{"id":15477,"date":"2026-05-16T16:03:18","date_gmt":"2026-05-16T08:03:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/?page_id=15477"},"modified":"2026-10-23T09:22:53","modified_gmt":"2026-10-23T01:22:53","slug":"tool-steel-for-die-casting-dies-inserts","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/es\/tool-steel-for-die-casting-dies-inserts\/","title":{"rendered":"Acero para herramientas para moldes y insertos de fundici\u00f3n a presi\u00f3n"},"content":{"rendered":"

Selecci\u00f3n de acero para herramientas para matrices y insertos de fundici\u00f3n a presi\u00f3n<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

Seleccione el acero para herramientas seg\u00fan la aleaci\u00f3n de colada, la temperatura del metal fundido, resistencia al agrietamiento t\u00e9rmico<\/a>, la dureza en caliente, la resistencia a la erosi\u00f3n y el requisito de tenacidad.\n Para moldes y insertos para fundici\u00f3n a presi\u00f3n<\/a>, la elecci\u00f3n principal suele ser entre resistencia a la fatiga t\u00e9rmica, resistencia en caliente, resistencia a la erosi\u00f3n y resistencia al agrietamiento.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f3mo fallan las matrices de fundici\u00f3n a presi\u00f3n<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

El da\u00f1o de la matriz no es aleatorio. Se desarrolla a partir del ciclo t\u00e9rmico, la presi\u00f3n de inyecci\u00f3n y el contacto con la aleaci\u00f3n fundida, y el mecanismo que se vuelve dominante decide qu\u00e9 propiedad del acero importa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En cada ciclo de fundici\u00f3n, la superficie de la matriz se calienta por el metal fundido y luego se enfr\u00eda de nuevo, por lo que la superficie trabaja bajo tensi\u00f3n t\u00e9rmica c\u00edclica. El agrietamiento t\u00e9rmico, una red de grietas superficiales, es el resultado. La alta presi\u00f3n de inyecci\u00f3n y el flujo r\u00e1pido del metal a\u00f1aden erosi\u00f3n y deformaci\u00f3n local, y el contacto continuo con la aleaci\u00f3n promueve la soldadura, especialmente en la fundici\u00f3n de aluminio.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En la fundici\u00f3n a presi\u00f3n de aluminio y magnesio, las matrices suelen fallar por fatiga t\u00e9rmica m\u00e1s que por desgaste. Cuando las grietas se inician temprano y crecen r\u00e1pidamente, aumentar la dureza no resuelve el problema: lo que importa es la resistencia a la tensi\u00f3n c\u00edclica y al crecimiento lento de grietas, lo que exige tenacidad y una microestructura estable bajo calentamiento repetido. Variantes m\u00e1s limpias como grados ESR<\/a> mejoran a\u00fan m\u00e1s la resistencia a la iniciaci\u00f3n de grietas al reducir los defectos internos, lo que importa en producciones largas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cuando aumenta la temperatura de fundici\u00f3n, como con lat\u00f3n y aleaciones de cobre, el modo de falla cambia. En lugar de agrietarse, la matriz se ablanda, se deforma y pierde estabilidad dimensional, por lo que la resistencia al ablandamiento (resistencia al revenido) se vuelve m\u00e1s cr\u00edtica que la tenacidad. Lo contrario ocurre en el zinc y otros trabajos a baja temperatura, donde la carga t\u00e9rmica es baja y el costo, el mecanizado y el plazo de entrega impulsan la elecci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La dureza y la tenacidad son propiedades contrapuestas, por lo que la mayor\u00eda moldes de fundici\u00f3n a presi\u00f3n<\/a> se opera en el rango de 42-50 HRC: por debajo, la deformaci\u00f3n se vuelve m\u00e1s probable; por encima, el agrietamiento tiende a acelerarse. Cuando un troquel falla por agrietamiento prematuro, reducir la dureza o seleccionar un grado m\u00e1s tenaz suele ser m\u00e1s efectivo que aumentar a\u00fan m\u00e1s la dureza.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gu\u00eda de selecci\u00f3n r\u00e1pida por grado de acero para herramientas<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Elija el grado seg\u00fan si la matriz se utiliza para aluminio, magnesio, zinc, plomo, lat\u00f3n, cobre, insertos, machos o bloques porta-matrices.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Acero para herramientas H13 1.2344 \/ SKD61<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Recomendado para aluminio y magnesio moldes de fundici\u00f3n a presi\u00f3n, insertos y machos<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Raz\u00f3n: H13 ofrece un fuerte equilibrio de dureza en caliente, tenacidad, resistencia a la fatiga t\u00e9rmica y resistencia a la erosi\u00f3n frente al aluminio fundido.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n
Ver detalles<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n
Enviar consulta<\/a><\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n\n

