{"id":21315,"date":"2026-10-08T12:18:04","date_gmt":"2026-10-08T04:18:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/?page_id=21315"},"modified":"2026-10-16T16:21:59","modified_gmt":"2026-10-16T08:21:59","slug":"drilling-hardened-tool-steel","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/es\/drilling-hardened-tool-steel\/","title":{"rendered":"Perforaci\u00f3n de acero para herramientas endurecido"},"content":{"rendered":"

Perforaci\u00f3n de acero para herramientas endurecido<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

Un agujero es la caracter\u00edstica m\u00e1s econ\u00f3mica de incorporar en una pieza de acero para herramientas mientras el acero a\u00fan est\u00e1 blando, y la m\u00e1s costosa de incorporar despu\u00e9s del endurecimiento. Cuando hay que perforar un troquel o inserto endurecido, el material de la herramienta y la velocidad de corte cambian con la dureza, y la pr\u00e1ctica publicada para aceros de troquel establece un escal\u00f3n claro a 50 HRC. Esta p\u00e1gina expone los par\u00e1metros de broca para acero para herramientas tanto en condici\u00f3n blanda como endurecida.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perfore en blando siempre que el trabajo lo permita<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

La perforaci\u00f3n normalmente se realiza antes del endurecimiento. Los par\u00e1metros publicados para el acero para herramientas como pieza de trabajo se sit\u00faan en dos niveles de dureza, 196 HB y 241 HB, y esto constituye un l\u00edmite importante. Un acero para herramientas t\u00edpico a 241 HB es aproximadamente 24 HRC, por lo que la tabla general de brocas helicoidales cubre solo el rango blando y ligeramente endurecido, y un acero de troquel a 50 HRC o m\u00e1s queda fuera de ella. M\u00e1s all\u00e1 de ese punto la elecci\u00f3n pasa al acero r\u00e1pido al cobalto, al carburo s\u00f3lido o a un proceso distinto de la perforaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Material perforado<\/th>Dureza, HB<\/th>Dureza, HR<\/th>Material de la herramienta de corte<\/th>Velocidad perif\u00e9rica, m\/min (sfm)<\/th>C\u00f3digo de velocidad de avance<\/th>\u00c1ngulo de h\u00e9lice, grados<\/th>\u00c1ngulo de punta, grados<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Acero para herramientas<\/td>196<\/td>94 HRB<\/td>HSS<\/td>18 (60)<\/td>Y<\/td>25-35<\/td>118<\/td><\/tr>
Acero para herramientas<\/td>241<\/td>24 HRC<\/td>HSS<\/td>15 (50)<\/td>Y<\/td>25-35<\/td>118<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Par\u00e1metros de operaci\u00f3n recomendados para producir agujeros en acero para herramientas con brocas helicoidales, reproducidos de la Tabla 6(a) de Drilling, en ASM Handbook, Volumen 16, Machining. Las dos filas son los dos niveles de dureza a los que se lista el acero para herramientas en la fuente. HSS es acero r\u00e1pido para herramientas. La velocidad de avance viene dada por el c\u00f3digo de la tabla siguiente, y 118 grados es el \u00e1ngulo de punta incluido.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f3digo de avance<\/th>Velocidad de avance, mm\/rev (in.\/rev), a un di\u00e1metro de broca de:<\/th><\/tr>
3.2 mm (1\/8 in.)<\/th>6.4 mm (1\/4 in.)<\/th>12.7 mm (1\/2 in.)<\/th>19.1 mm (3\/4 in.)<\/th>25.4 mm (1 in.)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Y<\/td>0.08 (0.003)<\/td>0.13 (0.005)<\/td>0.20 (0.008)<\/td>0.267 (0.0105)<\/td>0.317 (0.0125)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Velocidad de avance para las filas de acero para herramientas, reproducida de la Tabla 6(b) de Drilling, en ASM Handbook, Volumen 16, Machining. El avance se da por revoluci\u00f3n para una broca de dos filos y aumenta con el di\u00e1metro. Donde la rigidez es baja o el fluido de corte es limitado, la fuente aconseja velocidades y avances menores que estos.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

El escal\u00f3n de dureza a 50 HRC en el acero de troquel H11<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

