{"id":20153,"date":"2026-09-28T12:32:50","date_gmt":"2026-09-28T04:32:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/?page_id=20153"},"modified":"2026-10-16T00:12:52","modified_gmt":"2026-10-15T16:12:52","slug":"a9-tool-steel-heat-treatment","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/es\/a9-tool-steel-heat-treatment\/","title":{"rendered":"Tratamiento t\u00e9rmico del acero para herramientas A9"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tratamiento t\u00e9rmico del acero para herramientas A9<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

La composici\u00f3n qu\u00edmica, el ciclo de temple y la l\u00ednea de revenido que la ficha de origen indica para el acero para herramientas de trabajo en fr\u00edo templado al aire A9. Un resumen de referencia de la pr\u00e1ctica publicada y no una especificaci\u00f3n de Aobo Steel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A9 en el grupo de trabajo en fr\u00edo templado al aire<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

El A9 pertenece al grupo de trabajo en fr\u00edo templado al aire, y la ficha indica la aleaci\u00f3n como 0.50% de carbono, 5.00% de cromo, 1.40% de molibdeno, 1.00% de vanadio, 1.50% de n\u00edquel, 1.00% de silicio y 0.40% de manganeso. El cromo al 5.00% es la cifra en la que se basa el comportamiento de templado al aire, porque mantiene la templabilidad lo suficientemente alta para que la pieza se temple mientras se enfr\u00eda en aire quieto. El n\u00edquel al 1.50% es la adici\u00f3n que distingue al grado dentro del grupo, y es un elemento tenacizante que no forma carburos propios. El molibdeno y el vanadio son los formadores de carburos sobre los que se construye la resistencia al desgaste.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La ficha es informaci\u00f3n de referencia de taller m\u00e1s que una especificaci\u00f3n. Indica un paso de precalentamiento, una temperatura de temple y un medio de enfriamiento, luego un bloque de revenido que comienza con la dureza tal como se templa y llega hasta 1000 \u00b0F (540 \u00b0C). Cada cifra de la ficha es un valor \u00fanico y no aparece ninguna banda de tolerancia frente a ninguna de ellas. Conviene tratar una primera corrida de piezas de una nueva colada de acero como una prueba antes de que el ciclo pase a trabajo de producci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Composici\u00f3n qu\u00edmica del A9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Elementos que la ficha de referencia enumera, porcentaje<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Elemento<\/th>Porcentaje<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Carbono<\/td>0.50<\/td><\/tr>
Manganese<\/td>0.40<\/td><\/tr>
Silicon<\/td>1.00<\/td><\/tr>
Cromo<\/td>5.00<\/td><\/tr>
Molibdeno<\/td>1.40<\/td><\/tr>
N\u00edquel<\/td>1.50<\/td><\/tr>
Vanadio<\/td>1.00<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fuente, informaci\u00f3n de referencia de tratamiento t\u00e9rmico para A9, p\u00e1gina impresa 183.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La ficha indica una cifra para cada elemento en lugar de un rango de especificaci\u00f3n. El tungsteno, el cobalto y el azufre figuran en la ficha sin ninguna cifra frente a ellos, por lo que esas filas se omiten de la tabla en lugar de imprimirse en blanco.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

El cromo al 5.00% aporta la templabilidad de la que depende el ciclo siguiente, y tambi\u00e9n es el elemento que sit\u00faa al grado en el grupo de templado al aire en lugar del de templado en aceite. El vanadio al 1.00% y el molibdeno al 1.40% son los formadores de carburos, y el vanadio adem\u00e1s mantiene el tama\u00f1o de grano durante la permanencia de austenizaci\u00f3n. El n\u00edquel al 1.50% se indica como una cifra \u00fanica y es la adici\u00f3n tenacizante del an\u00e1lisis. El carbono al 0.50% es moderado para un acero para herramientas, de donde proviene el equilibrio entre tenacidad y resistencia al desgaste. El manganeso al 0.40% y el silicio al 1.00% tambi\u00e9n se indican como cifras \u00fanicas. El tungsteno, el cobalto y el azufre figuran en la ficha sin ninguna cifra frente a ellos, por lo que esas filas se omiten de la tabla. Los datos de composici\u00f3n de la tabla son solo de referencia general, los valores reales var\u00edan seg\u00fan la norma, la acer\u00eda y el n\u00famero de colada, as\u00ed que confirme las cifras con el certificado de ensayo del material de la colada o consulte a Aobo Steel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Temple del A9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Precalentamiento, temperatura de temple y enfriamiento<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Paso<\/th>A9<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Precalentamiento<\/td>1200 \u00b0F (650 \u00b0C)<\/td><\/tr>
Templar<\/td>1825 \u00b0F (995 \u00b0C)<\/td><\/tr>
Medio de temple<\/td>Temple al aire<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fuente, informaci\u00f3n de referencia de tratamiento t\u00e9rmico para A9, p\u00e1gina impresa 183.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La ficha indica un paso de precalentamiento, una temperatura de temple y un medio de enfriamiento para el grado, sin ninguna condici\u00f3n de tama\u00f1o de secci\u00f3n frente a ellos, por lo que las cifras rigen para la carga tal como se indica.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

