{"id":20826,"date":"2026-10-03T16:45:04","date_gmt":"2026-10-03T08:45:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/?page_id=20826"},"modified":"2026-10-16T16:07:21","modified_gmt":"2026-10-16T08:07:21","slug":"l-series-s-series-tool-steel-properties","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/es\/l-series-s-series-tool-steel-properties\/","title":{"rendered":"Propiedades de los aceros para herramientas de las series L y S, recocidos y templados"},"content":{"rendered":"

Propiedades de los aceros para herramientas de las series L y S, recocidos y templados<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

Las series L y S son los dos grupos de aceros para herramientas que se compran por resistencia y resistencia al impacto m\u00e1s que por resistencia al desgaste o dureza en caliente. L es el grupo de prop\u00f3sito especial de baja aleaci\u00f3n, y S es el grupo de resistencia al impacto, y ambos se utilizan para piezas que reciben un golpe en lugar de una fricci\u00f3n: cinceles, punzones, juegos de remaches, cuchillas de cizalla, mandriles, levas, platos y pinzas. Esta p\u00e1gina contiene las propiedades mec\u00e1nicas publicadas para los grados que a\u00fan est\u00e1n en uso comercial, en condici\u00f3n recocida y a cada temperatura de revenido, de modo que la resistencia y la tenacidad a la dureza que requiere el trabajo se pueden leer juntas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Grupo L, los aceros de prop\u00f3sito especial de baja aleaci\u00f3n<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Los aceros del grupo L contienen peque\u00f1as cantidades de cromo, vanadio, n\u00edquel y molibdeno, y el grupo alguna vez tuvo siete grados. Solo quedan dos, L2 y L6<\/a>. L2 est\u00e1 disponible en varios contenidos de carbono de 0,50 a 1,10 por ciento y su cromo y vanadio lo convierten en un acero de temple en aceite de tama\u00f1o de grano fino. L6 a\u00f1ade aproximadamente 1,50 por ciento de n\u00edquel para tenacidad. Ambos son de temple en aceite en teor\u00eda, y en la pr\u00e1ctica una secci\u00f3n grande de L2 a menudo se templa en agua en su lugar. El rango de templabilidad dentro del grupo es amplio y es un efecto del carbono tanto como de la aleaci\u00f3n: un L2 con 0,50 por ciento de carbono alcanza aproximadamente 57 HRC templado en aceite pero no endurece a trav\u00e9s de secciones superiores a aproximadamente 12,7 mm, mientras que L6 con 0,70 por ciento de carbono alcanza aproximadamente 64 HRC templado y mantiene m\u00e1s de 60 HRC a trav\u00e9s de 76 mm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tabla 7. L2, propiedades mec\u00e1nicas nominales a temperatura ambiente<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Condici\u00f3n<\/th>Tracci\u00f3n, MPa<\/th>Tracci\u00f3n, ksi<\/th>L\u00edmite el\u00e1stico al 0.2%, MPa<\/th>L\u00edmite el\u00e1stico al 0.2%, ksi<\/th>Alargamiento, %<\/th>Reducci\u00f3n de \u00e1rea, %<\/th>Dureza<\/th>Impacto, J<\/th>Impacto, ft·lbf<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Templado en aceite desde 855 °C (1575 °F) y un solo revenido a:<\/td><\/tr>
Recocido<\/td>710<\/td>103<\/td>510<\/td>74<\/td>25<\/td>50<\/td>96 HRB<\/td>—<\/td>—<\/td><\/tr>
205 °C (400 °F)<\/td>2000<\/td>290<\/td>1790<\/td>260<\/td>5<\/td>15<\/td>54<\/td>28<\/td>21<\/td><\/tr>
315 °C (600 °F)<\/td>1790<\/td>260<\/td>1655<\/td>240<\/td>10<\/td>30<\/td>52<\/td>19<\/td>14<\/td><\/tr>