El ejemplo publicado m\u00e1s claro es sobre el acero de troquel para trabajo en caliente H11. Para H11 a 50 HRC o menos, las brocas de acero r\u00e1pido para herramientas M33, M34 y M36 de construcci\u00f3n para servicio pesado dan buenos resultados. Se operan en equipos de accionamiento positivo a velocidades de broca de 7.6 a 9.1 m\/min (25 a 30 sfm) y avances de 0.013 a 0.018 mm\/rev (0.0005 a 0.0007 in.\/rev).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El material m\u00e1s duro que 50 HRC requiri\u00f3 brocas de carburo s\u00f3lido con canales cortos en el mismo trabajo. Velocidades de 12 a 15 m\/min (40 a 50 sfm) y avances de 0.013 a 0.025 mm\/rev (0.0005 a 0.001 in.\/rev) produjeron resultados satisfactorios. El dise\u00f1o de la broca tambi\u00e9n se divide a un di\u00e1metro de aproximadamente 6.4 mm (1\/4 in.). Las brocas helicoidales de dos canales se usan para agujeros por debajo de ese tama\u00f1o, y las brocas de canal recto para agujeros de ese tama\u00f1o y superiores.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Elecci\u00f3n de un grado de carburo para una chapa de 54 HRC<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

El grado de carburo importa tanto como la velocidad a esta dureza. Se probaron tres grados juntos en chapa de acero H11 que conten\u00eda 5 por ciento de cromo y 1.5 por ciento de molibdeno, tratada t\u00e9rmicamente a 54 HRC. Se perforaron dos chapas de 2.10 mm (0.083 in.) de espesor a la vez con brocas de punta de carburo de 6.35 mm (0.250 in.) de di\u00e1metro, sin fluido de corte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El grado m\u00e1s blando con 6 por ciento de cobalto fall\u00f3 por abrasi\u00f3n, quemado excesivo y desportillado, y al final se rompi\u00f3. El grado m\u00e1s duro, que conten\u00eda solo 3 por ciento de cobalto, era demasiado fr\u00e1gil y fall\u00f3 por desportillado y rotura excesivos durante la perforaci\u00f3n, y tambi\u00e9n se desportill\u00f3 y rompi\u00f3 en la manipulaci\u00f3n. El grado que funcion\u00f3 fue el m\u00e1s duro de los dos grados con 6 por ciento de cobalto, que mostr\u00f3 solo desgaste leve tras la prueba y se llev\u00f3 a producci\u00f3n. Su dureza proven\u00eda de un tama\u00f1o de grano m\u00e1s fino, que redujo el tama\u00f1o de los lagos de cobalto m\u00e1s blando entre los granos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Grado<\/th>Composici\u00f3n, %<\/th>Dureza, HRA<\/th>Tama\u00f1o de grano, μm (μin.)<\/th><\/tr>
W<\/th>Ta<\/th>C<\/th>Co<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
C-1<\/td>88.25<\/td>. . .<\/td>5.75<\/td>6.0<\/td>91.2<\/td>3 (120)<\/td><\/tr>
C-2<\/td>88.25<\/td>. . .<\/td>5.75<\/td>6.0<\/td>91.8<\/td>1-2 (40-80)<\/td><\/tr>
C-3<\/td>87.00<\/td>4.0<\/td>6.00<\/td>3.0<\/td>92.2<\/td>1-3 (40-120)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Composici\u00f3n, dureza y tama\u00f1o de grano de los tres grados de carburo probados en la perforaci\u00f3n de chapa de acero H11 a 54 HRC, reproducidos del ejemplo de perforaci\u00f3n en Drilling, en ASM Handbook, Volumen 16, Machining. C-1 y C-2 llevan el mismo 6 por ciento de cobalto y los mismos niveles de tungsteno y carbono, y C-2 es el m\u00e1s duro de los dos porque su tama\u00f1o de grano m\u00e1s fino deja lagos de cobalto m\u00e1s peque\u00f1os entre los granos.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La lecci\u00f3n se extiende a toda la gama. A alta dureza, el contenido de aglutinante m\u00e1s resistente no es la respuesta, y el mejor grado suele ser el de grano m\u00e1s fino dentro de un nivel de cobalto dado, m\u00e1s que el que tiene menos cobalto o el n\u00famero de dureza m\u00e1s alto.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Brocas de acero r\u00e1pido nitruradas<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Para el rango ligeramente endurecido, un tratamiento superficial puede llevar una broca de acero r\u00e1pido ordinaria m\u00e1s lejos que un cambio de grado. Se perforaron agujeros ciegos de 6.91 mm (0.272 in.) de di\u00e1metro y 15.75 mm (0.620 in.) de profundidad en acero 4335 endurecido a 48 a 50 HRC. Tal como se rectificaron, las brocas dieron de uno a cuatro agujeros por afilado con una tasa de rotura de una broca por cada 16 a 20 agujeros. Despu\u00e9s de la nitruraci\u00f3n, las mismas brocas dieron de 18 a 20 agujeros por afilado y la rotura cay\u00f3 a una broca por cada 50 a 60 agujeros.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Las brocas eran brocas est\u00e1ndar para servicio pesado rectificadas de acero r\u00e1pido tratado t\u00e9rmicamente macizo, cada una con punta dividida a un \u00e1ngulo de ataque axial positivo de 3 a 4 grados en la porci\u00f3n dividida, un \u00e1ngulo de punta incluido de 135 grados, un \u00e1ngulo de incidencia de filo de 5 a 7 grados, y rectificadas planas 0.8 mm (1\/32 in.). La perforaci\u00f3n se realiz\u00f3 a 147 rev\/min, una velocidad superficial de 3.20 m\/min (10.5 sfm), y un avance de 0.05 mm\/rev (0.002 in.\/rev).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

