{"id":14844,"date":"2026-04-27T08:16:16","date_gmt":"2026-04-27T00:16:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/?page_id=14844"},"modified":"2026-10-16T13:18:11","modified_gmt":"2026-10-16T05:18:11","slug":"h13-vs-p20-steel","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/es\/h13-vs-p20-steel\/","title":{"rendered":"H13 vs P20 Steel: La respuesta clara para la selecci\u00f3n de moldes y fundici\u00f3n a presi\u00f3n"},"content":{"rendered":"

H13 vs acero P20: diferencias clave, aplicaciones y c\u00f3mo elegir<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

El P20 es un acero para moldes de pl\u00e1stico preendurecido<\/a>, generalmente suministrado a aproximadamente 28\u201332 HRC. Est\u00e1 dise\u00f1ado para el mecanizado eficiente, la producci\u00f3n estable de moldes y el costo de fabricaci\u00f3n controlado. Para moldes de inyecci\u00f3n de pl\u00e1stico est\u00e1ndar que trabajan en condiciones moderadas, el P20 suele ser la opci\u00f3n pr\u00e1ctica. El detalle de aplicaci\u00f3n por tipo de molde, incluido d\u00f3nde el P20 deja de ser adecuado, est\u00e1 en aplicaciones del acero para herramientas P20<\/a> .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En resumen, seleccione P20 por costo y eficiencia, y H13 por resistencia al calor y al desgaste.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El H13 es un acero para herramientas de trabajo en caliente.<\/a> Normalmente se suministra en condici\u00f3n recocida, se mecaniza primero y luego se somete a tratamiento t\u00e9rmico hasta la dureza de trabajo requerida. Se utiliza cuando la herramienta debe resistir calor, fatiga t\u00e9rmica, desgaste abrasivo, alta presi\u00f3n y ciclos de producci\u00f3n largos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Diferencias clave entre H13 y P20<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Caracter\u00edstica<\/th>H13 Steel<\/th>Acero P20<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Steel type<\/td>Acero para trabajo en caliente<\/td>Molde de pl\u00e1stico de acero<\/td><\/tr>
Condici\u00f3n de suministro habitual<\/td>Recocido<\/td>Preendurecido<\/td><\/tr>
Dureza de trabajo t\u00edpica<\/td>40\u201354 HRC despu\u00e9s del tratamiento t\u00e9rmico<\/td>28\u201332 HRC<\/td><\/tr>
Resistencia al calor<\/td>Alto<\/td>Bajo<\/td><\/tr>
Resistencia a la fatiga t\u00e9rmica<\/td>Alto<\/td>Limitado<\/td><\/tr>
Resistencia al desgaste<\/td>Alta despu\u00e9s del tratamiento t\u00e9rmico<\/td>Moderado<\/td><\/tr>
Maquinabilidad<\/td>Medio<\/td>Excelente<\/td><\/tr>
Requisito de tratamiento t\u00e9rmico<\/td>Requerido para el rendimiento final<\/td>Generalmente no requerido despu\u00e9s del mecanizado<\/td><\/tr>
Nivel de costo t\u00edpico<\/td>M\u00e1s alto<\/td>M\u00e1s bajo<\/td><\/tr>
Mejor uso<\/td>Fundici\u00f3n a presi\u00f3n, trabajo en caliente, piezas de molde de alto desgaste<\/a><\/td>Moldes de pl\u00e1stico est\u00e1ndar, porta moldes, placas de respaldo<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

