{"id":18292,"date":"2026-09-14T18:58:31","date_gmt":"2026-09-14T10:58:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/tool-steel-tempering-chart\/"},"modified":"2026-09-15T07:50:26","modified_gmt":"2026-09-14T23:50:26","slug":"tool-steel-tempering-chart","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/es\/tool-steel-tempering-chart\/","title":{"rendered":"Tool Steel Tempering Chart"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<style>\n:root{\n    --aobo-accent:#2563eb; --aobo-accent-dark:#1e1e2e; --aobo-blue:#0c56d0; --aobo-blue-dark:#073b91;\n    --aobo-text:#333; --aobo-muted:#888; --aobo-border:#e5e7eb; --aobo-border-dark:#ddd;\n    --aobo-stripe:#f7f7f9; --aobo-hover:#e8f0fe; --aobo-radius:8px; --aobo-radius-sm:6px;\n    --aobo-orange:#f59e0b; --aobo-fill:#e9ecef;\n  }\n  *{box-sizing:border-box;}\n  html{-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;}\n  body{margin:0;background:#fff;color:var(--aobo-text);\n    font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,\"Segoe UI\",Roboto,\"Helvetica 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.4em;}\n  }\n  table.ts-table thead th{cursor:default;}\n  table.ts-table td{white-space:nowrap;}\n  table.ts-table td.ts-type{white-space:normal;text-align:left;font-size:.92em;color:#555;min-width:150px;}\n  table.ts-table td.ts-grade{font-weight:700;}\n  .ts-sec{margin:1.8em 0 .5em;font-size:1.02em;color:var(--aobo-text);font-weight:700;}\n  .ts-sec span{display:block;font-size:.8em;font-weight:400;color:var(--aobo-muted);margin-top:.15em;line-height:1.6;}\n  .ts-table-wrap{margin-top:.6em;}\n  .ts-tcap{margin:.5em 0 0;font-size:.78em;color:var(--aobo-muted);line-height:1.6;}\n  .ts-props a{color:var(--aobo-blue) !important;text-decoration:none !important;}\n  .ts-props a:hover{text-decoration:underline !important;}\n  .ts-rel{margin-top:1.2em;background:#fff;border:1px solid var(--aobo-border);\n    border-left:3px solid var(--aobo-blue);border-radius:0 var(--aobo-radius) var(--aobo-radius) 0;padding:1em 1.2em;}\n  .ts-rel h3{margin:0 0 .5em;font-size:.95em;color:var(--aobo-text);}\n  .ts-rel p{margin:0;font-size:.85em;line-height:1.9;color:var(--aobo-muted);}\n  .ts-rel p a{font-weight:600;}\n<\/style>\n<section class=\"aobo-ht-ref ts-props\">\n  <div class=\"aobo-wrap\">\n    <div class=\"ts-hero\">\n      <div class=\"ts-hero-top\">\n        <div class=\"ts-kicker\"><span><\/span>Tool Steel Reference Data<\/div>\n        <h1>Tool Steel Tempering Chart<\/h1>\n        <p>Tempering temperatures, the hardness each one produces and the oxide colors used to judge temperature on the shop floor. Covers D2, D3, D4, D5, D7, O1, O2, O6, O7, A2, A6, A7, A8, H10 to H23, M2, M4 and M42, with metric and imperial values.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"ts-tool-area\">\n        <div class=\"ts-legend\">\n          <span><b>HRC<\/b> Rockwell C hardness<\/span>\n          <span><b>Tempering window<\/b> range a grade is normally tempered over<\/span>\n          <span><b>AQ<\/b> as-quenched, before tempering<\/span>\n          <span><b>Double temper<\/b> two tempering cycles<\/span>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"ts-sec\">Tempering temperature and working hardness\n          <span>Six grades that cover most die and tool work, with the hardness each is normally put into service at. Quench temperatures and the full quench-and-temper schedule are in the <a href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/tool-steel-hardening-tempering-chart\/\">hardening and tempering chart<\/a>.<\/span>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"ts-table-wrap\">\n          <table class=\"ts-table\">\n            <thead>\n              <tr>\n                <th>Grade<\/th><th>Type<\/th><th>As-quenched HRC <sup>(a)<\/sup><\/th><th>Working HRC<\/th>\n                <th>Recommended tempering, &deg;F<\/th><th>&deg;C<\/th>\n              <\/tr>\n            <\/thead>\n            <tbody>\n<tr><td class=\"ts-grade\"><a href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/a2-tool-steel\/\">A2<\/a><\/td><td class=\"ts-type\">Cold work, air-hardening<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">64<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">58&ndash;60<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">400&ndash;450<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">204&ndash;232<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"ts-grade\"><a href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/d2-tool-steel\/\">D2<\/a><\/td><td class=\"ts-type\">Cold work, high-chromium<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">64<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">58&ndash;60<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">900&ndash;960<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">482&ndash;516<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"ts-grade\"><a href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/h13-tool-steel\/\">H13<\/a><\/td><td class=\"ts-type\">Hot work, chromium<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">54<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">40&ndash;48<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">1050&ndash;1150<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">566&ndash;621<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"ts-grade\"><a href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/m2-tool-steel\/\">M2<\/a><\/td><td class=\"ts-type\">High speed, molybdenum<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">65<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">62&ndash;64<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">1000&ndash;1050<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">538&ndash;566<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"ts-grade\"><a href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/o1-tool-steel\/\">O1<\/a><\/td><td class=\"ts-type\">Cold work, oil-hardening<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">64<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">58&ndash;60<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">400&ndash;450<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">204&ndash;232<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"ts-grade\"><a href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/s7-tool-steel\/\">S7<\/a><\/td><td class=\"ts-type\">Shock-resisting<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">60<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">56&ndash;58<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">400&ndash;450<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">204&ndash;232<\/td><\/tr>\n            <\/tbody>\n          <\/table>\n        <\/div>\n        <p class=\"ts-tcap\">Source: Tool and Die Making Troubleshooter (R. M. Leed), Table 8-7, from Bethlehem Steel data.