{"id":9541,"date":"2025-08-05T14:44:50","date_gmt":"2025-08-05T06:44:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/?page_id=9541"},"modified":"2026-04-02T13:04:48","modified_gmt":"2026-04-02T05:04:48","slug":"selection-of-steels-for-cold-heading-dies","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/es\/selection-of-steels-for-cold-heading-dies\/","title":{"rendered":"Gu\u00eda de selecci\u00f3n de aceros para matrices de conformado en fr\u00edo | Proveedor de aceros para herramientas Aobo Steel"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

Selecci\u00f3n de aceros para herramientas en matrices de conformado en fr\u00edo<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

El conformado en fr\u00edo es un proceso de conformado en masa que se utiliza para producir componentes de gran volumen, como sujetadores, mediante deformaci\u00f3n pl\u00e1stica a temperatura ambiente. Los troqueles se someten a cargas de impacto c\u00edclicas y esfuerzos de compresi\u00f3n de hasta aproximadamente 2413 MPa (350 ksi).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aunque se clasifica como un proceso en fr\u00edo, las temperaturas localizadas en la interfaz entre la matriz y la pieza de trabajo pueden aumentar varios cientos de grados Celsius debido a la energ\u00eda de deformaci\u00f3n y la fricci\u00f3n. Esto afecta la dureza de la superficie y acelera el desgaste.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En estas condiciones, la falla del troquel se debe principalmente al desgaste abrasivo, el agarrotamiento adhesivo y el agrietamiento por fatiga. En aplicaciones de alta carga, una tenacidad insuficiente provoca el astillamiento de los bordes o una fractura fr\u00e1gil repentina.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Factores de selecci\u00f3n<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

La selecci\u00f3n del acero para herramientas utilizado en matrices de forjado en fr\u00edo viene determinada por la interacci\u00f3n entre la resistencia al desgaste, la tenacidad y la resistencia a la compresi\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Se requiere una alta dureza superficial para resistir la abrasi\u00f3n, la adhesi\u00f3n y la deformaci\u00f3n pl\u00e1stica. En la mayor\u00eda de las aplicaciones, la dureza de trabajo oscila entre 56 y 62 HRC. Sin embargo, un aumento de la dureza reduce la tenacidad, lo que incrementa el riesgo de agrietamiento bajo impacto c\u00edclico.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En consecuencia, las matrices de forjado en fr\u00edo no se dise\u00f1an como componentes de dureza uniforme. En cambio, su rendimiento depende de un gradiente de dureza: una superficie dura y resistente al desgaste, sostenida por un n\u00facleo m\u00e1s resistente que absorbe la tensi\u00f3n del impacto.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Este requisito se cumple mediante dos enfoques:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Los aceros de endurecimiento superficial desarrollan una superficie dura con un n\u00facleo relativamente resistente durante el tratamiento t\u00e9rmico. Son adecuados para matrices s\u00f3lidas sometidas a altos impactos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Los aceros de alta aleaci\u00f3n y endurecimiento profundo proporcionan una dureza elevada y uniforme, por lo que se utilizan como insertos, donde una carcasa exterior m\u00e1s resistente soporta la carga mec\u00e1nica.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Por lo tanto, la selecci\u00f3n no solo se basa en el material, sino que tambi\u00e9n depende de si la matriz est\u00e1 dise\u00f1ada como una herramienta s\u00f3lida o como un inserto.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aceros para herramientas recomendados<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n

Acero para herramientas AISI D2 | 1.2379 | SKD11<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

El D2 se utiliza en aplicaciones donde el desgaste abrasivo es el mecanismo de falla dominante y la carga de impacto es moderada.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Su alto contenido de carbono y cromo produce un gran volumen de carburos duros, lo que le confiere una gran resistencia al desgaste de 58 a 60 HRC. Sin embargo, su tenacidad relativamente baja lo hace inadecuado para matrices s\u00f3lidas sometidas a fuertes impactos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Por este motivo, el D2 se suele utilizar como inserto, donde la estructura circundante del troquel absorbe la carga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
Enviar consulta ahora<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n
Ver detalles de suministro de material D2<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n

