) !important;font-size: 17px !important;line-height: 1.7 !important;font-weight: 400 !important}.entry-content[class] .lead,.entry-content[class] .fund-lead{font-family: var(--ds-font-body) !important;font-size: 19px !important;line-height: 1.65 !important;font-weight: 400 !important}.entry-content[class] .ts-h2{font-family: var(--ds-font-head) !important;font-size: 30px !important;line-height: 1.25 !important;font-weight: 400 !important;color: var(--ds-blue-deep) !important;margin: 44px 0 16px !important}.entry-content[class] .ts-h3{font-family: var(--ds-font-head) !important;font-size: 23px !important;line-height: 1.3 !important;font-weight: 400 !important;color: var(--ds-blue-deep) !important;margin: 30px 0 12px !important}.entry-content[class] .card-grade{font-family: var(--ds-font-head) !important;font-size: 23px !important;line-height: 1.25 !important;font-weight: 700 !important}.entry-content[class] .schema-faq-question{font-family: var(--ds-font-head) !important;font-size: 19px !important;line-height: 1.4 !important;font-weight: 700 !important;color: var(--ds-blue-deep) !important}.entry-content[class] .ts-source,.entry-content[class] .ts-hint,.entry-content[class] .ts-placeholder,.entry-content[class] .ht-spec-label,.entry-content[class] .ht-spec-value,.entry-content[class] .ht-step-indicator,.entry-content[class] .ht-badge,.entry-content[class] .idx,.entry-content[class] .xlink,.entry-content[class] .cat-note,.entry-content[class] .aobo-card-note,.entry-content[class] .card-desig,.entry-content[class] .k,.entry-content[class] .v,.entry-content[class] .note,.entry-content[class] .aobo-note{font-family: var(--ds-font-head) !important;font-size: 15px !important;line-height: 1.6 !important;font-weight: 400 !important}.entry-content[class] .ht-spec-label,.entry-content[class] .idx,.entry-content[class] .k{font-weight: 700 !important}.entry-content[class] .aobo-note,.entry-content[class] .note{font-family: var(--ds-font-body) !important;color: var(--ds-muted) !important}.entry-content[class] .chip{font-family: var(--ds-font-head) !important;font-size: 13px !important;font-weight: 700 !important}.entry-content[class] .kicker,.entry-content[class] .eyebrow,.entry-content[class] .aobo-eyebrow{display: inline-flex !important;align-items: center;gap: 7px;margin: 0 0 14px !important;padding: 6px 14px !important;border: 1px solid var(--ds-border) !important;border-radius: 999px !important;background: #ffffff !important;color: var(--ds-blue) !important;font-family: var(--ds-font-head) !important;font-size: 13px !important;font-weight: 700 !important;letter-spacing: 0 !important;text-transform: none !important}@media (max-width: 760px){.entry-content[class] h1{font-size: clamp(22px,6.4vw,min(34px,var(--h1-max,34px))) !important}.entry-content[class] h2{font-size: 25px !important}.entry-content[class] h3{font-size: 20px !important}.entry-content[class] h4{font-size: 17px !important}.entry-content[class] p,.entry-content[class] li{font-size: 16px !important}.entry-content[class] table th,.entry-content[class] table td{font-size: 14px !important;padding: 11px 12px !important}.entry-content[class] .aobo-hero{padding: 30px 22px}.entry-content[class] .aobo-final-cta{padding: 26px 22px}.entry-content[class] .aobo-final-cta .aobo-btn{width: 100%}}\n<\/style>\n<section class=\"aobo-ht-ref ts-props\">\n<div class=\"aobo-wrap\">\n<div class=\"ts-hero\">\n<div class=\"ts-hero-top\">\n<div class=\"ts-kicker\"><span><\/span>High Speed Steel | Carbide and Powder Metallurgy<\/div>\n<h1 style=\"--h1-max:44px\">High Speed Steel Microstructure and Carbide Distribution<\/h1>\n<p>High speed steel is bought for the carbide it carries, and the microstructure is where the difference between one supplier and another shows up. A conventional ingot route leaves carbide in bands and stringers that follow the solidification pattern, and the powder metallurgy route leaves the same carbide chemistry in a structure with no bands at all. This page collects the hardened structures of <a href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/m2-tool-steel\/\">M2<\/a>, M1 and M4 together with the full powder metallurgy series printed for T15, from the pressed and slow cooled condition through the annealed and the hardened state.<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"ts-tool-area\">\n\n<h2 class=\"ts-h2\">What the hardened structure of a high speed steel contains<\/h2>\n<p class=\"ts-p\">A high speed steel is hardened from a much higher austenitizing temperature than a cold work grade, and the structure that comes out is martensite with a large undissolved carbide population. The carbide is not an impurity, it is the wear resistant phase, and the amount of it that survives the austenitizing soak is what separates the grades. M1 sits at the low vanadium end of the molybdenum family, and M4 carries more vanadium, which raises the volume of hard MC carbide in the structure. Both plates below are at the same 62 HRC, and the difference between them is the carbide population rather than the matrix.<\/p>\n<div class=\"ts-figgrid\">\n<figure class=\"pf\"><img src=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Aobo-Steel-Tool-Steel-Microstructure-hss-fig-63-m1-hardened-tempered.jpg\" alt=\"AISI M1 high speed steel hardened at 1175 C and triple tempered at 480 C, 62 HRC, 2% nital, 1000x\" width=\"616\" height=\"811\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><figcaption>Fig. 63. M1 heated to 1175 &#176;C, oil quenched and triple tempered at 480 &#176;C, 62 HRC. Martensite with undissolved carbide. 