<\/p>\n\n        <div class=\"ts-sec\">Tempering windows by grade\n          <span>Hardening and tempering data for the tool steels most often quoted and stocked. Grouped by family, with the approximate hardness span across the window. The chemistry each grade is built on is in the <a href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/tool-steel-composition-chart\/\">tool steel composition chart<\/a>.<\/span>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"ts-table-wrap\">\n          <table class=\"ts-table\">\n            <thead>\n              <tr>\n                <th>Grade<\/th><th>Type<\/th><th>Tempering temperature, &deg;F<\/th><th>&deg;C<\/th>\n                <th>Approx. tempered hardness, HRC <sup>(c)<\/sup><\/th>\n              <\/tr>\n            <\/thead>\n            <tbody>\n<tr class=\"ts-group\"><td colspan=\"5\"><a href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/high-speed-steels\/\">High-speed tool steels<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"ts-grade\"><a href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/m2-tool-steel-heat-treatment\/\">M2<\/a><\/td><td class=\"ts-type\">Molybdenum high speed<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">1000&ndash;1160<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">538&ndash;627<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">65&ndash;60<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"ts-grade\">M4<\/td><td class=\"ts-type\">Molybdenum high speed, vanadium<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">1000&ndash;1100<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">538&ndash;593<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">66&ndash;61<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"ts-grade\">M7<\/td><td class=\"ts-type\">Molybdenum high speed<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">1000&ndash;1100<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">538&ndash;593<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">66&ndash;61<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"ts-grade\">M10<\/td><td class=\"ts-type\">Molybdenum high speed<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">1000&ndash;1100<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">538&ndash;593<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">65&ndash;60<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"ts-grade\"><a href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/m42-tool-steel\/\">M42<\/a><\/td><td class=\"ts-type\">Cobalt high speed<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">950&ndash;1100<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">510&ndash;593<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">70&ndash;65<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ts-group\"><td colspan=\"5\"><a href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/hot-work-tool-steels\/\">Hot-work tool steels<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"ts-grade\"><a href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/h10-tool-steel-heat-treatment-guide\/\">H10<\/a><\/td><td class=\"ts-type\">Chromium hot work<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">1000&ndash;1200<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">538&ndash;649<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">56&ndash;39<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"ts-grade\"><a href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/h11-tool-steel-heat-treatment\/\">H11<\/a><\/td><td class=\"ts-type\">Chromium hot work<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">1000&ndash;1200<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">538&ndash;649<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">54&ndash;38<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"ts-grade\">H12<\/td><td class=\"ts-type\">Chromium-tungsten hot work<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">1000&ndash;1200<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">538&ndash;649<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">55&ndash;38<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"ts-grade\"><a href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/h13-steel-heat-treatment\/\">H13<\/a><\/td><td class=\"ts-type\">Chromium hot work<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">1000&ndash;1200<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">538&ndash;649<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">53&ndash;38<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"ts-grade\">H19<\/td><td class=\"ts-type\">Chromium-cobalt hot work<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">1000&ndash;1300<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">538&ndash;704<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">59&ndash;40<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"ts-grade\"><a href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/h21-tool-steel\/\">H21<\/a><\/td><td class=\"ts-type\">Tungsten hot work<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">1100&ndash;1250<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">593&ndash;677<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">54&ndash;36<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"ts-grade\">H23<\/td><td class=\"ts-type\">Tungsten hot work<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">1200&ndash;1500<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">649&ndash;816<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">47&ndash;30<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ts-group\"><td