{"id":15634,"date":"2026-05-23T11:09:01","date_gmt":"2026-05-23T03:09:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/?page_id=15634"},"modified":"2026-10-23T21:01:22","modified_gmt":"2026-10-23T13:01:22","slug":"plastic-deformation-resistant-tool-steels","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/ko\/plastic-deformation-resistant-tool-steels\/","title":{"rendered":"\ub0b4\uc18c\uc131 \uacf5\uad6c\uac15 | \uc544\uc624\ubcf4 \uc2a4\ud2f8"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center\">High Compressive Strength Tool Steels for Plastic Deformation Resistance<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the plastic deformation failure mode, the working edge, forming surface, punch head, die corner, or cavity area yields under load. The tool may still look intact, but its geometry has changed, making it difficult to control part accuracy, clearance, and forming stability.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tool Steels Available for Plastic Deformation Resistance<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Aobo Steel supplies cold work, hot work, and high-speed tool steels for high-pressure dies, punches, forming tools, extrusion tooling, and applications where edge collapse or surface sinking must be controlled.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<style id=\"pld-cards\" data-noptimize=\"1\">\n\/* Plastic-deformation grade cards. Card values follow the site card baseline:\n   white, square corners, hairline border, soft shadow, no card hover. *\/\n.entry-content[class] .pld-row{display:grid!important;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:16px;margin:0 0 26px;padding:0}\n.entry-content[class] .pld-row .wp-block-column{margin:0;padding:0;min-width:0}\n.entry-content[class] .pld-row .pld-card{background:#fff;border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.12);border-radius:0;\n  box-shadow:0 12px 32px rgba(0,0,0,.04);padding:20px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;flex:1 1 auto}\n.entry-content[class] .pld-card h3{margin:0!important;color:#0b0b0b!important;font-size:23px!important;\n  line-height:1.25!important;font-weight:700!important;letter-spacing:-.01em!important;text-transform:none!important}\n.entry-content[class] .pld-card p{font-size:17px!important;line-height:1.7!important;color:#0b0b0b!important;\n  margin:12px 0 18px!important}\n.entry-content[class] .pld-card .wp-block-buttons{margin:auto 0 0!important;gap:12px;flex-wrap:nowrap;align-items:stretch}\n.entry-content[class] .pld-card .wp-block-button{flex:1 1 0;margin:0;min-width:0}\n.entry-content[class] .pld-card .wp-block-button__link{width:100%;border-radius:999px;padding:10px 12px;\n  font-size:14px;line-height:1.25;font-weight:700;text-align:center;text-decoration:none;\n  background:#074fd0;border:1px solid #074fd0;color:#fff}\n.entry-content[class] .pld-card .wp-block-button__link:hover{background:#063c9e;border-color:#063c9e;color:#fff}\n.entry-content[class] .pld-card .is-style-outline .wp-block-button__link{background:transparent;\n  border:1px solid #0b0b0b;color:#0b0b0b;font-weight:400}\n.entry-content[class] .pld-card .is-style-outline .wp-block-button__link:hover{background:#f4f8ff;color:#0b0b0b}\n\/* Related selection guides: the source renders them as bordered link cards in a\n   2-column grid. *\/\n.entry-content[class] .pld-rel{display:grid!important;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr));\n  gap:12px;margin:0 0 28px;padding:0}\n.entry-content[class] .pld-rel .wp-block-column{margin:0;padding:15px 16px;min-width:0;background:#fff;\n  border:1px solid #e1ebfa;border-radius:0}\n.entry-content[class] .pld-rel p{margin:0!important;padding:0!important}\n.entry-content[class] .pld-rel a{display:block;text-decoration:none;color:#0b0b0b}\n.entry-content[class] .pld-rel .pld-rel-name{display:block;margin-bottom:4px!important;color:#082d6f;\n  font-size:16px;font-weight:700;line-height:1.35}\n.entry-content[class] .pld-rel .pld-rel-desc{display:block;color:#475569;font-size:14px;line-height:1.5}\n.entry-content[class] .pld-rel .wp-block-column:hover{border-color:#0c56d0}\n@media(max-width:1000px){.entry-content[class] .pld-row{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))}}\n@media(max-width:640px){.entry-content[class] .pld-row{grid-template-columns:1fr}\n  .entry-content[class] .pld-rel{grid-template-columns:1fr}\n  .entry-content[class] .pld-card .wp-block-buttons{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:10px}}\n<\/style>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns pld-row is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column pld-card is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">D2 | 1.2379 | SKD11<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">High-pressure cold work steel for wear resistance, edge stability, and deformation resistance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-outline is-style-outline--1\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/d2-tool-steel\/\">View Details<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button popmake-16052\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\">Send Inquiry<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column pld-card is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">D3 | 1.2080 | SKD1<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">High-hardness cold work steel for steady pressure and severe abrasive service.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-outline is-style-outline--2\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/d3-tool-steel\/\">View Details<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button popmake-16052\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\">Send Inquiry<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column pld-card is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">D6 | 1.2436 | SKD2<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cold work grade for severe wear and pressure conditions where impact risk is controlled.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-outline is-style-outline--3\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/d6-tool-steel\/\">View Details<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button popmake-16052\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\">Send Inquiry<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns pld-row is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column pld-card is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A2 | 1.2363 | SKD12<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Balanced cold work steel when deformation resistance must be combined with better toughness.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-outline is-style-outline--4\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/a2-tool-steel\/\">View Details<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button popmake-16052\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\">Send Inquiry<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column pld-card is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cr12MoV Tool Steel<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">GB cold work grade for general dies, forming tools, cutting tools, and pressure-resistant cold work applications.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-outline is-style-outline--5\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/cr12mov-tool-steel\/\">View Details<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button popmake-16052\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\">Send Inquiry<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column pld-card is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">O1 | 1.2510 | SKS3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Oil-hardening cold work steel for moderate-load tools, smaller dies, and shorter production runs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-outline is-style-outline--6\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/o1-tool-steel\/\">View Details<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button popmake-16052\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\">Send Inquiry<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns pld-row is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column pld-card is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">O2 | 1.2842<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Oil-hardening cold work steel for general tooling parts and moderate-pressure applications.