{"id":18229,"date":"2026-09-13T10:23:15","date_gmt":"2026-09-13T02:23:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/?page_id=18229"},"modified":"2026-09-13T10:24:17","modified_gmt":"2026-09-13T02:24:17","slug":"tool-steel-forging-temperature-guide","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/ko\/tool-steel-forging-temperature-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"Tool Steel Forging Temperature Guide by Grade"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style>\n:root{\n    --aobo-accent:#2563eb; --aobo-accent-dark:#1e1e2e; --aobo-blue:#0c56d0; --aobo-blue-dark:#073b91;\n    --aobo-text:#333; --aobo-muted:#888; --aobo-border:#e5e7eb; --aobo-border-dark:#ddd;\n    --aobo-stripe:#f7f7f9; --aobo-hover:#e8f0fe; --aobo-radius:8px; --aobo-radius-sm:6px;\n    --aobo-orange:#f59e0b; --aobo-fill:#e9ecef;\n  }\n  *{box-sizing:border-box;}\n  html{-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;}\n  body{margin:0;background:#fff;color:var(--aobo-text);\n    font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,\"Segoe 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stacked grade cards (<560px) \u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500\u2500 *\/\n  @media (max-width:560px){\n    .ts-table-wrap{overflow:visible;border:0;background:transparent;box-shadow:none;}\n    table.ts-table{display:block;min-width:0;width:100%;font-size:.94em;}\n    .ts-table thead{display:none;}\n    .ts-table tbody{display:block;}\n    .ts-table tbody tr.ts-group{display:block;border-radius:var(--aobo-radius-sm);margin:.9em 0 .5em;\n      padding:.45em .7em;font-size:.74em;border-bottom:0;}\n    .ts-table tbody tr.ts-group:first-child{margin-top:0;}\n    .ts-table tbody tr.ts-group td{display:block;padding:0;border:0;background:transparent;}\n    .ts-table tbody tr:not(.ts-group){display:block;background:#fff !important;border:1px solid var(--aobo-border);\n      border-left:3px solid var(--aobo-accent);border-radius:0 var(--aobo-radius) var(--aobo-radius) 0;\n      padding:.6em .8em .7em;margin-bottom:.6em;}\n    .ts-table tbody tr:not(.ts-group):hover{background:#fff !important;}\n    .ts-table tbody tr:not(.ts-group) td{display:flex;gap:.8em;justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;\n      min-width:0 !important;width:auto !important;padding:.3em 0;border-bottom:1px dashed #eef0f3;\n      text-align:left;white-space:normal;}\n    .ts-table tbody tr:not(.ts-group) td:last-child{border-bottom:0;}\n    .ts-table tbody tr:not(.ts-group) td::before{content:attr(data-label);flex:0 0 38%;color:var(--aobo-muted);\n      font-weight:600;font-size:.86em;line-height:1.5;}\n    .ts-table tbody tr:not(.ts-group) td.ts-grade{display:block;font-size:1.05em;padding:0 0 .35em;margin-bottom:.3em;\n      border-bottom:1px solid var(--aobo-border);}\n    .ts-table tbody tr:not(.ts-group) td.ts-grade::before{content:none;}\n  }\n\n<\/style>\n<section class=\"aobo-ht-ref ts-props\">\n  <div class=\"aobo-wrap\">\n    <div class=\"ts-hero\">\n      <div class=\"ts-hero-top\">\n        <div class=\"ts-kicker\"><span><\/span>Forging &amp; Post-Forging Practice<\/div>\n        <h1>Tool Steel Forging Temperature Guide<\/h1>\n        <p>Heating, start, stop and post-forging cooling temperatures for the common cold-work, shock-resisting, hot-work and stainless tool steel grades, as published in the mill and forge-shop datasheets. Use this table to set the forging window before hot working a billet, and to check the slow-cooling practice each grade needs after forging.