El precalentamiento de 1200 \u00b0F (650 \u00b0C) eleva la carga antes de que alcance la temperatura de austenizaci\u00f3n, y la ficha no indica ninguna condici\u00f3n frente a ese paso, por lo que rige para toda carga. El temple se realiza a 1825 \u00b0F (995 \u00b0C) seguido de un enfriamiento al aire. Los grados de templado al aire alcanzan la dureza completa solo hasta una secci\u00f3n transversal l\u00edmite, y la ficha no indica ning\u00fan tama\u00f1o de secci\u00f3n frente al enfriamiento, por lo que conviene verificar un bloque pesado con su tratador t\u00e9rmico antes de fijar el ciclo. El enfriamiento al aire es adem\u00e1s la v\u00eda m\u00e1s suave, que es la raz\u00f3n por la que se elige un grado de este tipo donde hay que contener la distorsi\u00f3n. Se indica una sola temperatura de temple, por lo que un taller que utilice una ventana de austenizaci\u00f3n diferente trabaja fuera de lo que da la ficha.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Respuesta al revenido del A9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Dureza que deja cada temperatura de revenido<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Revenido, \u00b0F<\/th>\u00b0C<\/th>A9, HRC<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Reci\u00e9n templado<\/td>\u2013<\/td>64<\/td><\/tr>
300<\/td>150<\/td>61<\/td><\/tr>
400<\/td>205<\/td>60<\/td><\/tr>
500<\/td>260<\/td>60<\/td><\/tr>
600<\/td>315<\/td>58<\/td><\/tr>
800<\/td>425<\/td>56<\/td><\/tr>
900<\/td>480<\/td>54<\/td><\/tr>
1000<\/td>540<\/td>50<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Fuente, informaci\u00f3n de referencia de tratamiento t\u00e9rmico para A9, p\u00e1gina impresa 183.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

La ficha indica la dureza tal como se templa dentro del bloque de revenido sin ninguna temperatura frente a ella, por lo que esa fila lleva un guion en la columna de temperatura. La ficha no indica ninguna fila de 700 \u00b0F, por lo que la l\u00ednea pasa de 600 \u00b0F a 800 \u00b0F con una cifra Rockwell C en cada fila.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

El bloque de revenido comienza con la dureza tal como se templa a 64 HRC, y la l\u00ednea desciende desde all\u00ed sin ning\u00fan pico de endurecimiento secundario en ninguna parte. Los primeros cuatro pasos mantienen la l\u00ednea entre 58 y 61 HRC, lo que abarca desde 300 \u00b0F (150 \u00b0C) hasta 600 \u00b0F (315 \u00b0C). Por encima de eso la dureza cae a 56 HRC a 800 \u00b0F (425 \u00b0C), 54 HRC a 900 \u00b0F (480 \u00b0C) y 50 HRC a 1000 \u00b0F (540 \u00b0C). El extremo fr\u00edo de la l\u00ednea conlleva la dureza de trabajo, y las \u00faltimas tres filas cambian dureza por alivio de tensiones y estabilidad dimensional. La ficha indica una cifra en cada fila y no dice nada sobre el n\u00famero de ciclos de revenido, as\u00ed que trate la l\u00ednea como la respuesta del grado y acuerde los ciclos con su tratador t\u00e9rmico antes de que las piezas entren en servicio.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n

Tratamiento t\u00e9rmico del acero para herramientas A9, PDF imprimible<\/strong><\/p>\n\n

La composici\u00f3n qu\u00edmica, el ciclo de temple y la respuesta al revenido del A9 de esta p\u00e1gina en un solo PDF, con nuestros datos de contacto.<\/p>\n\n

\n
Descargar PDF, 374 KB<\/a><\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Datos de referencia relacionados<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

El A9 es uno de los grados de templado al aire, y el templado al aire como m\u00e9todo se expone en la p\u00e1gina de acero para herramientas de templado al aire<\/a>. Los dem\u00e1s miembros del mismo grupo est\u00e1n en la p\u00e1gina de tratamiento t\u00e9rmico del acero para herramientas A8<\/a>, la p\u00e1gina de tratamiento t\u00e9rmico del acero para herramientas A6<\/a> y la p\u00e1gina de tratamiento t\u00e9rmico del acero para herramientas A10<\/a>, y el grupo se presenta en la p\u00e1gina de aceros para herramientas de trabajo en fr\u00edo<\/a> y en la p\u00e1gina del acero para herramientas A2<\/a>. La composici\u00f3n qu\u00edmica de cada grado est\u00e1 en la Tabla de composici\u00f3n del acero para herramientas<\/a>, las valoraciones de desgaste y tenacidad en la tabla de propiedades del acero para herramientas<\/a>, las ventanas de temple y revenido de todos los grupos en la tabla de temple y revenido del acero para herramientas<\/a>, y el proceso en s\u00ed en la gu\u00eda de tratamiento t\u00e9rmico del acero para herramientas<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Datos de referencia recopilados de Heat Treatment, Selection, and Application of Tool Steels (William E. Bryson, segunda edici\u00f3n, Carl Hanser Verlag, 2009). La composici\u00f3n qu\u00edmica, el ciclo de temple y la respuesta al revenido del A9 provienen de la informaci\u00f3n de referencia de tratamiento t\u00e9rmico de la p\u00e1gina impresa 183.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A9 Tool Steel Heat Treatment The chemistry, the hardening cycle and the tempering line the source card prints for A9 air-hardening cold work tool steel. A reference summary of published practice and not an Aobo Steel specification. A9 in the air-hardening cold work group A9 belongs to the air-hardening cold work group, and the card […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"normal-width-container","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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