colspan=\"5\"><a href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/cold-work-tool-steels\/\">Cold-work tool steels<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"ts-grade\"><a href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/d2-tool-steel-heat-treatment-guide\/\">D2<\/a><\/td><td class=\"ts-type\">High-chromium cold work<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">400&ndash;1000<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">204&ndash;538<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">61&ndash;54<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"ts-grade\"><a href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/d3-tool-steel-heat-treatment\/\">D3<\/a><\/td><td class=\"ts-type\">High-chromium cold work<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">400&ndash;1000<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">204&ndash;538<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">61&ndash;54<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"ts-grade\">D4<\/td><td class=\"ts-type\">High-chromium cold work<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">400&ndash;1000<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">204&ndash;538<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">61&ndash;54<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"ts-grade\">D5<\/td><td class=\"ts-type\">High-chromium cold work<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">400&ndash;1000<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">204&ndash;538<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">61&ndash;54<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"ts-grade\">D7<\/td><td class=\"ts-type\">High-chromium cold work<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">300&ndash;1000<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">149&ndash;538<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">65&ndash;58<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"ts-grade\"><a href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/a2-tool-steel-heat-treatment-guide\/\">A2<\/a><\/td><td class=\"ts-type\">Medium-alloy air-hardening<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">350&ndash;1000<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">177&ndash;538<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">62&ndash;57<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"ts-grade\">A6<\/td><td class=\"ts-type\">Medium-alloy air-hardening<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">300&ndash;800<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">149&ndash;427<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">60&ndash;54<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"ts-grade\">A7<\/td><td class=\"ts-type\">Medium-alloy air-hardening<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">300&ndash;1000<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">149&ndash;538<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">67&ndash;57<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"ts-grade\">A8<\/td><td class=\"ts-type\">Medium-alloy air-hardening<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">350&ndash;1100<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">177&ndash;593<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">60&ndash;50<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"ts-grade\"><a href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/o1-tool-steel-heat-treatment\/\">O1<\/a><\/td><td class=\"ts-type\">Oil-hardening cold work<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">350&ndash;500<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">177&ndash;260<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">62&ndash;57<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"ts-grade\"><a href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/o2-tool-steel-heat-treatment\/\">O2<\/a><\/td><td class=\"ts-type\">Oil-hardening cold work<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">350&ndash;500<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">177&ndash;260<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">62&ndash;57<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"ts-grade\">O6<\/td><td class=\"ts-type\">Oil-hardening cold work<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">350&ndash;600<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">177&ndash;316<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">63&ndash;58<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"ts-grade\">O7<\/td><td class=\"ts-type\">Oil-hardening cold work<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">350&ndash;550<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">177&ndash;288<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">64&ndash;58<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ts-group\"><td colspan=\"5\"><a href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/s-series-tool-steel\/\">Shock-resisting tool steels<\/a><\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"ts-grade\"><a href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/s1-tool-steel-heat-treatment-guide\/\">S1<\/a><\/td><td class=\"ts-type\">Shock-resisting<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">400&ndash;1200<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">204&ndash;649<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">58&ndash;40<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"ts-grade\">S5<\/td><td class=\"ts-type\">Shock-resisting<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">350&ndash;800<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">177&ndash;427<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">60&ndash;50<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"ts-grade\"><a href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/s7-tool-steel-heat-treatment\/\">S7<\/a><\/td><td class=\"ts-type\">Shock-resisting<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">400&ndash;1150<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">204&ndash;621<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">57&ndash;45<\/td><\/tr>\n            <\/tbody>\n          <\/table>\n        <\/div>\n        <p class=\"ts-tcap\">Source: Machinery&rsquo;s Handbook, 28th ed., tool steel tables 6, 8, 9 and 10 (high-speed, hot-work, cold-work and shock-resisting groups).