El P20 ofrece un rendimiento \u00fatil del molde directamente en su condici\u00f3n preendurecida de suministro. El H13 desarrolla su rendimiento completo solo despu\u00e9s de un tratamiento t\u00e9rmico adecuado.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Esta diferencia afecta no solo la dureza, sino tambi\u00e9n la ruta de mecanizado, la planificaci\u00f3n de entregas, Riesgo de distorsi\u00f3n<\/a>, la vida \u00fatil de la herramienta y el costo total del molde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Grados equivalentes de acero H13 vs P20<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Al abastecerse de H13 o P20 a nivel internacional, los grados equivalentes son importantes porque los compradores pueden usar designaciones AISI, DIN, JIS, GB, UNS o locales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Est\u00e1ndar \/ Regi\u00f3n<\/th>Equivalente de H13<\/th>Equivalente de P20<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
AISI \/ ASTM<\/td>H13 \/ ASTM A681 H13<\/td>P20 \/ ASTM A681 P20<\/td><\/tr>
UNS<\/td>T20813<\/td>T51620<\/td><\/tr>
DIN \/ W-Nr.<\/td>1.2344<\/td>1.2311<\/td><\/tr>
JIS<\/td>SKD61<\/td>Com\u00fanmente referenciado a trav\u00e9s de aceros para moldes de pl\u00e1stico tipo P20<\/td><\/tr>
GB China<\/td>4Cr5MoSiV1<\/td>3Cr2Mo<\/td><\/tr>
BS<\/td>BH13 \/ H13<\/td>Referencia BS 4659 P20<\/td><\/tr>
AFNOR<\/td>Z40CDV5<\/td>Referencia tipo Z 33 C 35<\/td><\/tr>
Grados modificados comunes<\/td>Variantes de H13<\/td>1.2738, 1.2312, 3Cr2MnNiMo<\/a><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Para la mayor\u00eda de las compras internacionales, las referencias cruzadas clave son simples:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El H13 se corresponde com\u00fanmente con 1.2344, SKD61 y 4Cr5MoSiV1<\/a>. El P20 se corresponde com\u00fanmente con 1.2311 y 3Cr2Mo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dureza, tratamiento t\u00e9rmico y maquinabilidad<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

La dureza es una de las diferencias m\u00e1s buscadas entre H13 y P20, pero no debe juzgarse por s\u00ed sola. La pregunta m\u00e1s importante es c\u00f3mo el acero alcanza su condici\u00f3n de trabajo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Art\u00edculo<\/th>H13 Steel<\/th>Acero P20<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Condici\u00f3n de suministro<\/td>Recocido<\/td>Preendurecido<\/td><\/tr>
Dureza de suministro t\u00edpica<\/td>Generalmente lo suficientemente blando para el mecanizado<\/td>Generalmente 28\u201332 HRC<\/td><\/tr>
Dureza de trabajo<\/td>Generalmente 40\u201354 HRC despu\u00e9s del tratamiento t\u00e9rmico<\/td>Generalmente se usa directamente a la dureza de suministro<\/td><\/tr>
Ruta de mecanizado<\/td>Mecanizar primero, luego tratar t\u00e9rmicamente<\/a><\/td>Mecanizar y usar directamente<\/td><\/tr>
Riesgo de distorsi\u00f3n<\/td>Debe controlarse durante el tratamiento t\u00e9rmico<\/td>Baja porque generalmente no se requiere endurecimiento final<\/td><\/tr>
Ventaja principal<\/td>Resistencia en caliente, resistencia al desgaste, resistencia a la fatiga t\u00e9rmica<\/td>Mecanizado r\u00e1pido, menor costo, fabricaci\u00f3n de moldes estable<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Normalmente se selecciona P20 porque ahorra tiempo de mecanizado y elimina la necesidad de tratamiento t\u00e9rmico final. Para muchos moldes de pl\u00e1stico est\u00e1ndar, 28\u201332 HRC es suficiente. La ventaja del P20 no es la dureza m\u00e1xima. Su valor es el mecanizado estable, el corto tiempo de fabricaci\u00f3n y el menor costo del molde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Se selecciona H13 cuando la herramienta requiere mayor dureza de trabajo y mejor estabilidad t\u00e9rmica. En fundici\u00f3n a presi\u00f3n y herramientas de trabajo en caliente, el H13 se usa a menudo a 44\u201348 HRC, seg\u00fan la pieza, la aleaci\u00f3n, la carga de impacto y las condiciones de ciclado t\u00e9rmico.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Una mayor dureza no siempre es mejor<\/a>. Si se fuerza demasiado el H13, la tenacidad puede disminuir y el riesgo de agrietamiento<\/a> puede aumentar. La dureza correcta debe coincidir con la condici\u00f3n de trabajo, no solo con el valor de HRC m\u00e1s alto posible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Coincidencia de aplicaci\u00f3n: moldeo por inyecci\u00f3n, fundici\u00f3n a presi\u00f3n y modo de falla<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

