{"id":11644,"date":"2025-12-22T16:20:05","date_gmt":"2025-12-22T08:20:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/?page_id=11644"},"modified":"2026-05-09T07:11:01","modified_gmt":"2026-05-08T23:11:01","slug":"h13-steel-heat-treatment","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/es\/h13-steel-heat-treatment\/","title":{"rendered":"Gu\u00eda de tratamiento t\u00e9rmico H13 | Aobo Steel"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Gu\u00eda de tratamiento t\u00e9rmico H13<\/h1>\n\n\n\n

El acero para herramientas H13 se trata t\u00edpicamente mediante recocido a 845\u2013900 \u00b0C \/ 1550\u20131650 \u00b0F<\/strong>, precalentando a 790\u2013815 \u00b0C \/ 1450\u20131500 \u00b0F<\/strong>, austeniz\u00e1ndose en 995\u20131025 \u00b0C \/ 1825\u20131875 \u00b0F<\/strong>, enfriamiento en aire quieto o gas a alta presi\u00f3n y doble revenido a 510\u2013620 \u00b0C \/ 950\u20131150 \u00b0F<\/strong>. Despu\u00e9s del tratamiento t\u00e9rmico adecuado, H13 suele alcanzar aproximadamente 51\u201354 HRC en estado templado<\/strong> y suele templarse hasta alcanzar una dureza de trabajo de 40\u201350 HRC<\/strong>, dependiendo de la aplicaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aobo Steel suministra acero para herramientas H13 en estado recocido para aplicaciones de herramientas de trabajo en caliente, incluyendo matrices de fundici\u00f3n a presi\u00f3n, matrices de forja y herramientas de extrusi\u00f3n. Para conocer tama\u00f1os, especificaciones y detalles de suministro a granel, visite nuestra p\u00e1gina web. P\u00e1gina del producto Acero para herramientas H13<\/a> o contactar sales@aobosteel.com<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Descripci\u00f3n general del tratamiento t\u00e9rmico del acero para herramientas H13<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

El acero H13 se suele suministrar en estado recocido para su mecanizado, y posteriormente se endurece y templa hasta alcanzar la dureza de trabajo final. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Escenario<\/strong><\/td>Prop\u00f3sito principal<\/strong><\/td>Resultado t\u00edpico<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
Recocido<\/td>Ablandar el acero para el mecanizado y aliviar las tensiones.<\/td>Estructura esferoidizada y menor dureza.<\/td><\/tr>
Precalentamiento<\/td>Reducir el choque t\u00e9rmico e igualar la temperatura<\/td>Menor riesgo de agrietamiento y deformaci\u00f3n<\/td><\/tr>
Austenitizaci\u00f3n<\/td>Construir la base de endurecimiento<\/td>Alta templabilidad y dureza potencial.<\/td><\/tr>
Enfriamiento<\/td>Formar la estructura endurecida<\/td>Alta dureza tras el temple<\/td><\/tr>
Templado<\/td>Ajustar la dureza, la tenacidad y la estabilidad t\u00e9rmica.<\/td>Propiedades de trabajo finales<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paso a paso: C\u00f3mo realizar el tratamiento t\u00e9rmico del acero para herramientas H13<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Paso 1: Recocido del acero para herramientas H13 antes del mecanizado.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

El acero H13 se suministra normalmente recocido, ya que este es el estado m\u00e1s pr\u00e1ctico para el mecanizado y el desbaste. Un recocido adecuado produce una estructura de carburo esferoidizada, ablanda el acero y reduce las tensiones internas derivadas de procesos previos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El rango t\u00edpico de recocido es de 845 a 900 \u00b0C (1550 a 1650 \u00b0F). Algunas pr\u00e1cticas tambi\u00e9n mencionan 871 \u00b0C (1600 \u00b0F), con un tiempo de mantenimiento que depende del espesor de la secci\u00f3n. Despu\u00e9s del tratamiento t\u00e9rmico, el H13 debe enfriarse muy lentamente en el horno, generalmente a una velocidad de entre 14 y 15 \u00b0C por hora, hasta alcanzar aproximadamente 480 a 500 \u00b0C, y luego enfriarse al aire hasta alcanzar la temperatura ambiente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Para mayor coherencia, la dureza recocida del H13 se suele indicar entre 192 y 229 HB. Ese es el dato clave que los lectores deben tener en cuenta. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Paso 2: Precalentamiento del acero para herramientas H13<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

El precalentamiento se utiliza antes del endurecimiento para reducir el choque t\u00e9rmico y mejorar la uniformidad de la temperatura en toda la secci\u00f3n. Esto cobra mayor importancia a medida que la herramienta se vuelve m\u00e1s grande o compleja.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El rango t\u00edpico de precalentamiento es de 790 a 815 \u00b0C (1450 a 1500 \u00b0F). Para piezas delicadas o secciones m\u00e1s complejas, se puede utilizar un precalentamiento inicial de entre 704 y 760 \u00b0C (1300 a 1400 \u00b0F). La pieza debe mantenerse precalentada hasta que la temperatura se estabilice en toda la secci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Paso 3: Austenizaci\u00f3n y endurecimiento del acero para herramientas H13<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Tras el precalentamiento, la temperatura de H13 se eleva al rango de endurecimiento de 995 a 1025 \u00b0C (1825 a 1875 \u00b0F). En muchos ciclos industriales est\u00e1ndar, se utiliza 1010 \u00b0C (1850 \u00b0F) como temperatura de endurecimiento de referencia para obtener propiedades equilibradas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El objetivo de la austenizaci\u00f3n es disolver suficientes carburos de aleaci\u00f3n en la soluci\u00f3n para lograr el endurecimiento requerido sin provocar un crecimiento excesivo del grano. Es fundamental controlar el tiempo de remojo. Generalmente, se recomienda un tiempo de 20 a 30 minutos, m\u00e1s un tiempo adicional seg\u00fan el espesor de la secci\u00f3n, o aproximadamente 30 minutos por pulgada para secciones de m\u00e1s de una pulgada de espesor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Si la temperatura de endurecimiento es demasiado baja o el tiempo de remojo es demasiado corto, es posible que el H13 no alcance su dureza m\u00e1xima. Si la temperatura es demasiado alta, la tenacidad puede disminuir. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Paso 4: Templado del acero para herramientas H13<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