<\/p>\n\n        <div class=\"ts-sec\">H13 at each tempering temperature\n          <span>Hardness, tensile properties and impact energy of H13 after double tempering. Same austenitizing temperature, two different quench routes. Hardness once the die is at working temperature is in the <a href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/tool-steel-hot-hardness-chart\/\">hot hardness chart<\/a>.<\/span>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"ts-table-wrap\">\n          <table class=\"ts-table\" style=\"min-width:1000px;\">\n            <thead>\n              <tr>\n                <th>Tempering <br>&deg;C<\/th><th>&deg;F<\/th><th>Hardness<br>HRC<\/th>\n                <th>Tensile<br>MPa (ksi)<\/th><th>Yield<br>MPa (ksi)<\/th><th>Elongation<br>%<\/th>\n                <th>Charpy V-notch<br>at 21 &deg;C, J (ft&middot;lbf)<\/th>\n              <\/tr>\n            <\/thead>\n            <tbody>\n<tr class=\"ts-group\"><td colspan=\"7\">Oil quenched from 1010 &deg;C (1850 &deg;F), double tempered 2 + 2 h<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"ts-num\">527<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">980<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">52<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">1960 (284)<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">1570 (228)<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">13.0<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">16 (12)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"ts-num\">555<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">1030<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">50<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">1835 (266)<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">1530 (222)<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">13.1<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">24 (18)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"ts-num\">575<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">1065<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">48<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">1730 (251)<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">1470 (213)<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">13.5<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">27 (20)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"ts-num\">593<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">1100<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">46<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">1580 (229)<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">1365 (198)<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">14.4<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">28.5 (21)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr class=\"ts-group\"><td colspan=\"7\">Air cooled from 1010 &deg;C (1850 &deg;F), double tempered 2 + 2 h<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"ts-num\">524<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">975<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">54<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">&mdash;<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">&mdash;<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">&mdash;<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">14 (10)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"ts-num\">565<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">1050<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">52<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">&mdash;<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">&mdash;<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">&mdash;<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">14 (10)<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"ts-num\">607<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">1125<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">47<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">&mdash;<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">&mdash;<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">&mdash;<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">24 (18)<\/td><\/tr>\n            <\/tbody>\n          <\/table>\n        <\/div>\n        <p class=\"ts-tcap\">Source: ASM Handbook, Volume 1 (10th ed.), Ultrahigh-Strength Steels, Tables 31 and 33 (H13 round bar). The air-cooled series is reported with hardness and impact energy only.<\/p>\n\n        <div class=\"ts-sec\">M2 hardness against tempering temperature\n          <span>The dip and recovery between 700 and 1050 &deg;F is secondary hardening, which is why high-speed steel is tempered hot instead of just hard.<\/span>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"ts-table-wrap\">\n          <table class=\"ts-table\" style=\"min-width:640px;\">\n            <thead>\n              <tr>\n                <th>Tempering<br>&deg;F<\/th><th>&deg;C<\/th><th>Hardness after oil quench, HRC<\/th><th>Hardness after air quench, HRC<\/th>\n              <\/tr>\n            <\/thead>\n            <tbody>\n<tr><td