{"id":21033,"date":"2026-10-06T20:23:46","date_gmt":"2026-10-06T12:23:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/?page_id=21033"},"modified":"2026-10-16T16:16:15","modified_gmt":"2026-10-16T08:16:15","slug":"ion-implantation-tool-steel","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/es\/ion-implantation-tool-steel\/","title":{"rendered":"Implantaci\u00f3n i\u00f3nica para matrices y herramientas de corte de acero para herramientas"},"content":{"rendered":"

Implantaci\u00f3n i\u00f3nica para matrices y herramientas de corte de acero para herramientas<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

La implantaci\u00f3n i\u00f3nica introduce nitr\u00f3geno en la capa m\u00e1s externa de una herramienta terminada sin aplicar un recubrimiento sobre ella. Los iones cargados se aceleran a alta energ\u00eda dentro del acero en alto vac\u00edo y se detienen entre 0,25 y 25 nm (2,5 a 250 Å) por debajo de la superficie, por lo que el tratamiento cambia la composici\u00f3n de la propia superficie. No se a\u00f1ade nada sobre la herramienta, lo que significa que no hay recubrimiento que se desprenda ni acumulaci\u00f3n en el filo que haya que compensar. La tabla de esta p\u00e1gina muestra el cambio de vida medido para herramientas, matrices, moldes y rodillos implantados, pieza por pieza y energ\u00eda por energ\u00eda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qu\u00e9 le hace el proceso al acero<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Se forma un haz de iones cargados del elemento elegido y se acelera hacia la superficie de la herramienta, que se mantiene en alto vac\u00edo. Los iones penetran en el s\u00f3lido y se detienen dentro de los primeros nan\u00f3metros. La fuente es expl\u00edcita en que este no es un proceso de recubrimiento. No hay una capa discreta sobre el acero, solo una alteraci\u00f3n de la composici\u00f3n qu\u00edmica cerca de la superficie, por lo que el tratamiento no cambia las dimensiones de la herramienta ni crea una interfaz que pueda fallar. El elemento que m\u00e1s se implanta en el acero para herramientas es el nitr\u00f3geno, y la propiedad que se busca mejorar es el desgaste adhesivo y por deslizamiento. Tambi\u00e9n se han implantado titanio y carbono en herramientas de estampado y de corte, y ambos mejoraron la vida \u00fatil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Resultados de vida de herramienta para utillaje implantado<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