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"ts-tool-area\">\n        <div class=\"ts-legend\">\n          <span><span class=\"ts-dot\"><\/span><b>Heating<\/b>&nbsp; temperature reached before forging starts<\/span>\n          <span><b>Start<\/b>&nbsp; temperature at which forging begins<\/span>\n          <span><b>Stop<\/b>&nbsp; minimum temperature \u2014 do not work the steel below it<\/span>\n          <span><b>Air cooling<\/b>&nbsp; is never the default for these grades<\/span>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"ts-table-wrap\">\n          <table class=\"ts-table\">\n            <thead>\n              <tr>\n                <th>Grade<\/th>\n                <th>Type<\/th>\n                <th>Heating before forging<\/th>\n                <th>Start forging<\/th>\n                <th>Stop forging (not below)<\/th>\n                <th>Cooling after forging<\/th>\n              <\/tr>\n            <\/thead>\n            <tbody>\n\n              <tr class=\"ts-group\"><td colspan=\"6\">Cold work tool steels<\/td><\/tr>\n              <tr>\n                <td class=\"ts-grade\"><a href=\"\/d2-tool-steel\/\">D2<\/a><\/td>\n                <td data-label=\"Type\">1.2379<\/td>\n                <td data-label=\"Heating\">Heat uniformly to the start temperature<\/td>\n                <td data-label=\"Start forging\" class=\"ts-num\">1052&ndash;1093 &deg;C (1925&ndash;2000 &deg;F)<\/td>\n                <td data-label=\"Stop forging\" class=\"ts-num\">927 &deg;C (1700 &deg;F)<\/td>\n                <td data-label=\"Cooling\">Small, simple forgings: slow in lime. Large: furnace at 843&nbsp;&deg;C (1550&nbsp;&deg;F), soak, shut off heat, cool slowly in the furnace <sup>(1)<\/sup><\/td>\n              <\/tr>\n              <tr>\n                <td class=\"ts-grade\"><a href=\"\/d3-tool-steel\/\">D3<\/a><\/td>\n                <td data-label=\"Type\">1.2080<\/td>\n                <td data-label=\"Heating\">Heat slowly and uniformly to the start temperature<\/td>\n                <td data-label=\"Start forging\" class=\"ts-num\">1052&ndash;1093 &deg;C (1925&ndash;2000 &deg;F)<\/td>\n                <td data-label=\"Stop forging\" class=\"ts-num\">927 &deg;C (1700 &deg;F)<\/td>\n                <td data-label=\"Cooling\">Small, simple forgings: slow in lime. Large: furnace at 843&nbsp;&deg;C (1550&nbsp;&deg;F), soak, shut off heat, cool slowly <sup>(1)<\/sup><\/td>\n              <\/tr>\n              <tr>\n                <td class=\"ts-grade\"><a href=\"\/a2-tool-steel\/\">A2<\/a><\/td>\n                <td data-label=\"Type\">1.2363<\/td>\n                <td data-label=\"Heating\">Heat uniformly to the start temperature<\/td>\n                <td data-label=\"Start forging\" class=\"ts-num\">1066&ndash;1121 &deg;C (1950&ndash;2050 &deg;F)<\/td>\n                <td data-label=\"Stop forging\" class=\"ts-num\">927 &deg;C (1700 &deg;F)<\/td>\n                <td data-label=\"Cooling\">Small, simple forgings: slow in lime. Large: furnace at 843&nbsp;&deg;C (1550&nbsp;&deg;F), soak, shut off heat, cool slowly <sup>(1)<\/sup><\/td>\n              <\/tr>\n              <tr>\n                <td class=\"ts-grade\"><a href=\"\/o1-tool-steel\/\">O1<\/a><\/td>\n                <td data-label=\"Type\">1.2510<\/td>\n                <td data-label=\"Heating\">Heat slowly and uniformly to the start temperature<\/td>\n                <td data-label=\"Start forging\" class=\"ts-num\">982&ndash;1038 &deg;C (1800&ndash;1900 &deg;F)<\/td>\n                <td data-label=\"Stop forging\" class=\"ts-num\">816 &deg;C (1500 &deg;F)<\/td>\n                <td data-label=\"Cooling\">Slowly in ashes, lime or in the furnace <sup>(1)<\/sup><\/td>\n              <\/tr>\n              <tr>\n                <td class=\"ts-grade\"><a href=\"\/dc53-tool-steel\/\">DC53<\/a><\/td>\n                <td data-label=\"Type\">&mdash;<\/td>\n                <td data-label=\"Heating\">Not published in the mill