{"id":20567,"date":"2026-10-02T13:04:48","date_gmt":"2026-10-02T05:04:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/?page_id=20567"},"modified":"2026-10-16T00:53:39","modified_gmt":"2026-10-15T16:53:39","slug":"chinese-alloy-tool-steel-hardness","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/es\/chinese-alloy-tool-steel-hardness\/","title":{"rendered":"Grados de acero de herramienta aleado chino: temperatura de temple y dureza"},"content":{"rendered":"

Grados de acero de herramienta aleado chino: temperatura de temple y dureza<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

Tres n\u00fameros deciden c\u00f3mo se templa un acero de herramienta aleado chino. La temperatura a la que se mantiene la herramienta antes de enfriarla, el medio en el que se templa y la dureza m\u00ednima que se espera que alcance el grado. La tabla siguiente re\u00fane esos tres n\u00fameros para los grados de acero de herramienta aleado que aparecen con m\u00e1s frecuencia en planos GB y en pedidos de talleres de herramientas, matrices y moldes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qu\u00e9 registran las tres columnas<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

La temperatura de temple es la temperatura de austenizaci\u00f3n. La herramienta se mantiene a esa temperatura hasta que los elementos de aleaci\u00f3n pasan a soluci\u00f3n, y luego se enfr\u00eda con la rapidez suficiente para evitar los productos de transformaci\u00f3n blandos. Se da un rango en lugar de una cifra \u00fanica porque el punto correcto dentro de \u00e9l depende del tama\u00f1o de secci\u00f3n de la herramienta, del horno y de si el grado se trata para m\u00e1xima resistencia al desgaste o para tenacidad.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El medio de enfriamiento es el medio de temple con el que se ensay\u00f3 el grado. El agua extrae calor m\u00e1s r\u00e1pido que el aceite y se usa en los aceros de herramienta al carbono y de baja aleaci\u00f3n de temple superficial, donde un temple lento dejar\u00eda blando el n\u00facleo. El aceite es m\u00e1s lento y es el medio normal para los grados aleados, porque un temple en agua sobre una secci\u00f3n totalmente endurecida de estos aceros agrietar\u00e1 la herramienta. Cuando un grado admite dos temperaturas de temple, el par es un ciclo de dos etapas y se muestran ambas etapas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La columna de dureza es el valor m\u00ednimo Rockwell C que alcanz\u00f3 la probeta templada. El signo de m\u00ednimo importa. Es un piso que se espera que el grado supere despu\u00e9s del temple, no un objetivo a alcanzar, y no dice nada sobre la dureza que queda despu\u00e9s del revenido, que la fija la temperatura de revenido posterior.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Grados y ciclos de temple<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