La Tabla 6 re\u00fane los resultados de la fuente en mecanizado, roscado, corte, conformado, moldeo y laminaci\u00f3n. El mayor multiplicador de la tabla corresponde a un macho de roscar. Un macho de roscar HSS que cortaba acero 4140 multiplic\u00f3 por 10 la vida del macho sin tratar cuando se implant\u00f3 nitr\u00f3geno a 50 keV, y el mismo acero de macho multiplic\u00f3 por 3 a 80 keV sobre la misma pieza. Las matrices y los moldes se sit\u00faan en la parte media del intervalo, con una matriz de conformado D2 sobre acero inoxidable 321 con 2 veces la vida, una matriz D6 que conforma di\u00f3xido de titanio y caucho con 6 veces, y un molde D2 que moldea pol\u00edmeros con 5 veces. Un rodillo H13 en servicio de laminaci\u00f3n multiplic\u00f3 por 5 su vida original.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parte<\/th>Material de la pieza<\/th>Proceso<\/th>Material de trabajo<\/th>Ion<\/th>Energ\u00eda, keV<\/th>Beneficio<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Insertos de herramienta<\/td>Acero para herramientas con recubrimiento de TiN<\/td>Machining<\/td>4140<\/td>N<\/td>80<\/td>3× la vida<\/td><\/tr>
Machos de roscar<\/td>HSS<\/td>Roscado<\/td>4140<\/td>N<\/td>80<\/td>3× la vida<\/td><\/tr>
HSS<\/td>Roscado<\/td>4130<\/td>N<\/td>80<\/td>5× la vida<\/td><\/tr>
HSS<\/td>Roscado<\/td>4140<\/td>N<\/td>50<\/td>10× la vida<\/td><\/tr>
M35<\/td>Roscado<\/td>. . .<\/td>N2<\/sub><\/td>200<\/td>4× la vida<\/td><\/tr>
M7<\/td>Roscado<\/td>. . .<\/td>N<\/td>100<\/td>2× la vida<\/td><\/tr>
Cuchilla de corte<\/td>M2<\/td>Corte<\/td>1050<\/td>N<\/td>100<\/td>2× la vida<\/td><\/tr>
M2<\/td>Corte<\/td>SAE 950<\/td>N<\/td>100<\/td>4× la vida<\/td><\/tr>
Matrices<\/td>D2<\/td>Conformado<\/td>321 SS<\/td>N<\/td>80<\/td>2× la vida<\/td><\/tr>
M2<\/td>Conformado<\/td>Acero<\/td>N<\/td>100<\/td>2-12× la vida<\/td><\/tr>
M2<\/td>Conformado<\/td>1020<\/td>N<\/td>100<\/td>Efecto despreciable<\/td><\/tr>
D6<\/td>Conformado<\/td>TiO2<\/sub> y caucho<\/td>N<\/td>100<\/td>6× la vida<\/td><\/tr>
Moldes<\/td>D2<\/td>Conformado<\/td>Pol\u00edmeros<\/td>N<\/td>50<\/td>5× la vida<\/td><\/tr>
Rodillos<\/td>H13<\/td>Laminaci\u00f3n<\/td>Acero<\/td>N<\/td>100<\/td>5× la vida<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fuente, Tabla 6 de Surface Engineering of Specialty Steels, en ASM Handbook Volume 5, Surface Engineering.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La fila sin ganancia<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Una fila de la Tabla 6 reporta un efecto despreciable, una matriz M2 que conforma acero 1020 a 100 keV. El contraste dentro de la misma tabla es \u00fatil. El mismo acero de matriz M2 conformando una pieza diferente a la misma energ\u00eda, y en un caso con una dispersi\u00f3n de 2 a 12 veces la vida, muestra que el resultado sigue al mecanismo de desgaste en la superficie de la herramienta y no solo al acero para herramientas. La implantaci\u00f3n est\u00e1 dirigida al desgaste adhesivo y por deslizamiento. Una matriz que falla por desportillado, agrietamiento o fatiga t\u00e9rmica falla por una raz\u00f3n diferente, y una capa superficial implantada no responde a esa falla.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qu\u00e9 asumen los n\u00fameros<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Cada fila proviene de un laboratorio o taller de producci\u00f3n diferente con su propia geometr\u00eda de herramienta, acabado superficial, m\u00e1quina y datos de corte, por lo que los multiplicadores no son aditivos ni constituyen una clasificaci\u00f3n de los aceros para herramientas entre s\u00ed. Del mecanismo se derivan dos puntos pr\u00e1cticos. El proceso es una operaci\u00f3n de vac\u00edo en l\u00ednea de visi\u00f3n, por lo que las caras que se desgastan son las caras que deben exponerse al haz de iones. El efecto tambi\u00e9n reside en los nan\u00f3metros m\u00e1s externos, por lo que el rectificado o pulido posterior al tratamiento elimina la capa implantada junto con el metal. Eso sit\u00faa el tratamiento al final de la ruta de la herramienta, sobre la geometr\u00eda terminada.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fuente: ASM Handbook, Volume 5, Surface Engineering, ASM International, 1994.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ion Implantation for Tool Steel Dies and Cutting Tools Ion implantation puts nitrogen into the outermost layer of a finished tool without putting a coating on it. Charged ions are accelerated at high energy into the steel under high vacuum and come to rest 0.25 to 25 nm (2.5 to 250 Å) below the surface, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"normal-width-container","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-21033","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nIon Implantation for Tool Steel Dies and Cutting Tools, Life Data<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Nitrogen implanted into finished tools and dies. 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Charged ions are accelerated at high energy into the steel under high vacuum and come to rest 0.25 to 25 nm (2.5 to 250 Å) below the surface,…","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/21033","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21033"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/21033\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":23203,"href":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/21033\/revisions\/23203"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21033"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}