catalogue<\/td>\n                <td data-label=\"Start forging\" class=\"ts-num\">900&ndash;1100 &deg;C (1650&ndash;2010 &deg;F)<\/td>\n                <td data-label=\"Stop forging\" class=\"ts-num\">900 &deg;C (1650 &deg;F)<\/td>\n                <td data-label=\"Cooling\">Not stated in source &mdash; annealing after forging is recommended <sup>(3)<\/sup><\/td>\n              <\/tr>\n\n              <tr class=\"ts-group\"><td colspan=\"6\">Shock-resisting tool steels<\/td><\/tr>\n              <tr>\n                <td class=\"ts-grade\"><a href=\"\/s7-tool-steel\/\">S7<\/a><\/td>\n                <td data-label=\"Type\">&mdash;<\/td>\n                <td data-label=\"Heating\">Heat uniformly to the start temperature<\/td>\n                <td data-label=\"Start forging\" class=\"ts-num\">1066&ndash;1121 &deg;C (1950&ndash;2050 &deg;F)<\/td>\n                <td data-label=\"Stop forging\" class=\"ts-num\">927 &deg;C (1700 &deg;F)<\/td>\n                <td data-label=\"Cooling\">Small, simple forgings: dry lime, ashes or other insulating material. Large: furnace at 760&nbsp;&deg;C (1400&nbsp;&deg;F), soak, shut off heat, cool in the furnace <sup>(1)<\/sup><\/td>\n              <\/tr>\n\n              <tr class=\"ts-group\"><td colspan=\"6\">Hot work tool steels<\/td><\/tr>\n              <tr>\n                <td class=\"ts-grade\"><a href=\"\/h13-tool-steel\/\">H13<\/a><\/td>\n                <td data-label=\"Type\">1.2344<\/td>\n                <td data-label=\"Heating\">Preheat slowly to 750&nbsp;&deg;C, then raise more rapidly to the start temperature<\/td>\n                <td data-label=\"Start forging\" class=\"ts-num\">1050&ndash;1100 &deg;C<\/td>\n                <td data-label=\"Stop forging\" class=\"ts-num\">850 &deg;C<\/td>\n                <td data-label=\"Cooling\">Slow &mdash; in a furnace or in vermiculite <sup>(2)<\/sup><\/td>\n              <\/tr>\n              <tr>\n                <td class=\"ts-grade\"><a href=\"\/h11-tool-steel\/\">H11<\/a><\/td>\n                <td data-label=\"Type\">1.2343<\/td>\n                <td data-label=\"Heating\">Hot forming range below<\/td>\n                <td data-label=\"Start forging\" class=\"ts-num\">1100&ndash;900 &deg;C <sup>(4)<\/sup><\/td>\n                <td data-label=\"Stop forging\" class=\"ts-num\">850 &deg;C <sup>(4)<\/sup><\/td>\n                <td data-label=\"Cooling\">Slow &mdash; in a furnace or in vermiculite <sup>(4)<\/sup><\/td>\n              <\/tr>\n\n              <tr class=\"ts-group\"><td colspan=\"6\">Stainless (corrosion-resistant) tool steels<\/td><\/tr>\n              <tr>\n                <td class=\"ts-grade\"><a href=\"\/420-stainless-steel\/\">420<\/a><\/td>\n                <td data-label=\"Type\">1.2083 \/ 1.4021<\/td>\n                <td data-label=\"Heating\">Preheat to 760&ndash;816&nbsp;&deg;C (1400&ndash;1500&nbsp;&deg;F), then heat uniformly to the start temperature<\/td>\n                <td data-label=\"Start forging\" class=\"ts-num\">1097&ndash;1204 &deg;C (2000&ndash;2200 &deg;F)<\/td>\n                <td data-label=\"Stop forging\" class=\"ts-num\">900 &deg;C (1650 &deg;F)<\/td>\n                <td data-label=\"Cooling\">Furnace at 843&nbsp;&deg;C (1550&nbsp;&deg;F) if possible; otherwise warm dry lime or ashes. Air cooling may cause cracking <sup>(1)(5)<\/sup><\/td>\n              <\/tr>\n              <tr>\n                <td class=\"ts-grade\"><a href=\"\/440c-stainless-steel\/\">440C<\/a><\/td>\n                <td data-label=\"Type\">1.4125<\/td>\n                <td data-label=\"Heating\">Preheat to 760&ndash;816&nbsp;&deg;C (1400&ndash;1500&nbsp;&deg;F), then heat slowly and uniformly to the start temperature<\/td>\n                <td data-label=\"Start forging\" class=\"ts-num\">1038&ndash;1149 &deg;C (1900&ndash;2100 &deg;F)<\/td>\n                <td data-label=\"Stop forging\" class=\"ts-num\">927 &deg;C (1700 &deg;F)<\/td>\n                <td data-label=\"Cooling\">Furnace if possible, otherwise warm dry lime or ashes <sup>(1)<\/sup><\/td>\n              <\/tr>\n\n            <\/tbody>\n          <\/table>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <ul class=\"ts-notes-list\">\n          <li><sup>(1)<\/sup> Carpenter Technology (CarTech) datasheets for D2, D3, A2 (No. 484), O1, S7, 420 and 440C. Values are quoted from the forge section of each datasheet.<\/li>\n          <li><sup>(2)<\/sup> West Yorkshire Steel X40CrMoV5-1 (H13) datasheet. A peer-reviewed study on H13 hot working reports a heating temperature of 1120&ndash;1150&nbsp;&deg;C, start forging at 1050&ndash;1100&nbsp;&deg;C and a terminal forging temperature of 850&ndash;900&nbsp;&deg;C, which supports the same window.<\/li>\n          <li><sup>(3)<\/sup> Daido Steel DC53 catalogue, as reproduced in the distributor&rsquo;s technical bulletin: forging temperature 900&ndash;1100&nbsp;&deg;C; annealing after forging is recommended to minimise stress.<\/li>\n          <li><sup>(4)<\/sup> European mill datasheets for 1.2343 publish a hot-forming range of 1100&ndash;900&nbsp;&deg;C rather than a separate start\/stop pair. Some producers quote a narrower window with a higher floor &mdash; confirm against the mill certificate for the heat you are working.<\/li>\n          <li><sup>(5)<\/sup> &ldquo;AISI 420&rdquo; strictly refers to UNS S42000 \/ EN 1.4021 (X20Cr13, ~0.2&nbsp;%C). The 1.2083 \/ X42Cr13 grade is the higher-carbon &ldquo;420 modified&rdquo; mould steel. Forging data for both is listed in the same family; check which one your drawing specifies.<\/li>\n          <li><b>Stop temperature conventions differ.<\/b> North American datasheets state a single minimum (&ldquo;do not forge below&rdquo;), while European mill datasheets publish a hot-forming range whose lower bound can sit lower &mdash; for D2 and D3, for example, European data gives a hot-forming range of 1050&ndash;850&nbsp;&deg;C against the US minimum of 927&nbsp;&deg;C. Both are published values; the machining and heat-treatment route decides which applies to your order.<\/li>\n          <li><b>Reheating.<\/b> Every datasheet in this table allows reheating as often as necessary to stay inside the forging window. The stop temperature is a floor, not a target.<\/li>\n        <\/ul>\n\n        <div class=\"ts-grid\">\n          <div class=\"ts-card\">\n            <h2>Cooling down is not annealing<\/h2>\n            <p>The slow cool after forging <b>does not replace an anneal<\/b>. The datasheets state this explicitly: after the forging is cold it must still be annealed before machining and hardening.<\/p>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"ts-card\">\n            <h2>Reheat to stay in the window<\/h2>\n            <p>As the billet loses heat it drops below the forging window. <b>Reheat as often as necessary<\/b> &mdash; working below the stop temperature is what produces cracking and internal defects.<\/p>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"ts-card\">\n            <h2>Stainless grades need slower cooling<\/h2>\n            <p><a href=\"\/420-stainless-steel\/\">420<\/a> and <a href=\"\/440c-stainless-steel\/\">440C<\/a> are cooled in a furnace where possible, or in warm dry lime or ashes. <b>Air cooling 420 may cause cracking<\/b>, and both grades must be annealed after forging.<\/p>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"ts-card\">\n            <h2>Where the numbers come from<\/h2>\n            <p>Values are quoted from <b>mill and forge-shop datasheets<\/b> (Carpenter Technology, West Yorkshire Steel, Daido Steel). Where producers differ, the difference is shown rather than averaged away.