2% nital, 1000x.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure class=\"pf\"><img src=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Aobo-Steel-Tool-Steel-Microstructure-hss-fig-65-m4-hardened-tempered.jpg\" alt=\"AISI M4 high speed steel hardened at 1220 C and double tempered at 480 C, undissolved carbide, 1000x\" width=\"609\" height=\"811\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><figcaption>Fig. 65. M4 heated to 1220 &#176;C, oil quenched and double tempered at 480 &#176;C, 62 HRC. Martensite with undissolved carbide, which is heavier here than in M1 because of the higher vanadium. Vilella&#8217;s reagent, 1000x.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"ts-p\">The same rule is visible across the molybdenum family, where a higher alloy content buys wear resistance with a heavier carbide load. The hardened structures of M2 and M42, the two grades most often quoted against each other, are on the <a href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/tool-steel-microstructure\/\">tool steel microstructure<\/a> page, and the property comparison for the high speed grades is on the <a href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/high-speed-steel-property-chart\/\">high speed steel property chart<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"ts-h2\">Why the ingot route needs help<\/h2>\n<p class=\"ts-p\">Highly alloyed high speed steels are difficult to make by ingot casting, because the alloy and the carbide segregate as the ingot solidifies and the yield from ingot to finished bar is poor. The segregation also survives hot working as banding, which is what a macroetch of a large bar shows, and it leaves the centre of a big bar with a heavier and coarser carbide population than the outside. The powder metallurgy route solves it by solidifying the steel as powder, so there is no ingot and no macroscopic segregation to inherit. Some grades exist only as powder metallurgy product for that reason.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"ts-h2\">T15 through the powder metallurgy route<\/h2>\n<p class=\"ts-p\">The four plates below follow one powder metallurgy grade from the consolidation step to the finished hardened structure. The first is the material as it came out of a hot isostatic press and then cooled slowly, which leaves it partly annealed at 28 HRC with fine carbide spread evenly through the matrix and no segregation anywhere in the field. The second is the same material after it was pressed, forged and annealed, which is the fully annealed delivery condition at 24 HRC. In both of them the carbide is fine and evenly distributed, which is the whole point of the route.<\/p>\n<div class=\"ts-figgrid\">\n<figure class=\"pf\"><img src=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Aobo-Steel-Tool-Steel-Microstructure-hss-fig-79-t15-hip-slow-cooled.jpg\" alt=\"Powder metallurgy T15 high speed steel after hot isostatic pressing, partially annealed, 3% nital, 1000x\" width=\"609\" height=\"888\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><figcaption>Fig. 79. T15 made by powder metallurgy, slow cooled after hot isostatic pressing, 28 HRC. The structure is partially annealed, with fine evenly distributed carbide and no visible segregation. 3% nital, 1000x.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure class=\"pf\"><img src=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Aobo-Steel-Tool-Steel-Microstructure-hss-fig-80-t15-forged-annealed.jpg\" alt=\"Powder metallurgy T15 high speed steel forged and fully annealed, 3% nital, 1000x\" width=\"609\" height=\"883\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><figcaption>Fig. 80. T15 made by powder metallurgy, hot isostatically pressed, forged and annealed, 24 HRC. The structure is fully annealed. 3% nital, 1000x.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"ts-p\">The last two plates are the hardened condition. The sample was heated to 1230 &#176;C for 5 minutes in a salt bath, oil quenched and triple tempered for 2 h at 540 &#176;C to reach 65 HRC, and it is shown twice under two different reagents. Nital gives the standard reading of martensite with undissolved carbide, and the metabisulfite reagent separates the carbide from the matrix more strongly, which is the reagent to reach for when the carbide population has to be counted rather than just seen.<\/p>\n<div class=\"ts-figgrid\">\n<figure class=\"pf\"><img src=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Aobo-Steel-Tool-Steel-Microstructure-hss-fig-81-t15-hardened.jpg\" alt=\"Powder metallurgy T15 high speed steel hardened at 1230 C and triple tempered at 540 C, 65 HRC, 1000x\" width=\"622\" height=\"874\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><figcaption>Fig. 81. The same T15 sample after hardening, heated to 1230 &#176;C for 5 min in salt, oil quenched and triple tempered for 2 h at 540 &#176;C, 65 HRC. 3% nital, 1000x.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure class=\"pf\"><img src=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Aobo-Steel-Tool-Steel-Microstructure-hss-fig-82-t15-etchant-compared.jpg\" alt=\"Powder metallurgy T15 high speed steel etched in HCl and metabisulfite reagent, 1000x\" width=\"603\" height=\"879\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"><figcaption>Fig. 82. The same hardened T15 sample etched in 100 mL water, 1 mL HCl, 1 g K2S2O5 and 1 g NH4 &#183; HF, which separates the carbide from the matrix more strongly than nital does. 1000x.