La tabla va desde los grados de trabajo en fr\u00edo de baja aleaci\u00f3n en la parte superior hasta los grados de trabajo en caliente y especiales en la parte inferior, en el orden en que los imprime la fuente. Un guion en la columna de temperatura o de medio significa que la fuente no publica un ciclo de temple para ese grado en esta tabla, ya sea porque el grado se suministra normalmente preendurecido o porque su dureza se desarrolla por una v\u00eda distinta de un temple directo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Temperatura de temple, medio de enfriamiento y dureza m\u00ednima<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Grado<\/th>Temperatura de temple
°C<\/th>		Medio de enfriamiento<\/th>dureza Rockwell
HRC, m\u00ednimo<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
9SiCr<\/td>820-860<\/td>Aceite<\/td>62<\/td><\/tr>
8MnSi<\/td>800-820<\/td>Aceite<\/td>60<\/td><\/tr>
Cr06<\/td>780-810<\/td>Agua<\/td>64<\/td><\/tr>
Cr2<\/td>830-860<\/td>Aceite<\/td>62<\/td><\/tr>
9Cr2<\/td>820-850<\/td>Aceite<\/td>62<\/td><\/tr>
4CrW2Si<\/td>860-900<\/td>Aceite<\/td>53<\/td><\/tr>
5CrW2Si<\/td>860-900<\/td>Aceite<\/td>55<\/td><\/tr>
6CrW2Si<\/td>860-900<\/td>Aceite<\/td>57<\/td><\/tr>
Cr12<\/td>950-1000<\/td>Aceite<\/td>60<\/td><\/tr>
Cr12Mo1V1<\/td>—<\/td>—<\/td>59<\/td><\/tr>
Cr12MoV<\/td>950-1000<\/td>Aceite<\/td>58<\/td><\/tr>
Cr5Mo1V<\/td>—<\/td>—<\/td>60<\/td><\/tr>
9Mn2V<\/td>780-810<\/td>Aceite<\/td>62<\/td><\/tr>
CrWMn<\/td>800-830<\/td>Aceite<\/td>62<\/td><\/tr>
9CrWMn<\/td>800-830<\/td>Aceite<\/td>60<\/td><\/tr>
CrW2MoV<\/td>960-980, 1020-1040<\/td>Aceite<\/td>60<\/td><\/tr>
6Cr4W3Mo2VNb<\/td>1100-1600<\/td>Aceite<\/td>60<\/td><\/tr>
6W6Mo5Cr4V<\/td>1180-1160<\/td>Aceite<\/td>60<\/td><\/tr>
5CrMnMo<\/td>820-850<\/td>Aceite<\/td>60<\/td><\/tr>
5CrMiMo<\/td>830-860<\/td>Aceite<\/td>60<\/td><\/tr>
3Cr2W8V<\/td>1075-1125<\/td>Aceite<\/td>60<\/td><\/tr>
5Cr4Mo3SiMnVAl<\/td>1090-1120, 1060-1130<\/td>Aceite<\/td>60<\/td><\/tr>
3Cr3Mo3W2V<\/td>—<\/td>Aceite<\/td>60<\/td><\/tr>
5Cr4W5Mo2V<\/td>1100-150<\/td>Aceite<\/td>60<\/td><\/tr>
8Cr3<\/td>850-880<\/td>Aceite<\/td>60<\/td><\/tr>
4CrMnSiMoV<\/td>870-930<\/td>Aceite<\/td>60<\/td><\/tr>
4Cr3Mo3SiV<\/td>—<\/td>—<\/td>60<\/td><\/tr>
4Cr5MoSiV<\/td>—<\/td>—<\/td>60<\/td><\/tr>
4Cr5MoSiV1<\/td>—<\/td>—<\/td>60<\/td><\/tr>
4Cr5W2VSi<\/td>1030-1050<\/td>Aceite<\/td>60<\/td><\/tr>
7Mn15Cr2Al3V2WMo<\/td>1170-1190, 650-700<\/td>Temple en agua despu\u00e9s del tratamiento de soluci\u00f3n, enfriamiento al aire despu\u00e9s del envejecimiento<\/td>45<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fuente, \u5200\u5177\u6750\u6599\u901f\u67e5\u624b\u518c, Tabla 2-4, Grados de acero de herramienta aleado y dureza, p\u00e1ginas impresas 14 y 15. Cada cifra se ley\u00f3 de una imagen renderizada de la p\u00e1gina impresa y se verific\u00f3 grado por grado. Este es un resumen de referencia de la pr\u00e1ctica publicada y no una especificaci\u00f3n de Aobo Steel.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Notas de la tabla. Cuatro celdas est\u00e1n impresas de forma defectuosa en la fuente y se reproducen arriba exactamente como est\u00e1n impresas. El grado impreso como 5CrMiMo es 5CrNiMo. El l\u00edmite superior impreso para 6Cr4W3Mo2VNb es 1600 °C y el l\u00edmite superior impreso para 5Cr4W5Mo2V es 150 °C, ambos se leen como cifras truncadas o transpuestas; las dos temperaturas para 6W6Mo5Cr4V est\u00e1n impresas en orden descendente como 1180-1160 °C. Los ciclos de temple para estos cuatro grados deben confirmarse con la hoja de datos del propio fabricante del acero antes de usar las cifras.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lectura de la tabla en un taller<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Los cinco grados de la tabla que llevan un guion tanto en la columna de temperatura como en la de medio son los grados de trabajo en fr\u00edo y trabajo en caliente de mayor aleaci\u00f3n. Cr12Mo1V1 y Cr5Mo1V son parientes cercanos de Cr12 y Cr12MoV, y los grados de trabajo en caliente 4Cr3Mo3SiV, 4Cr5MoSiV y 4Cr5MoSiV1 normalmente se piden en condici\u00f3n preendurecida o recocida, con el ciclo de endurecimiento tomado de la hoja de datos del fabricante del acero en lugar de una tabla general. Esa es una diferencia en c\u00f3mo se publican los datos, no una diferencia en si el grado puede endurecerse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La \u00faltima fila es la excepci\u00f3n de la lista. 7Mn15Cr2Al3V2WMo es un acero de herramienta al manganeso austen\u00edtico que se endurece por tratamiento de soluci\u00f3n seguido de envejecimiento, no por un temple martens\u00edtico, y el medio mostrado es un temple en agua despu\u00e9s del tratamiento de soluci\u00f3n seguido de un enfriamiento al aire despu\u00e9s del envejecimiento. Su dureza m\u00ednima de 45 HRC es m\u00e1s baja que la del resto de la tabla por esa raz\u00f3n, y se elige para utillaje no magn\u00e9tico en lugar de para resistencia al desgaste.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Se aplican dos advertencias pr\u00e1cticas a cada fila. Una herramienta templada no es una herramienta terminada. La dureza de la tabla es la dureza antes del revenido, y el revenido la bajar\u00e1 unos pocos puntos, por lo que un grado indicado con 60 HRC m\u00ednimo se reviene hasta los cincuenta y tantos altos en la pr\u00e1ctica normal. La segunda advertencia es que las tablas de temple en aceite suponen un ba\u00f1o de aceite quieto o ligeramente agitado a temperatura controlada. Un ba\u00f1o fr\u00edo y quieto sobre una secci\u00f3n pesada no alcanzar\u00e1 la dureza indicada, diga lo que diga la tabla sobre el grado.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Datos de referencia relacionados<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Cr12MoV es la designaci\u00f3n GB del grado que se compra en otros lugares como acero para herramientas D2<\/a> y Acero para herramientas Cr12MoV<\/a>, y Cr12 es el grado que se suministra como Acero para herramientas Cr12<\/a>. El comportamiento de temple en aceite que comparten con 9SiCr proviene de la misma familia de baja aleaci\u00f3n, y los rangos de carbono y cromo detr\u00e1s de estas temperaturas de temple se enumeran en la Tabla de composici\u00f3n del acero para herramientas<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