<\/p>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"ts-disclaimer\">\n          <h3>Before you set the forging window<\/h3>\n          <p>Forging temperatures are published as typical values for the grade family. The exact window depends on the grade specification, the mill that produced the steel, the billet size and the forging equipment. Confirm the figures against the mill certificate for the heat you are working before production.<\/p>\n          <p>All grades in this table must be annealed after forging and cooled to room temperature before annealing. Cooling rate, soak time and the annealing cycle are covered on the individual grade heat-treatment pages &mdash; for example <a href=\"\/d2-tool-steel-heat-treatment-guide\/\">D2 heat treatment<\/a>, <a href=\"\/h13-steel-heat-treatment\/\">H13 heat treatment<\/a>, <a href=\"\/420-stainless-steel-heat-treatment\/\">420 heat treatment<\/a> and <a href=\"\/440c-stainless-steel-heat-treatment\/\">440C heat treatment<\/a>.<\/p>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"ts-related\">\n          <h2>Related reference pages<\/h2>\n          <ul>\n            <li><a href=\"\/tool-steel-annealing-normalizing-temperature-chart\/\">Tool steel annealing &amp; normalizing temperature chart<\/a> &mdash; the heat-treatment temperatures that follow forging, grade by grade.<\/li>\n            <li><a href=\"\/steel-heat-color-chart\/\">Steel heat colour chart<\/a> &mdash; judging billet temperature by colour at the forge.<\/li>\n            <li><a href=\"\/selection-of-tool-steel-for-hot-forging-dies\/\">Tool steel selection for hot forging dies<\/a> &mdash; choosing the grade for forging dies and tooling.<\/li>\n            <li><a href=\"\/tool-steel-for-hot-forging-stamping-trimming-dies\/\">Tool steel for hot forging, stamping and trimming dies<\/a> &mdash; grades for the dies that work hot metal.<\/li>\n            <li><a href=\"\/blog\/forged-vs-rolled-tool-steel\/\">Forged vs rolled tool steel<\/a> &mdash; how the forming route changes the material you receive.<\/li>\n            <li><a href=\"\/blog\/wrought-steel-vs-forged-steel\/\">Wrought steel vs forged steel<\/a> &mdash; what forged supply actually means.<\/li>\n            <li><a href=\"\/tool-steel-properties-chart\/\">General properties of tool steels<\/a> &mdash; cross-grade comparison of wear resistance, toughness and hot hardness.<\/li>\n            <li><a href=\"\/tool-steel-equivalent-grades\/\">Tool steel equivalent grades chart<\/a> &mdash; AISI, DIN, JIS and GB cross-reference for every grade in this table.<\/li>\n          <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <p class=\"ts-source\">Data source: Carpenter Technology (CarTech) datasheets for D2, D3, A2, O1, S7, 420 and 440C &middot; West Yorkshire Steel X40CrMoV5-1 datasheet for H13 &middot; Daido Steel DC53 catalogue via distributor technical bulletin &middot; European mill datasheets for 1.2343 (H11). Reviewed 2026.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Forging &amp; Post-Forging Practice Tool Steel Forging Temperature Guide Heating, start, stop and post-forging cooling temperatures for the common cold-work, shock-resisting, hot-work and stainless tool steel grades, as published in the mill and forge-shop datasheets. Use this table to set the forging window before hot working a billet, and to check the slow-cooling practice each [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"normal-width-container","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-18229","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.4 (Yoast SEO v28.4) - 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