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"ts-h2\">What to ask for on a powder metallurgy grade<\/h2>\n<p class=\"ts-p\">Two questions separate a good powder metallurgy delivery from a poor one, and both are answered in the micrograph rather than on the certificate. The first is whether the carbide is distributed evenly with no visible banding or stringer, which the plates above show and a macroetch of the bar confirms at a coarser scale. The second is whether the annealed hardness is inside the band the grade is specified at, because a partly annealed powder metallurgy bar machines differently from a fully annealed one and the two conditions can look similar at a glance. Asking for the delivery condition and the annealing state in writing, next to the hardness, is what makes the two comparable.<\/p>\n<p class=\"ts-p\">The carbide types themselves are listed on the <a href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/tool-steel-carbide-types-and-hardness\/\">carbide types and hardness<\/a> page, the volume fraction each grade carries is on the <a href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/carbide-volume-fractions-tool-steels\/\">carbide volume fraction<\/a> page, and the grades and their equivalents are on the <a href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/gb-high-speed-steel-grades\/\">high speed steel grades<\/a> page.<\/p>\n<p class=\"ts-source\">Compiled from ASM Handbook, Volume 9, Metallography and Microstructures, article Metallographic Techniques for Tool Steels by George F. Vander Voort, ASM International, 2004 (powder metallurgy section, Fig. 63, 65 and 79 to 82). Every caption was read from the searchable text layer of the file and checked against the printed plate, and each plate was cropped from the file at 1.5 times its printed pixel width. The plates are a reference summary of published practice rather than an Aobo Steel specification, so confirm the grade, the route and the delivery hardness against the material test certificate before an order is placed.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>High Speed Steel | Carbide and Powder Metallurgy High Speed Steel Microstructure and Carbide Distribution High speed steel is bought for the carbide it carries, and the microstructure is where the difference between one supplier and another shows up. A conventional ingot route leaves carbide in bands and stringers that follow the solidification pattern, and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-20725","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.6 (Yoast SEO v28.6) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>High Speed Steel Microstructure | M1, M4 and PM T15<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Hardened micrographs of M1 and M4 high speed steel beside the full powder metallurgy T15 series, from the pressed and annealed conditions to the hardened and tempered structure.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/ko\/high-speed-steel-microstructure-carbide-distribution\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ko_KR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"High Speed Steel Microstructure and Carbide Distribution\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Hardened micrographs of M1 and M4 high speed steel beside the full powder metallurgy T15 series, from the pressed and annealed conditions to the hardened and tempered structure.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/ko\/high-speed-steel-microstructure-carbide-distribution\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"AoboSteel\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/profile.php?id=61565368220197\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Aobo-Steel-Tool-Steel-Microstructure-hss-fig-63-m1-hardened-tempered.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\uc608\uc0c1 \ub418\ub294 \ud310\ub3c5 \uc2dc\uac04\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"5\ubd84\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"TechArticle\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/high-speed-steel-microstructure-carbide-distribution\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/high-speed-steel-microstructure-carbide-distribution\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Evan\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/96118415c30ca6bb52eaf1127b052ef7\"},\"headline\":\"High Speed Steel Microstructure and Carbide Distribution\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-10-03T00:02:40+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/high-speed-steel-microstructure-carbide-distribution\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1007,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/high-speed-steel-microstructure-carbide-distribution\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/10\\\/Aobo-Steel-Tool-Steel-Microstructure-hss-fig-63-m1-hardened-tempered.jpg\",\"inLanguage\":\"ko-KR\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/high-speed-steel-microstructure-carbide-distribution\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/high-speed-steel-microstructure-carbide-distribution\\\/\",\"name\":\"High Speed Steel Microstructure | M1, M4 and PM T15\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/high-speed-steel-microstructure-carbide-distribution\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/high-speed-steel-microstructure-carbide-distribution\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/10\\\/Aobo-Steel-Tool-Steel-Microstructure-hss-fig-63-m1-hardened-tempered.