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-outline is-style-outline--7\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/o2-tool-steel\/\">View Details<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button popmake-16052\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\">Send Inquiry<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column pld-card is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">H11 | 1.2343 | SKD6<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hot work steel for pressure resistance, toughness, and elevated-temperature service.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-outline is-style-outline--8\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/h11-tool-steel\/\">View Details<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button popmake-16052\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\">Send Inquiry<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column pld-card is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">H13 | 1.2344 | SKD61<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hot work steel for hot forging, die casting, hot extrusion, and hot shear tools.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-outline is-style-outline--9\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/h13-tool-steel\/\">View Details<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button popmake-16052\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\">Send Inquiry<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns pld-row is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column pld-card is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">M2 | 1.3343 | SKH51<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">High-speed steel for cold extrusion punches, cutting tools, and high-pressure special tools.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-outline is-style-outline--10\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/m2-tool-steel\/\">View Details<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button popmake-16052\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\">Send Inquiry<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To reduce this failure, high-compressive-strength tool steels such as D2, D3, D6, A2, and Cr12MoV are selected for cold work applications requiring high hardness, compressive strength, and resistance to surface collapse or edge rounding. Coining and powder compaction dies are the classic case; the grade options are compared in the <a href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/tool-steel-for-coining-powder-compaction-dies\/\">coining and powder compaction die steel selection guide<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When the same deformation problem arises at elevated temperatures, H11 and H13 are chosen. In hot forging, die casting, hot extrusion, or hot shearing, the steel must simultaneously resist both pressure and softening.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In actual tooling, plastic deformation usually appears as edge rounding, surface sinking, punch mushrooming, die corner collapse, cavity distortion, or unstable clearance. This failure is different from normal abrasive wear because the tool is not only losing material but also changing its working geometry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Plastic deformation results from low hardness, insufficient compressive or hot strength, or excessive pressure. If chipping or cracking occurs first, toughness, not hardness, may be needed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Recommended High-Compressive-Strength Tool Steels<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Grade \/ Group<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Equivalent Grades<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Best Use Direction<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Limitation<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">D2<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">1.2379 \/ SKD11 \/ Cr12Mo1V1<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">High-pressure cold work tools needing wear resistance and deformation resistance<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Not suitable for heavy impact<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">D3<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">1.2080 \/ SKD1<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">High-hardness cold work tools under steady pressure<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Lower toughness than D2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">D6<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">1.2436 \/ SKD2<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Severe wear and pressure conditions<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Impact risk must be controlled<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">A2<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">1.2363 \/ SKD12<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Tools needing better toughness than D2 while still resisting deformation<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Lower wear resistance than D2 and D3<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Cr12MoV<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Chinese GB grade<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">General cold work dies, forming tools, and cutting tools<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Performance depends strongly on heat treatment<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">O1 \/ O2<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">1.2510 \/ 1.2842<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Moderate-load tools, smaller dies, and shorter production runs<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Not suitable for severe pressure<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">H11<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">1.2343 \/ SKD6<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Hot work tools needing pressure resistance and toughness<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Not a cold work wear steel<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">H13<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">1.2344 \/ SKD61<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Hot forging, die casting, hot extrusion, and hot shear tools<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Lower cold wear resistance than D-series steels<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">M2 \/ M4<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">High-speed steels<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Cold extrusion punches, cutting tools, and high-pressure special tools<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Higher cost and more specific use<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">PM Tool Steels<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">PM cold work and PM high-speed grades<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Very high hardness with improved carbide uniformity<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Higher cost<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Cemented Carbide<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">WC-Co grades<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Extreme compressive load beyond tool steel capability<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Poor tolerance for bending and impact<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">D2 is usually the practical starting point for cold work deformation resistance. D3 and D6 move further toward wear and pressure resistance. A2 is useful when the tool also needs more toughness.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-31f4a13d wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"border-radius:10px;background-color:#fffaf2;margin-bottom:18px;padding-top:22px;padding-right:24px;padding-bottom:22px;padding-left:24px\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cemented carbide is used only when tool steel cannot carry the pressure. Its room-temperature compressive strength ranges from 3,450 to 6,900 MPa, but it is much less tolerant of bending, impact, or poor support.