S1 y S7 (Aceros para herramientas resistentes a los impactos)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Se seleccionan S1 y S7 cuando la fractura inducida por impacto es el modo de fallo dominante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El acero S7 se utiliza ampliamente debido a su comportamiento de endurecimiento al aire y su tenacidad estable. Generalmente se emplea con una dureza de 56 a 58 HRC para reducir el riesgo de agrietamiento por impacto. En comparaci\u00f3n con aceros de mayor dureza, ofrece menor resistencia al desgaste, pero una resistencia significativamente mayor a la fractura por fatiga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El acero inoxidable S1 es el material preferido en matrices con concentraci\u00f3n de tensiones, donde se debe controlar la iniciaci\u00f3n de grietas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Estos aceros son adecuados para matrices s\u00f3lidas que operan en condiciones de impacto severas, donde el desgaste no es el factor limitante principal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
Enviar consulta ahora<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n
Ver detalles de suministro de material S1\/S7<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n

Acero para herramientas AISI M2 | 1.3343 | SKH51<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

El M2 se utiliza en aplicaciones de alta carga que implican un desgaste severo, una alta tensi\u00f3n de contacto o materiales que se endurecen por deformaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ofrece mayor resistencia a la compresi\u00f3n y al desgaste que el acero D2, y se suele utilizar con una dureza de 62 a 64 HRC. A diferencia de los aceros convencionales para trabajo en fr\u00edo, el M2 mantiene su dureza a temperaturas elevadas, lo que ayuda a prevenir el ablandamiento de la superficie y la deformaci\u00f3n pl\u00e1stica durante el conformado a alta velocidad.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Debido a su coste, el M2 se utiliza principalmente como inserto en zonas de desgaste cr\u00edticas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
Enviar consulta ahora<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n
Ver detalles de suministro de material M2<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n

W1 y W2 (Aceros para herramientas endurecibles por agua)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Los aceros W1 y W2 son aceros de endurecimiento superficial que se utilizan para punzones y matrices s\u00f3lidas sometidas a cargas de alto impacto.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pueden alcanzar una dureza superficial superior a 60 HRC manteniendo un n\u00facleo m\u00e1s resistente, gracias a su templabilidad limitada. Esta estructura permite que el troquel absorba el impacto sin agrietarse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sin embargo, el enfriamiento r\u00e1pido con agua conlleva un alto riesgo de deformaci\u00f3n y agrietamiento, lo que limita su uso a geometr\u00edas simples y secciones m\u00e1s peque\u00f1as.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Tabla de resumen<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Grado de acero para herramientas<\/td>Dureza t\u00edpica<\/td>Funci\u00f3n de selecci\u00f3n principal<\/td><\/tr>
W1 \/ W2<\/td>Superficie: 60+ HRC \/ N\u00facleo: 40\u201350 HRC<\/td>Troqueles s\u00f3lidos sometidos a alto impacto con geometr\u00eda simple<\/td><\/tr>
S1 \/ S7<\/td>56-58 HRC<\/td>Los troqueles s\u00f3lidos requieren m\u00e1xima resistencia al impacto y a la fatiga.<\/td><\/tr>
D2<\/td>58\u201360 HRC<\/td>Insertos para aplicaciones con predominio de desgaste<\/td><\/tr>
M2<\/td>62\u201364 HRC<\/td>Insertos para condiciones de alta carga, alto desgaste y ablandamiento t\u00e9rmico.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Selection of Tool Steel for Cold-Heading Dies Cold heading is a bulk-forming process used to produce high-volume components, such as fasteners, by plastic deformation at room temperature. The dies are subjected to cyclic impact loading and compressive stresses up to approximately 2413 MPa (350 ksi). Although classified as a cold process, localized temperatures at the […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4760,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"content-type":"landing-page","_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-9541","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nCold Heading Die Steel Selection Guide | Tool Steel Supplier Aobo Steel<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"How to select tool steel for cold-heading dies based on wear, impact, and load conditions. Practical guidance for W1, S7, D2, and M2 applications.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/es\/selection-of-steels-for-cold-heading-dies\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_MX\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Cold Heading Die Steel Selection Guide | Tool Steel Supplier Aobo Steel\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"How to select tool steel for cold-heading dies based on wear, impact, and load conditions. 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