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-10-03T00:02:40+00:00\",\"description\":\"Hardened micrographs of M1 and M4 high speed steel beside the full powder metallurgy T15 series, from the pressed and annealed conditions to the hardened and tempered structure.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/high-speed-steel-microstructure-carbide-distribution\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"ko-KR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/high-speed-steel-microstructure-carbide-distribution\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ko-KR\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/high-speed-steel-microstructure-carbide-distribution\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/10\\\/Aobo-Steel-Tool-Steel-Microstructure-hss-fig-63-m1-hardened-tempered.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/10\\\/Aobo-Steel-Tool-Steel-Microstructure-hss-fig-63-m1-hardened-tempered.jpg\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/high-speed-steel-microstructure-carbide-distribution\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"\u9996\u9875\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"High Speed Steel Microstructure and Carbide Distribution\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/\",\"name\":\"AoboSteel\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"ko-KR\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"AoboSteel\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ko-KR\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/01\\\/cropped-aobo-steel-1.avif\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2025\\\/01\\\/cropped-aobo-steel-1.avif\",\"width\":1052,\"height\":592,\"caption\":\"AoboSteel\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/profile.php?id=61565368220197\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.linkedin.com\\\/in\\\/aobosteel-evan\\\/\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/96118415c30ca6bb52eaf1127b052ef7\",\"name\":\"Evan\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ko-KR\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/8e402f2e6f36093f0bf1855dbf79269cde23cd659c44eefdd7ecf7ff9c05786f?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/8e402f2e6f36093f0bf1855dbf79269cde23cd659c44eefdd7ecf7ff9c05786f?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/8e402f2e6f36093f0bf1855dbf79269cde23cd659c44eefdd7ecf7ff9c05786f?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Evan\"},\"sameAs\":[\"http:\\\/\\\/www.aobosteel.com\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/profile.php?id=61565368220197\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.instagram.com\\\/aobosteel\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.linkedin.com\\\/in\\\/aobosteel-evan\\\/\",\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/AobosteelEvan\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.youtube.com\\\/@aobosteel\"],\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/ko\\\/blog\\\/author\\\/admin\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"High Speed Steel Microstructure | M1, M4 and PM T15","description":"Hardened micrographs of M1 and M4 high speed steel beside the full powder metallurgy T15 series, from the pressed and annealed conditions to the hardened and tempered structure.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/ko\/high-speed-steel-microstructure-carbide-distribution\/","og_locale":"ko_KR","og_type":"article","og_title":"High Speed Steel Microstructure and Carbide Distribution","og_description":"Hardened micrographs of M1 and M4 high speed steel beside the full powder metallurgy T15 series, from the pressed and annealed conditions to the hardened and tempered structure.","og_url":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/ko\/high-speed-steel-microstructure-carbide-distribution\/","og_site_name":"AoboSteel","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/profile.php?id=61565368220197","og_image":[{"url":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Aobo-Steel-Tool-Steel-Microstructure-hss-fig-63-m1-hardened-tempered.jpg","type":"","width":"","height":""}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"\uc608\uc0c1 \ub418\ub294 \ud310\ub3c5 \uc2dc\uac04":"5\ubd84"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"TechArticle","@id":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/high-speed-steel-microstructure-carbide-distribution\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/high-speed-steel-microstructure-carbide-distribution\/"},"author":{"name":"Evan","@id":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/#\/schema\/person\/96118415c30ca6bb52eaf1127b052ef7"},"headline":"High Speed Steel Microstructure and Carbide Distribution","datePublished":"2026-10-03T00:02:40+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/high-speed-steel-microstructure-carbide-distribution\/"},"wordCount":1007,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/high-speed-steel-microstructure-carbide-distribution\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Aobo-Steel-Tool-Steel-Microstructure-hss-fig-63-m1-hardened-tempered.jpg","inLanguage":"ko-KR"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/high-speed-steel-microstructure-carbide-distribution\/","url":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/high-speed-steel-microstructure-carbide-distribution\/","name":"High