425 °C (800 °F)<\/td>1550<\/td>225<\/td>1380<\/td>200<\/td>12<\/td>35<\/td>47<\/td>26<\/td>19<\/td><\/tr>
540 °C (1000 °F)<\/td>1275<\/td>185<\/td>1170<\/td>170<\/td>15<\/td>45<\/td>41<\/td>39<\/td>29<\/td><\/tr>
650 °C (1200 °F)<\/td>930<\/td>135<\/td>760<\/td>110<\/td>25<\/td>55<\/td>30<\/td>125<\/td>92<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tabla 7. L6, propiedades mec\u00e1nicas nominales a temperatura ambiente<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Condici\u00f3n<\/th>Tracci\u00f3n, MPa<\/th>Tracci\u00f3n, ksi<\/th>L\u00edmite el\u00e1stico al 0.2%, MPa<\/th>L\u00edmite el\u00e1stico al 0.2%, ksi<\/th>Alargamiento, %<\/th>Reducci\u00f3n de \u00e1rea, %<\/th>Dureza<\/th>Impacto, J<\/th>Impacto, ft·lbf<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Templado en aceite desde 845 °C (1550 °F) y un solo revenido a:<\/td><\/tr>
Recocido<\/td>655<\/td>95<\/td>380<\/td>55<\/td>25<\/td>55<\/td>93 HRB<\/td>—<\/td>—<\/td><\/tr>
315 °C (600 °F)<\/td>2000<\/td>290<\/td>1790<\/td>260<\/td>4<\/td>9<\/td>54<\/td>12<\/td>9<\/td><\/tr>
425 °C (800 °F)<\/td>1585<\/td>230<\/td>1380<\/td>200<\/td>8<\/td>20<\/td>46<\/td>18<\/td>13<\/td><\/tr>
540 °C (1000 °F)<\/td>1345<\/td>195<\/td>1100<\/td>160<\/td>12<\/td>30<\/td>42<\/td>23<\/td>17<\/td><\/tr>
650 °C (1200 °F)<\/td>965<\/td>140<\/td>830<\/td>120<\/td>20<\/td>48<\/td>32<\/td>81<\/td>60<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fuente, ASM Handbook Vol.1, art\u00edculo Wrought Tool Steels, Tabla 7. Las filas recocidas corresponden a la condici\u00f3n de suministro. Notas al pie de la fuente, (a) alargamiento medido en una longitud calibrada de 50 mm (2 in.), (b) Charpy con entalla en V, (c) Charpy sin entalla. Los grados L se cotizan con el ensayo con entalla y los grados S con el ensayo sin entalla, por lo que las columnas de impacto de los dos grupos no son comparables entre s\u00ed. Un guion significa que la fuente no indica ning\u00fan valor.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Grupo S, los aceros resistentes al impacto<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Los aceros del grupo S son los que se especifican cuando la herramienta debe absorber impacto. Var\u00edan desde temple superficial, S2, hasta temple profundo, S7, y la templabilidad aqu\u00ed est\u00e1 controlada por la composici\u00f3n m\u00e1s que por los efectos del tama\u00f1o de grano y la pr\u00e1ctica de fusi\u00f3n que dominan el grupo W. El grupo necesita temperaturas de austenizaci\u00f3n relativamente altas para alcanzar su dureza \u00f3ptima, y debido a eso el carburo no disuelto no es el control de templabilidad que es en otros grupos. S2 normalmente se templa en agua, S1, S5 y S6 se templan en aceite, y S7 normalmente se enfr\u00eda al aire excepto en secciones grandes, que se templan en aceite.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Las propiedades mec\u00e1nicas de los tres grados en esta tabla son la raz\u00f3n por la que el grupo S a veces se considera para trabajos que no son de herramientas. A 205 °C (400 °F) de revenido, S5 alcanza 2345 MPa (340 ksi) de tracci\u00f3n con 206 J de energ\u00eda de impacto sin entalla, y S7 alcanza 358 J al revenido de 650 °C (1200 °F) mientras a\u00fan mantiene 1240 MPa (180 ksi). La resistencia y la tenacidad se mueven juntas a trav\u00e9s del rango de revenido de una manera que es inusual en un acero para herramientas, y las filas de 650 °C son donde eso se muestra m\u00e1s claramente: la dureza cae en los treinta altos y la energ\u00eda de impacto aumenta aproximadamente un orden de magnitud.