Acero para herramientas H11 1.2343 \/ SKD6<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Recomendado para insertos, machos y herramientas de fundici\u00f3n a presi\u00f3n de aluminio y magnesio donde la tenacidad es cr\u00edtica.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Raz\u00f3n: H11 proporciona alta tenacidad, resistencia en caliente y resistencia al choque t\u00e9rmico, lo que ayuda a retrasar el crecimiento de grietas por agrietamiento t\u00e9rmico.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n
Ver detalles<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n
Enviar consulta<\/a><\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n\n

Acero para moldes P20 1.2311<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Recomendado para producciones cortas a medianas Troqueles de fundici\u00f3n a presi\u00f3n de zinc<\/a>, insertos y bloques porta-matrices.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Raz\u00f3n: P20 se suministra com\u00fanmente preendurecido, lo que permite mecanizar a dimensiones finales sin distorsi\u00f3n por tratamiento t\u00e9rmico posterior al mecanizado.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n
Ver detalles<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n
Enviar consulta<\/a><\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n\n

Acero para herramientas H13 1.2344 \/ SKD61<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Recomendado para matrices de fundici\u00f3n a presi\u00f3n de zinc de producci\u00f3n larga que necesitan una vida \u00fatil superior al desgaste durante muchos ciclos de fundici\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Raz\u00f3n: H13 proporciona mejor vida \u00fatil al desgaste y resistencia al agrietamiento t\u00e9rmico que el acero para moldes preendurecido en la fundici\u00f3n a presi\u00f3n de zinc de producci\u00f3n larga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n
Ver detalles<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n
Enviar consulta<\/a><\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n\n

Acero para herramientas H21 1.2581 \/ SKD5<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Recomendado para matrices e insertos de fundici\u00f3n a presi\u00f3n de lat\u00f3n y cobre bajo altas temperaturas de operaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Raz\u00f3n: H21 contiene alto tungsteno, lo que proporciona una fuerte dureza en caliente y resistencia al ablandamiento bajo contacto severo con lat\u00f3n o cobre fundido.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n
Ver detalles<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n
Enviar consulta<\/a><\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n\n

Acero para herramientas H10 1.2365 \/ SKD7<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Recomendado para matrices e insertos de fundici\u00f3n a presi\u00f3n de alta temperatura donde se requiere un mejor desempe\u00f1o en trabajo en caliente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Raz\u00f3n: H10 es una opci\u00f3n de acero para herramientas de trabajo en caliente para aplicaciones que necesitan resistencia en caliente, resistencia al revenido y resistencia a la fatiga t\u00e9rmica.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n
Ver detalles<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n
Enviar consulta<\/a><\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Elija el grado seg\u00fan el metal de fundici\u00f3n<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Cada metal de fundici\u00f3n crea una carga t\u00e9rmica y erosiva diferente, por lo que el mismo acero para matrices no es la mejor respuesta en todas partes. La tabla a continuaci\u00f3n muestra la primera opci\u00f3n, las alternativas y la raz\u00f3n detr\u00e1s de ellas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Metal de fundici\u00f3n<\/th>Primera opci\u00f3n<\/th>Alternativas<\/th>Riesgo principal de fallo<\/th>L\u00f3gica de selecci\u00f3n<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Aluminio<\/td>H13<\/td>H11, H12<\/td>Agrietamiento t\u00e9rmico, soldadura, erosi\u00f3n<\/td>H13 ofrece el mejor equilibrio de dureza en caliente, tenacidad y resistencia a la fatiga t\u00e9rmica. H11 mejora la tenacidad. H12 mejora la resistencia a la abrasi\u00f3n y al lavado.<\/td><\/tr>
Magnesio<\/td>H13<\/td>H11, H12<\/td>Fatiga t\u00e9rmica, agrietamiento<\/td>La fundici\u00f3n a presi\u00f3n de magnesio tiene requisitos de acero para herramientas similares a los de la fundici\u00f3n a presi\u00f3n de aluminio.<\/td><\/tr>
Zinc<\/td>P20<\/td>H11 o H13 para producciones largas<\/td>Desgaste en producciones largas<\/td>P20 es econ\u00f3mico para series cortas a medianas y se suministra preendurecido. Utilice H11 o H13 cuando se requieran series m\u00e1s largas die life<\/a> una mayor duraci\u00f3n.<\/td><\/tr>
Plomo y esta\u00f1o<\/td>P20<\/td>H13 cuando se necesita mayor vida \u00fatil de la herramienta<\/td>Desgaste a baja temperatura<\/td>La temperatura de fundici\u00f3n m\u00e1s baja no siempre requiere acero premium para trabajo en caliente.<\/td><\/tr>
Lat\u00f3n<\/td>H21<\/td>H19, H14<\/td>Ablandamiento a alta temperatura, lavado, agrietamiento t\u00e9rmico<\/td>La aleaci\u00f3n de tungsteno y cobalto mejora la dureza en caliente y la resistencia al desgaste en caliente.<\/td><\/tr>
Aleaciones de cobre<\/td>H10A<\/td>H19, H21<\/td>Tensi\u00f3n t\u00e9rmica severa, ablandamiento en caliente, erosi\u00f3n<\/td>Los aceros para trabajo en caliente de mayor aleaci\u00f3n retienen mejor la dureza a temperatura elevada.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