Perforaci\u00f3n de acero para herramientas endurecido, PDF imprimible<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Los par\u00e1metros de broca helicoidal para acero para herramientas, el escal\u00f3n de dureza en H11, la selecci\u00f3n de grado de carburo y los datos de broca nitrurada, en un PDF con nuestros datos de contacto.<\/p>\n\n

\n
Descargar PDF<\/a><\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Grados y existencias<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

H11 es el grado sobre el que se establecen los ejemplos de perforaci\u00f3n en endurecido, y su composici\u00f3n y dureza de trabajo est\u00e1n en la p\u00e1gina del acero para herramientas H11<\/a>. El grado de trabajo en caliente al cromo usado en la mayor\u00eda de los trabajos de matrices y moldes se cubre en la p\u00e1gina de maquinabilidad del acero para herramientas H13<\/a>, que separa el caso recocido del endurecido.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La perforaci\u00f3n es un corte dentro de una secuencia m\u00e1s larga, y las velocidades de torneado, fresado y escariado para los mismos grados se recopilan en la p\u00e1gina de velocidades y avances de corte del acero para herramientas<\/a>. La tabla de brocas m\u00e1s amplia, en revoluciones por minuto y avance por revoluci\u00f3n seg\u00fan el di\u00e1metro, est\u00e1 en la tabla de velocidades y avances de brocas de acero r\u00e1pido<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La nitruraci\u00f3n de la broca es el mismo tratamiento superficial que se usa en los utillajes, y el proceso y la capa que deja se exponen en la gu\u00eda de nitruraci\u00f3n de acero para herramientas<\/a>. En un agujero que se termina por EDM en lugar de con broca, la capa blanca que queda en la pared se describe en la p\u00e1gina de capa blanca de acero para herramientas por EDM<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

Perforaci\u00f3n de acero para herramientas endurecido, PDF imprimible<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Los par\u00e1metros de broca helicoidal para acero para herramientas, el escal\u00f3n de dureza en H11, la selecci\u00f3n de grado de carburo y los datos de broca nitrurada, en un PDF con nuestros datos de contacto.<\/p>\n\n

\n
Descargar PDF<\/a><\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Antes de usar estos valores<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Esta p\u00e1gina es un resumen de referencia de la pr\u00e1ctica publicada y no es una especificaci\u00f3n de Aobo Steel. Las velocidades se reproducen de las tablas de origen, y el dise\u00f1o de la broca, la rigidez de la m\u00e1quina, la profundidad del agujero y el suministro de fluido de corte las modificar\u00e1n. Las condiciones finales se prueban en el trabajo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fuente: ASM Handbook, Volumen 16, Machining, ASM International, 1989.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Drilling Hardened Tool Steel A hole is the cheapest feature to put in a tool steel part while the steel is still soft, and the most expensive one to put in after hardening. Where a hardened die or insert has to be drilled, the tool material and the cutting speed change with hardness, and the […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"normal-width-container","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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Hardened Tool Steel A hole is the cheapest feature to put in a tool steel part while the steel is still soft, and the most expensive one to put in after hardening. Where a hardened die or insert has to be drilled, the tool material and the cutting speed change with hardness, and the…","rttpg_featured_image_url":null,"rttpg_author":{"display_name":"Evan","author_link":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/es\/blog\/author\/admin\/"},"rttpg_comment":0,"rttpg_category":null,"rttpg_excerpt":"Drilling Hardened Tool Steel A hole is the cheapest feature to put in a tool steel part while the steel is still soft, and the most expensive one to put in after hardening. 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