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tabla 7. S1, propiedades mec\u00e1nicas nominales a temperatura ambiente<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Condici\u00f3n<\/th>Tracci\u00f3n, MPa<\/th>Tracci\u00f3n, ksi<\/th>L\u00edmite el\u00e1stico al 0.2%, MPa<\/th>L\u00edmite el\u00e1stico al 0.2%, ksi<\/th>Alargamiento, %<\/th>Reducci\u00f3n de \u00e1rea, %<\/th>Dureza<\/th>Impacto, J<\/th>Impacto, ft·lbf<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Templado en aceite desde 925 °C (1700 °F) y un solo revenido a:<\/td><\/tr>
Recocido<\/td>690<\/td>100<\/td>415<\/td>60<\/td>24<\/td>52<\/td>96 HRB<\/td>—<\/td>—<\/td><\/tr>
205 °C (400 °F)<\/td>2070<\/td>300<\/td>1895<\/td>275<\/td>—<\/td>—<\/td>57.5<\/td>249<\/td>184<\/td><\/tr>
315 °C (600 °F)<\/td>2025<\/td>294<\/td>1860<\/td>270<\/td>4<\/td>12<\/td>54<\/td>233<\/td>172<\/td><\/tr>
425 °C (800 °F)<\/td>1790<\/td>260<\/td>1690<\/td>245<\/td>5<\/td>17<\/td>50.5<\/td>203<\/td>150<\/td><\/tr>
540 °C (1000 °F)<\/td>1680<\/td>244<\/td>1525<\/td>221<\/td>9<\/td>23<\/td>47.5<\/td>230<\/td>170<\/td><\/tr>
650 °C (1200 °F)<\/td>1345<\/td>195<\/td>1240<\/td>180<\/td>12<\/td>37<\/td>42<\/td>—<\/td>—<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tabla 7. S5, propiedades mec\u00e1nicas nominales a temperatura ambiente<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Condici\u00f3n<\/th>Tracci\u00f3n, MPa<\/th>Tracci\u00f3n, ksi<\/th>L\u00edmite el\u00e1stico al 0.2%, MPa<\/th>L\u00edmite el\u00e1stico al 0.2%, ksi<\/th>Alargamiento, %<\/th>Reducci\u00f3n de \u00e1rea, %<\/th>Dureza<\/th>Impacto, J<\/th>Impacto, ft·lbf<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Templado en aceite desde 870 °C (1600 °F) y un solo revenido a:<\/td><\/tr>
Recocido<\/td>725<\/td>105<\/td>440<\/td>64<\/td>25<\/td>50<\/td>96 HRB<\/td>—<\/td>—<\/td><\/tr>
205 °C (400 °F)<\/td>2345<\/td>340<\/td>1930<\/td>280<\/td>5<\/td>20<\/td>59<\/td>206<\/td>152<\/td><\/tr>
315 °C (600 °F)<\/td>2240<\/td>325<\/td>1860<\/td>270<\/td>7<\/td>24<\/td>58<\/td>232<\/td>171<\/td><\/tr>
425 °C (800 °F)<\/td>1895<\/td>275<\/td>1690<\/td>245<\/td>9<\/td>28<\/td>52<\/td>243<\/td>179<\/td><\/tr>
540 °C (1000 °F)<\/td>1515<\/td>220<\/td>1380<\/td>200<\/td>10<\/td>30<\/td>48<\/td>188<\/td>139<\/td><\/tr>
650 °C (1200 °F)<\/td>1035<\/td>150<\/td>1170<\/td>170<\/td>15<\/td>40<\/td>37<\/td>—<\/td>—<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tabla 7. S7, propiedades mec\u00e1nicas nominales a temperatura ambiente<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Condici\u00f3n<\/th>Tracci\u00f3n, MPa<\/th>Tracci\u00f3n, ksi<\/th>L\u00edmite el\u00e1stico al 0.2%, MPa<\/th>L\u00edmite el\u00e1stico al 0.2%, ksi<\/th>Alargamiento, %<\/th>Reducci\u00f3n de \u00e1rea, %<\/th>Dureza<\/th>Impacto, J<\/th>Impacto, ft·lbf<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Enfriado con ventilador desde 940 °C (1725 °F) y un solo revenido a:<\/td><\/tr>
Recocido<\/td>640<\/td>93<\/td>380<\/td>55<\/td>25<\/td>55<\/td>95 HRB<\/td>—<\/td>—<\/td><\/tr>
205 °C (400 °F)<\/td>2170<\/td>315<\/td>1450<\/td>210<\/td>7<\/td>20<\/td>58<\/td>244<\/td>180<\/td><\/tr>
315 °C (600 °F)<\/td>1965<\/td>285<\/td>1585<\/td>230<\/td>9<\/td>25<\/td>55<\/td>309<\/td>228<\/td><\/tr>