Datos de temple del acero para herramientas aleado chino, PDF imprimible<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

Temperatura de temple, medio de enfriamiento y dureza m\u00ednima para los grados de acero para herramientas aleado GB, en un PDF con nuestros datos de contacto.<\/p>\n\n

\n
Descargar PDF<\/a><\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Recopilado de \u5200\u5177\u6750\u6599\u901f\u67e5\u624b\u518c, Tabla 2-4 en las p\u00e1ginas impresas 14 y 15. Cada cifra fue le\u00edda de una imagen renderizada de la p\u00e1gina impresa y verificada grado por grado. La tabla es un resumen de referencia de la pr\u00e1ctica publicada y no una especificaci\u00f3n de Aobo Steel, por lo que se debe confirmar el grado y el ciclo de tratamiento t\u00e9rmico antes de que los datos se escriban en una hoja de proceso.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Chinese Alloy Tool Steel Grades: Quenching Temperature and Hardness Three numbers decide how a Chinese alloy tool steel is quenched. The temperature the tool is held at before it is cooled, the medium it is quenched into, and the hardness the grade is expected to reach at its minimum. The table below collects those three […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"normal-width-container","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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and Hardness Chart<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Quenching temperature, cooling medium and minimum Rockwell hardness for GB alloy tool steel grades, including Cr12MoV (D2), Cr12 (D3) and the hot work grades.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/es\/chinese-alloy-tool-steel-hardness\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Chinese Alloy Tool Steel Grades: Quenching Temperature and Hardness\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Quenching temperature, cooling medium and minimum Rockwell hardness for GB alloy tool steel grades, including Cr12MoV (D2), Cr12 (D3) and the hot work grades.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/es\/chinese-alloy-tool-steel-hardness\/\" \/>\n<meta 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Alloy Tool Steel Grades: Quenching Temperature and Hardness Three numbers decide how a Chinese alloy tool steel is quenched. The temperature the tool is held at before it is cooled, the medium it is quenched into, and the hardness the grade is expected to reach at its minimum. The table below collects those three…","rttpg_featured_image_url":null,"rttpg_author":{"display_name":"Evan","author_link":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/es\/blog\/author\/admin\/"},"rttpg_comment":0,"rttpg_category":null,"rttpg_excerpt":"Chinese Alloy Tool Steel Grades: Quenching Temperature and Hardness Three numbers decide how a Chinese alloy tool steel is quenched. The temperature the tool is held at before it is cooled, the medium it is quenched into, and the hardness the grade is expected to reach at its minimum. The table below collects those three…","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/20567","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20567"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/20567\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":22570,"href":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/20567\/revisions\/22570"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20567"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}