La elecci\u00f3n correcta depende de c\u00f3mo trabaja la herramienta y de c\u00f3mo es probable que falle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aplicaci\u00f3n \/ Condici\u00f3n de falla<\/th>Mejor opci\u00f3n<\/th>Raz\u00f3n<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Moldes est\u00e1ndar de inyecci\u00f3n de pl\u00e1stico<\/td>P20<\/td>Menor costo, mecanizado m\u00e1s f\u00e1cil, condici\u00f3n preendurecida<\/td><\/tr>
Moldes de pl\u00e1stico para producci\u00f3n corta a media<\/td>P20<\/td>Buen equilibrio de costo, estabilidad y rendimiento del molde<\/td><\/tr>
Bases de molde grandes, portamoldes, placas de respaldo<\/td>P20<\/td>Buena funci\u00f3n de soporte sin costo innecesario de aleaci\u00f3n<\/td><\/tr>
Pl\u00e1sticos con fibra de vidrio o abrasivos<\/a><\/td>H13<\/td>Mejor resistencia al desgaste despu\u00e9s del tratamiento t\u00e9rmico<\/td><\/tr>
Moldes de pl\u00e1stico de gran volumen<\/td>H13<\/td>Mayor vida \u00fatil de la herramienta donde el desgaste se vuelve un problema importante<\/td><\/tr>
Zonas de compuerta, insertos y secciones de molde de alto desgaste<\/td>H13<\/td>Mejor durabilidad bajo presi\u00f3n y fricci\u00f3n<\/td><\/tr>
Fundici\u00f3n a presi\u00f3n de aluminio, magnesio o lat\u00f3n<\/td>H13<\/td>Mayor resistencia al calor y a la fatiga t\u00e9rmica.<\/td><\/tr>
Cavidades, machos e insertos de fundici\u00f3n a presi\u00f3n<\/td>H13<\/td>Resiste el agrietamiento t\u00e9rmico, la erosi\u00f3n y el ciclado t\u00e9rmico<\/td><\/tr>
Piezas de soporte de fundici\u00f3n a presi\u00f3n a baja temperatura o no cr\u00edticas<\/td>Se puede usar P20<\/td>Solo adecuado donde el calor y la erosi\u00f3n son limitados<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Para el moldeo por inyecci\u00f3n est\u00e1ndar, el P20 suele ser el material m\u00e1s pr\u00e1ctico. Se puede mecanizar y usar directamente, lo que reduce el tiempo de fabricaci\u00f3n y evita la distorsi\u00f3n por tratamiento t\u00e9rmico.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El H13 se vuelve m\u00e1s adecuado cuando el pl\u00e1stico contiene fibra de vidrio o cargas abrasivas, cuando el molde debe funcionar durante mucho tiempo, o cuando la cavidad, el macho, la compuerta o la zona del inserto se desgastan demasiado r\u00e1pido.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Para la fundici\u00f3n a presi\u00f3n, el H13 suele ser el material base correcto. La fundici\u00f3n a presi\u00f3n expone la herramienta al calor, al ciclado t\u00e9rmico, a la soldadura, a la erosi\u00f3n y al agrietamiento t\u00e9rmico. El P20 no est\u00e1 dise\u00f1ado para este tipo de servicio repetido a alta temperatura<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Si la falla es causada por calor, fatiga t\u00e9rmica o ablandamiento, el tratamiento superficial por s\u00ed solo no puede convertir el P20 en H13. Una capa nitrurada o recubrimiento<\/a> puede mejorar la dureza superficial, pero no puede compensar completamente un acero base que carece de resistencia en caliente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Costo vs vida \u00fatil de la herramienta<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