425 °C (800 °F)<\/td>1895<\/td>275<\/td>1410<\/td>205<\/td>10<\/td>29<\/td>53<\/td>243<\/td>179<\/td><\/tr>
540 °C (1000 °F)<\/td>1820<\/td>264<\/td>1380<\/td>200<\/td>10<\/td>33<\/td>51<\/td>324<\/td>239<\/td><\/tr>
650 °C (1200 °F)<\/td>1240<\/td>180<\/td>1035<\/td>150<\/td>14<\/td>45<\/td>39<\/td>358<\/td>264<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fuente, ASM Handbook Vol.1, art\u00edculo Wrought Tool Steels, Tabla 7. Las filas recocidas corresponden a la condici\u00f3n de suministro. Notas al pie de la fuente, (a) alargamiento medido en una longitud calibrada de 50 mm (2 in.), (b) Charpy con entalla en V, (c) Charpy sin entalla. Los grados L se cotizan con el ensayo con entalla y los grados S con el ensayo sin entalla, por lo que las columnas de impacto de los dos grupos no son comparables entre s\u00ed. Un guion significa que la fuente no indica ning\u00fan valor.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lectura conjunta de las dos tablas<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Tres advertencias acompa\u00f1an a estos n\u00fameros. La primera es la ya se\u00f1alada en la nota al pie de la fuente, que los grados L se citan en una prueba Charpy V-notch y los grados S en una prueba sin entalla, por lo que una cifra de impacto de una tabla no se puede comparar con una cifra de la otra. La segunda es que cada valor es un valor nominal a temperatura ambiente de una sola fuente, y la resistencia y el alargamiento var\u00edan con el tama\u00f1o de la secci\u00f3n, con la temperatura de austenizaci\u00f3n real y con el n\u00famero de revenidos, ninguno de los cuales var\u00eda la tabla. La tercera es que las cifras de dureza en las filas recocidas est\u00e1n en la escala Rockwell B y las filas endurecidas en Rockwell C, por lo que la dureza recocida es un indicador de maquinabilidad m\u00e1s que una dureza de trabajo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La conversi\u00f3n entre las escalas, y la raz\u00f3n por la que una condici\u00f3n recocida de 96 HRB y una condici\u00f3n de trabajo de 54 HRC no se pueden comparar directamente, est\u00e1 en la Conversi\u00f3n de Vickers a Rockwell C<\/a> p\u00e1gina. Las propiedades del grupo W y del grupo O est\u00e1n en la tabla de propiedades del acero para herramientas<\/a>, la dureza que cada uno de estos grados mantiene a temperatura est\u00e1 en la tabla de dureza en caliente del acero para herramientas<\/a>, y la energ\u00eda de impacto de las familias en su conjunto est\u00e1 en la Tabla de tenacidad al impacto del acero para herramientas<\/a>. Aobo Steel suministra L6 y S7 como barra forjada y laminada en caliente, y la dureza recocida en el certificado de f\u00e1brica sigue la misma tabla.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fuente: ASM Handbook, Vol 1, Properties and Selection: Irons, Steels and High-Performance Alloys.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

L Series and S Series Tool Steel Properties, Annealed and Hardened The L series and the S series are the two tool steel groups that are bought for strength and shock resistance rather than for wear resistance or hot hardness. L is the low alloy special purpose group, and S is the shock resisting group, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"normal-width-container","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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