La dureza de trabajo sigue al metal de fundici\u00f3n. Para matrices de aluminio y magnesio, H13 se opera com\u00fanmente a 42-48 HRC; llevarlo hacia 50-52 HRC aumenta el riesgo de agrietamiento a menos que se hayan revisado la geometr\u00eda de la matriz, el equilibrio de enfriamiento y el choque t\u00e9rmico. H11 y H12 se usan alrededor de 42-50 HRC dependiendo de si la tenacidad o la resistencia al desgaste es la prioridad. Para lat\u00f3n, H21 se opera t\u00edpicamente a 38-42 HRC y H19 a 38-44 HRC. P20 se suministra preendurecido a aproximadamente 28-32 HRC (aproximadamente 300 HB), lo cual es suficiente para producciones cortas a medias de zinc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Los grados de alto tungsteno como H21 y H19 resisten bien el calor pero tienen menor tenacidad que H13 o H11. Necesitan un precalentamiento cuidadoso y un enfriamiento controlado, porque un enfriamiento agresivo aumenta el riesgo de agrietamiento.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Resumen de la selecci\u00f3n<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Esta tabla ofrece una comparaci\u00f3n m\u00e1s r\u00e1pida cuando el comprador ya conoce la aleaci\u00f3n de fundici\u00f3n y el principal riesgo de falla de la matriz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aplicaci\u00f3n de fundici\u00f3n a presi\u00f3n<\/th>Requisito principal<\/th>Grados de acero Aobo<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Matrices, insertos y machos de fundici\u00f3n a presi\u00f3n de aluminio y magnesio<\/td>Resistencia a la fatiga t\u00e9rmica, dureza en caliente, tenacidad y resistencia a la erosi\u00f3n<\/td>H13, H11<\/td><\/tr>
\u00c1reas propensas al flujo de aluminio a alta velocidad o a la erosi\u00f3n<\/td>Resistencia al lavado, la soldadura y la erosi\u00f3n por aluminio fundido<\/td>H13<\/td><\/tr>
Matrices de fundici\u00f3n a presi\u00f3n de zinc y bloques portadores para series cortas y medias<\/td>Control de costos, suministro preendurecido y bajo riesgo de distorsi\u00f3n<\/td>P20<\/td><\/tr>
Matrices de fundici\u00f3n a presi\u00f3n de zinc para series largas<\/td>Mayor vida \u00fatil al desgaste y resistencia al agrietamiento t\u00e9rmico durante muchos ciclos<\/td>H13, H11<\/td><\/tr>
Matrices e insertos de fundici\u00f3n a presi\u00f3n de lat\u00f3n y cobre<\/td>Dureza roja y resistencia al ablandamiento a altas temperaturas.<\/td>H21<\/td><\/tr>
Aplicaciones de fundici\u00f3n a presi\u00f3n con trabajo en caliente a alta temperatura<\/td>Resistencia en caliente, resistencia al revenido y resistencia a la fatiga t\u00e9rmica<\/td>H10, H21<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tool Steel Selection for Die Casting Dies & Inserts Select tool steel by casting alloy, molten metal temperature, heat checking resistance, hot hardness, erosion resistance, and toughness requirement. For die casting dies and inserts, the main choice is usually between thermal fatigue resistance, hot strength, erosion resistance, and resistance to cracking. How Die-Casting Dies Fail […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"normal-width-container","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-15477","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nTool Steel for Die Casting Dies & Inserts - 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