La diferencia econ\u00f3mica entre H13 y P20 se refiere m\u00e1s al costo total de vida \u00fatil de la herramienta que solo a los precios del acero.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El P20 normalmente reduce el costo inicial del molde porque el mecanizado es m\u00e1s f\u00e1cil y el tratamiento t\u00e9rmico final a menudo no es necesario. Para moldes de pl\u00e1stico est\u00e1ndar, producci\u00f3n de corta a media duraci\u00f3n y piezas que necesitan menos resistencia al calor, el P20 ofrece menores costos iniciales, pero puede requerir un reemplazo m\u00e1s temprano si se exigen mayores demandas a la herramienta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El H13 tiene un costo inicial m\u00e1s alto debido a los mayores precios del acero y al tratamiento t\u00e9rmico requerido, pero su mayor durabilidad puede extender la vida \u00fatil de la herramienta, reducir el tiempo de inactividad y disminuir los costos de mantenimiento en aplicaciones exigentes. Para fundici\u00f3n a presi\u00f3n, pl\u00e1sticos abrasivos, alta presi\u00f3n o aplicaciones de larga duraci\u00f3n, el mayor costo inicial puede resultar en mayores ahorros generales debido a una vida \u00fatil m\u00e1s larga de la herramienta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Factor de costo<\/th>Acero P20<\/th>H13 Steel<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
Costo de materia prima<\/td>M\u00e1s bajo<\/td>M\u00e1s alto<\/td><\/tr>
Costo de mecanizado<\/td>M\u00e1s bajo<\/td>M\u00e1s alto<\/td><\/tr>
Costo de tratamiento t\u00e9rmico<\/td>Generalmente no requerido despu\u00e9s del mecanizado<\/td>Requerido para el rendimiento final<\/td><\/tr>
Plazo de entrega de fabricaci\u00f3n<\/td>M\u00e1s corto<\/td>M\u00e1s largo<\/td><\/tr>
Control de distorsi\u00f3n<\/td>M\u00e1s f\u00e1cil<\/td>Debe gestionarse durante el tratamiento t\u00e9rmico<\/td><\/tr>
Vida \u00fatil de la herramienta en moldeo de pl\u00e1stico moderado<\/td>Bien<\/td>A menudo innecesario<\/td><\/tr>
Vida \u00fatil de la herramienta en servicio caliente o abrasivo<\/td>Limitado<\/td>Mejor<\/td><\/tr>
Mejor opci\u00f3n econ\u00f3mica<\/td>Moldes est\u00e1ndar y producci\u00f3n con control de costos<\/td>Herramientas para servicio severo y producciones largas<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Para compras, la pregunta relevante no es solo \u201c\u00bfQu\u00e9 acero es m\u00e1s barato?\u201d En su lugar, pregunte \u201c\u00bfQu\u00e9 acero proporciona el menor costo total durante la vida \u00fatil esperada de la herramienta, considerando el rendimiento, la durabilidad, el reemplazo y el mantenimiento?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Si la herramienta trabaja en condiciones moderadas de moldeo de pl\u00e1stico, el P20 suele ofrecer el mejor costo. Si la herramienta falla debido al calor, desgaste, presi\u00f3n o fatiga t\u00e9rmica, el H13 es la opci\u00f3n m\u00e1s segura a largo plazo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regla de selecci\u00f3n final<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Seleccione P20 para una fabricaci\u00f3n de moldes eficiente<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Seleccione P20 para eficiencia de mecanizado, estabilidad dimensional y menor costo del molde en producci\u00f3n est\u00e1ndar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Opte por H13 para servicio exigente<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Opte por H13 cuando la herramienta deba soportar calor, fatiga, presi\u00f3n, desgaste o producciones largas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El P20 es adecuado para una fabricaci\u00f3n de moldes eficiente y moderada; el H13 maneja entornos m\u00e1s calientes y exigentes. El acero correcto depende de las condiciones de trabajo y de los modos de falla esperados.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u00e1ginas relacionadas<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Comparaciones de H13:<\/strong> H13 contra A2<\/a> \u00b7 H13 vs H11<\/a> \u00b7 H13 vs 1.2367<\/a> \u00b7 H13 vs H21<\/a> \u00b7 H13 vs SKD61<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u00e1ginas de referencia:<\/strong> Tabla de revenido del acero para herramientas<\/a> \u00b7 Propiedades del acero H13<\/a> \u00b7 Pulido y texturizado de moldes<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Familias de grados:<\/strong> Grados de acero para herramientas<\/a> \u00b7 Aceros para herramientas de la serie H<\/a> \u00b7 Buscador de materiales de acero para herramientas<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Los valores de composici\u00f3n, dureza y tratamiento t\u00e9rmico son valores t\u00edpicos publicados para H13 \/ 1.2344 \/ SKD61 y P20 \/ 1.2311 \/ 3Cr2Mo. Confirme el rango exacto con el certificado del fabricante para el lote entregado.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

H13 vs P20 Steel: Key Differences, Applications, and How to Choose P20 is a prehardened plastic mold steel, usually supplied at about 28\u201332 HRC. It is designed for efficient machining, stable mold production, and controlled manufacturing cost. For standard plastic injection molds working under moderate conditions, P20 is often the practical choice. Application detail by […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":15023,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"normal-width-container","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-14844","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nH13 vs P20 Steel: Hot Work Tool Steel or Mold Steel<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"H13 vs P20: prehardened mold steel against heat-treated hot work steel. Compare condition, hardness, heat treatment, applications and mold cost.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/es\/h13-vs-p20-steel\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"H13 vs P20 Steel: The Clear Answer for Mold and Die Casting Selection\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"H13 vs P20: prehardened mold steel against heat-treated hot work steel. 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