class=\"ts-num\">300<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">150<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">66<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">66.5<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"ts-num\">400<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">205<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">65<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">65<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"ts-num\">500<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">260<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">64<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">63.5<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"ts-num\">600<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">315<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">63<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">62.5<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"ts-num\">700<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">370<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">62.5<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">62.5<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"ts-num\">800<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">425<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">63<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">62.5<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"ts-num\">900<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">480<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">65<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">63.5<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"ts-num\">1000<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">540<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">66<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">63.5<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"ts-num\">1050<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">565<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">66<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">63.5<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"ts-num\">1100<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">595<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">64.5<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">61.5<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"ts-num\">1150<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">620<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">62<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">60<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"ts-num\">1200<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">650<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">53.5<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">53<\/td><\/tr>\n            <\/tbody>\n          <\/table>\n        <\/div>\n        <p class=\"ts-tcap\">Source: Heat Treatment, Selection and Application of Tool Steels (W. E. Bryson, 2nd ed.), Table 10.1, austenitized at 2250 &deg;F (1230 &deg;C).<\/p>\n\n        <div class=\"ts-sec\">Tempering colors\n          <span>Oxide colors on plain carbon steel, used as a shop-floor cross-check when a pyrometer is not at hand.<\/span>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"ts-table-wrap\">\n          <table class=\"ts-table\" style=\"min-width:520px;\">\n            <thead>\n              <tr><th>&deg;F<\/th><th>&deg;C<\/th><th>Color of steel<\/th><\/tr>\n            <\/thead>\n            <tbody>\n<tr><td class=\"ts-num\">430<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">221<\/td><td class=\"ts-type\">Very pale yellow<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"ts-num\">440<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">227<\/td><td class=\"ts-type\">Light yellow<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"ts-num\">450<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">232<\/td><td class=\"ts-type\">Pale straw-yellow<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"ts-num\">460<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">238<\/td><td class=\"ts-type\">Straw-yellow<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"ts-num\">470<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">243<\/td><td class=\"ts-type\">Deep straw-yellow<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"ts-num\">480<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">249<\/td><td class=\"ts-type\">Dark yellow<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"ts-num\">490<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">254<\/td><td class=\"ts-type\">Yellow-brown<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"ts-num\">500<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">260<\/td><td class=\"ts-type\">Brown-yellow<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"ts-num\">510<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">266<\/td><td class=\"ts-type\">Spotted red-brown<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"ts-num\">520<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">271<\/td><td class=\"ts-type\">Brown-purple<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"ts-num\">530<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">277<\/td><td class=\"ts-type\">Light purple<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"ts-num\">540<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">282<\/td><td class=\"ts-type\">Full purple<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"ts-num\">550<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">288<\/td><td class=\"ts-type\">Dark purple<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"ts-num\">560<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">293<\/td><td class=\"ts-type\">Full blue<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"ts-num\">570<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">299<\/td><td class=\"ts-type\">Dark blue<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td class=\"ts-num\">640<\/td><td class=\"ts-num\">338<\/td><td class=\"ts-type\">Light blue<\/td><\/tr>\n            <\/tbody>\n          <\/table>\n        <\/div>\n        <p class=\"ts-tcap\">Source: Machinery&rsquo;s Handbook, 28th ed., Table 1, temperatures indicated by the color of plain carbon steel. Other shop references list the same colors over slightly different ranges, for example straw at 460 &deg;F (238 &deg;C) and blue at 580 &deg;F (304 &deg;C).<\/p>\n\n        <ul class=\"ts-notes-list\">\n<li><sup>(a)<\/sup> As-quenched hardness, measured before tempering.<\/li>\n          <li><sup>(b)<\/sup> Temperatures are printed here as published in each source. Celsius values in the tempered-hardness tables are converted from Fahrenheit and rounded to the nearest degree.