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How to Choose Tool Steel for Plastic Deformation Resistance<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Working Condition<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Better Material Direction<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Cold work pressure with wear<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">D2 \/ D3 \/ D6 \/ Cr12MoV<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Cold work pressure with chipping risk<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">A2 or lower-hardness D2 direction<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Moderate pressure and lower production volume<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">O1 \/ O2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Hot pressure above about 200 C<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">H11 \/ H13<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Severe cold extrusion or high-load punching<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">M2 \/ M4 \/ PM tool steel<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Pressure exceeds steel capability<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Cemented carbide or tool redesign<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For cold extrusion, practical pressure limits are useful. Punch pressure is often kept below about 2,370 MPa, and die internal pressure below about 1,895 MPa. When the working pressure approaches these levels, grade selection should be checked together with tool geometry, backing support, and contact area.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">PM steels are useful when conventional high-alloy steels cannot provide sufficient hardness and toughness simultaneously. Some PM grades can reach about 64-69 HRC while keeping a finer carbide structure than conventionally produced steels.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Common Applications of High Compressive Strength Tool Steels<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Application<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Common Grade Direction<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Main Requirement<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Blanking punches and dies<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">D2 \/ D3 \/ D6 \/ Cr12MoV<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Edge stability and wear resistance<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Coining tools<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">D2 \/ D6 \/ M2<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Resistance to surface sinking<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Thread rolling dies<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">D2 \/ M2 \/ PM steels<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Pressure resistance and dimensional stability<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Cold extrusion punches<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">D2 \/ M2 \/ M4 \/ PM steels<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">High compressive strength with controlled toughness<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Deep drawing dies<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">D2 \/ A2 \/ Cr12MoV<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Stable die geometry<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Cold heading tools<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">D2 \/ A2 \/ M2<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Compression resistance with toughness<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Powder compaction dies<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">D2 \/ D6 \/ PM steels \/ carbide<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">High pressure and abrasive wear resistance<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Forming rolls<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">D2 \/ D6 \/ Cr12MoV<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Surface stability and wear resistance<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Hot forging dies<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">H11 \/ H13<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Hot strength and thermal fatigue resistance<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Die casting dies<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">H13 \/ H11<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Heat resistance and pressure resistance<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Hot extrusion tools<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">H11 \/ H13 \/ H21 direction<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Hot compressive strength<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">When High Compressive Strength Is Not Enough<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table is-style-stripes\"><table><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Problem<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Selection Meaning<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Cracking or chipping first<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">High compressive strength is ineffective if cracking or chipping occurs before deformation. In such cases, A2, S7, or lower-hardness steels may prolong tool life compared to hard D-series steels.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Pressure with heat<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">D2, D3, D6, and Cr12MoV can resist cold pressure, but they lose strength as the temperature rises. H11 and H13 are better choices when high-temperature hot working is combined with pressure.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Local overload<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">If the tool still deforms after correct material selection and heat treatment, the load may be too concentrated for the working area. This usually requires better backing support, a larger contact area, improved radius design, or a material upgrade to PM steel or cemented carbide.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Related Tool Steel Selection Guides<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Compare other common tool failure modes and the steel properties used to resist them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns pld-rel is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column pld-rel-card is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/abrasive-wear-resistant-tool-steels\/\"><strong class=\"pld-rel-name\">Abrasive Wear<\/strong><br><span class=\"pld-rel-desc\">Surface gradually scratched or grooved by hard particles<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column pld-rel-card is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/tool-steels-for-chipping-resistance\/\"><strong class=\"pld-rel-name\">Chipping<\/strong><br><span class=\"pld-rel-desc\">Small pieces breaking off cutting edges or tool corners<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns pld-rel is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column pld-rel-card is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/tool-steels-for-cracking-resistance\/\"><strong class=\"pld-rel-name\">Cracking<\/strong><br><span class=\"pld-rel-desc\">Through-thickness fractures from overload or stress concentration<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column pld-rel-card is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/thermal-fatigue-resistant-tool-steels\/\"><strong class=\"pld-rel-name\">Thermal Fatigue<\/strong><br><span class=\"pld-rel-desc\">Surface cracks from repeated heating and cooling cycles<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns pld-rel is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column pld-rel-card is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/adhesive-wear-resistant-tool-steels\/\"><strong class=\"pld-rel-name\">Adhesive Wear &amp; Galling<\/strong><br><span class=\"pld-rel-desc\">Material transfer and surface sticking between contact surfaces<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>High Compressive Strength Tool Steels for Plastic Deformation Resistance In the plastic deformation failure mode, the working edge, forming surface, punch head, die corner, or cavity area yields under load. The tool may still look intact, but its geometry has changed, making it difficult to control part accuracy, clearance, and forming stability. Tool Steels Available [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":15635,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"normal-width-container","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-15634","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.7 (Yoast SEO v28.7) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Plastic Deformation Resistant Tool Steels | Aobo Steel<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Select tool steels for plastic deformation resistance. 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