Speed Steel Microstructure | M1, M4 and PM T15","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/high-speed-steel-microstructure-carbide-distribution\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/high-speed-steel-microstructure-carbide-distribution\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Aobo-Steel-Tool-Steel-Microstructure-hss-fig-63-m1-hardened-tempered.jpg","datePublished":"2026-10-03T00:02:40+00:00","description":"Hardened micrographs of M1 and M4 high speed steel beside the full powder metallurgy T15 series, from the pressed and annealed conditions to the hardened and tempered structure.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/high-speed-steel-microstructure-carbide-distribution\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"ko-KR","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/high-speed-steel-microstructure-carbide-distribution\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ko-KR","@id":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/high-speed-steel-microstructure-carbide-distribution\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Aobo-Steel-Tool-Steel-Microstructure-hss-fig-63-m1-hardened-tempered.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/Aobo-Steel-Tool-Steel-Microstructure-hss-fig-63-m1-hardened-tempered.jpg"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/high-speed-steel-microstructure-carbide-distribution\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"\u9996\u9875","item":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"High Speed Steel Microstructure and Carbide Distribution"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/","name":"\uc544\uc624\ubcf4\uc2a4\ud2f8","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"ko-KR"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/#organization","name":"\uc544\uc624\ubcf4\uc2a4\ud2f8","url":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ko-KR","@id":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/cropped-aobo-steel-1.avif","contentUrl":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/cropped-aobo-steel-1.avif","width":1052,"height":592,"caption":"AoboSteel"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/profile.php?id=61565368220197","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/aobosteel-evan\/"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/#\/schema\/person\/96118415c30ca6bb52eaf1127b052ef7","name":"\uc5d0\ubc18","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ko-KR","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/8e402f2e6f36093f0bf1855dbf79269cde23cd659c44eefdd7ecf7ff9c05786f?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/8e402f2e6f36093f0bf1855dbf79269cde23cd659c44eefdd7ecf7ff9c05786f?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/8e402f2e6f36093f0bf1855dbf79269cde23cd659c44eefdd7ecf7ff9c05786f?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Evan"},"sameAs":["http:\/\/www.aobosteel.com","https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/profile.php?id=61565368220197","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/aobosteel\/","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/aobosteel-evan\/","https:\/\/x.com\/AobosteelEvan","https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@aobosteel"],"url":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/ko\/blog\/author\/admin\/"}]}},"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false,"trp-custom-language-flag":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Evan","author_link":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/ko\/blog\/author\/admin\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"High Speed Steel | Carbide and Powder Metallurgy High Speed Steel Microstructure and Carbide Distribution High speed steel is bought for the carbide it carries, and the microstructure is where the difference between one supplier and another shows up. A conventional ingot route leaves carbide in bands and stringers that follow the solidification pattern, and&hellip;","rttpg_featured_image_url":null,"rttpg_author":{"display_name":"Evan","author_link":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/ko\/blog\/author\/admin\/"},"rttpg_comment":0,"rttpg_category":null,"rttpg_excerpt":"High Speed Steel | Carbide and Powder Metallurgy High Speed Steel Microstructure and Carbide Distribution High speed steel is bought for the carbide it carries, and the microstructure is where the difference between one supplier and another shows up. A conventional ingot route leaves carbide in bands and stringers that follow the solidification pattern, and&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/20725","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20725"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/20725\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":20726,"href":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/20725\/revisions\/20726"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/ko\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20725"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}