<\/li>\n          <li><sup>(c)<\/sup> Approximate tempered hardness is the span from the low end of the tempering window to the high end. The exact value depends on austenitizing temperature, quench, section size and the number of tempers.<\/li>\n        <\/ul>\n\n        <div class=\"ts-disclaimer\">\n          <h3>Table notes<\/h3>\n          <p>Different references publish different tempering windows for the same grade because the outcome depends on how the part was austenitized, how fast it cooled, how thick it is and how many tempers it receives. D2, for example, is tempered at 900 to 960 &deg;F (482 to 516 &deg;C) to hold <a href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/blog\/best-hrc-for-d2-tool-steel\/\">58 to 60 HRC<\/a> in shop practice, while Machinery&rsquo;s Handbook prints a wider 400 to 1000 &deg;F window with an approximate hardness span of 61 to 54 HRC. Treat both tables as starting windows, then confirm on your own furnace with a test piece.<\/p>\n          <p><b>Temper straight after quenching.<\/b> <a href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/air-hardening-tool-steel\/\">Air-hardening<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/oil-hardening-tool-steel\/\">oil-hardening<\/a> grades should reach the tempering furnace while the part is still warm, about 125 to 150 &deg;F (50 to 65 &deg;C). A quenched tool left at room temperature before the first temper carries a higher <a href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/blog\/how-to-avoid-d2-heat-treatment-mistakes\/\">risk of cracking<\/a>, and the delay costs nothing to avoid. Hold at temperature for one hour per inch of section, and use two hours per inch on large or complex sections. The defects that appear when a stage of the cycle is skipped, and the checks that correct them, are listed in the <a href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/tool-steel-heat-treatment-troubleshooting-chart\/\">heat treatment troubleshooting chart<\/a>.<\/p>\n          <p><b>Temper twice, and three times on high-speed steel.<\/b> Air-hardening cold-work grades and molybdenum high-speed grades are normally tempered twice to convert retained austenite and stabilise the dimensions. A third temper is added for parts with a lot of detail or for hard-service tooling.<\/p>\n          <p><b>Never heat a tempered part above its tempering temperature.<\/b> Stress relieving, straightening or <a href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/blog\/d2-tool-steel-weld-repair\/\">weld repair<\/a> above that temperature softens the tool, so the tempering temperature sets a ceiling for every later operation.<\/p>\n          <p><b>Tempering colors are an indication only.<\/b> The oxide colors in the last table were measured on <a href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/blog\/1045-vs-tool-steel\/\">plain carbon steel<\/a>. Alloy content shifts them, so use a thermocouple or pyrometer for control and the colors as a cross-check on the shop floor.<\/p>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"ts-grid\">\n          <div class=\"ts-card\">\n            <h2>Temper within the hour<\/h2>\n            <p>The part should be at <b>125 to 150 &deg;F (50 to 65 &deg;C)<\/b> when it enters the tempering furnace. Waiting until it is cold adds cracking risk on air-hardening grades.<\/p>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"ts-card\">\n            <h2>One hour per inch<\/h2>\n            <p>Hold at temperature for <b>one hour per inch of section<\/b>, two hours per inch on heavy or complex blocks. Shot soak times leave retained austenite and unstable dimensions.<\/p>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"ts-card\">\n            <h2>Hardness costs toughness<\/h2>\n            <p>Every point of hardness above the working range removes toughness. <a href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/tool-steel-selection-by-application\/\">Choose the range the die needs<\/a> and stay inside it rather than hardening to the maximum the steel can take.<\/p>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"ts-card\">\n            <h2>Ask for the mill data sheet<\/h2>\n            <p>Tempering windows are grade and mill specific. Aobo Steel supplies <a href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/tool-steel-heat-treatment-guide\/\">heat treatment guidance<\/a> with each order, and the <a href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/blog\/verify-tool-steel-test-report\/\">mill certificate<\/a> travels with the steel.<\/p>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"ts-rel\">\n          <h3>Related reference pages<\/h3>\n          <p><a href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/tool-steel-annealing-normalizing-temperature-chart\/\">Tool steel annealing and normalizing temperatures<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/d2-austenitizing-temperature\/\">D2 austenitizing temperature<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/tool-steel-forging-temperature-guide\/\">Tool steel forging temperature guide<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/tool-steel-machinability-rating-chart\/\">Tool steel machinability ratings<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/h13-tool-steel-applications\/\">H13 die casting applications<\/a> &middot; <a href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/d2-tool-steel-machining-guide\/\">D2 tool steel machining guide<\/a><\/p>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <p class=\"ts-source\">Sources: Machinery&rsquo;s Handbook, 28th ed. (Industrial Press), tool steel tables 6, 8, 9 and 10 and Table 1 on temper colors; ASM Handbook, Volume 1 (10th ed.), Ultrahigh-Strength Steels, Tables 31 and 33; Tool and Die Making Troubleshooter (R. M. Leed), Tables 8-3 and 8-7; Heat Treatment, Selection and Application of Tool Steels (W. E. Bryson, 2nd ed.), Table 10.1. Reference data for comparison only. Confirm tempering practice with your heat treater and the mill data sheet before production.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tempering temperatures and the hardness they produce for common tool 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