El acero H13 es de endurecimiento profundo, por lo que el temple al aire o con gas a alta presi\u00f3n es habitual en muchos procesos de tratamiento t\u00e9rmico industrial. El temple con gas en horno de vac\u00edo se utiliza ampliamente, ya que proporciona superficies m\u00e1s limpias y un control m\u00e1s preciso. Para secciones muy grandes, se puede utilizar un temple intermitente en aceite, aunque conlleva un mayor riesgo de deformaci\u00f3n. El acero H13 no debe templarse en agua.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El acero H13 no debe templarse y dejarse enfriar completamente a temperatura ambiente antes del revenido. El temple se interrumpe generalmente cuando el acero alcanza entre 50 y 66 \u00b0C (125 y 150 \u00b0F), y la pieza se transfiere inmediatamente al revenido. Este es uno de los controles m\u00e1s importantes para reducir el agrietamiento por temple retardado.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Diagrama
Diagrama de transformaci\u00f3n isot\u00e9rmica H13 despu\u00e9s de la austenizaci\u00f3n a 1010 \u00b0C.<\/strong>
El diagrama muestra el comportamiento de transformaci\u00f3n del H13 durante el enfriamiento y respalda la necesidad de un temple controlado, especialmente en secciones gruesas donde un enfriamiento lento del n\u00facleo puede reducir la dureza y la tenacidad.
Fuente: Aceros para herramientas, George Adam Roberts, George Krauss, Richard Kennedy, p\u00e1gina 224.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Paso 5: Templado del acero para herramientas H13<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

El revenido transforma el acero H13, fr\u00e1gil y reci\u00e9n templado, en un acero para herramientas de trabajo en caliente. El doble revenido es la pr\u00e1ctica habitual, y en algunos casos se puede aplicar un tercer revenido. Como gu\u00eda pr\u00e1ctica, se recomienda un tiempo de revenido de 2 horas por pulgada de la secci\u00f3n transversal m\u00e1s delgada, con un m\u00ednimo de 2 horas por ciclo. La pieza debe enfriarse a temperatura ambiente entre cada revenido.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El rango \u00f3ptimo de revenido se encuentra entre 510 y 620 \u00b0C (950 y 1150 \u00b0F). La temperatura de revenido seleccionada debe basarse en la aplicaci\u00f3n, la dureza requerida y la temperatura de servicio de la herramienta. En el caso del acero H13, la m\u00e1xima dureza posible rara vez resulta en el mejor resultado final.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00bfQu\u00e9 dureza puede alcanzar el H13 despu\u00e9s del tratamiento t\u00e9rmico?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

La dureza del H13 cambia claramente a lo largo del ciclo de tratamiento t\u00e9rmico, por lo que la forma m\u00e1s clara de presentarla es por condici\u00f3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Condici\u00f3n<\/strong><\/td>Dureza t\u00edpica<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
Condici\u00f3n recocida<\/td>Aproximadamente de 192 a 229 HB<\/td><\/tr>
Estado de temple<\/td>Normalmente entre 51 y 54 HRC<\/td><\/tr>
Condiciones de funcionamiento templadas<\/td>Generalmente entre 40 y 50 HRC<\/td><\/tr>
Superficie nitrurada<\/td>Generalmente por encima de 1000 HV, a menudo entre 1100 y 1300 HV.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tratamiento t\u00e9rmico H13 recomendado y dureza seg\u00fan la aplicaci\u00f3n.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

El tratamiento t\u00e9rmico final del H13 debe seleccionarse en funci\u00f3n de la aplicaci\u00f3n, ya que los moldes de fundici\u00f3n, los moldes de forja, las herramientas de extrusi\u00f3n y los moldes de pl\u00e1stico fallan de diferentes maneras. Algunas aplicaciones se ven limitadas principalmente por el desgaste, mientras que otras lo est\u00e1n por el impacto o la fatiga t\u00e9rmica.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aplicaci\u00f3n<\/strong><\/td>Dureza de trabajo t\u00edpica<\/strong><\/td>Prioridad del tratamiento t\u00e9rmico<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
Matrices de fundici\u00f3n a presi\u00f3n<\/td>44 a 48 HRC<\/td>Resistencia a la fatiga t\u00e9rmica y resistencia al calor<\/td><\/tr>
Herramientas de forja de alto impacto<\/td>40 a 44 HRC<\/td>Resistencia y tenacidad a las grietas<\/td><\/tr>
Troqueles generales para forja en caliente<\/td>Aproximadamente de 38 a 45 HRC<\/td>Equilibrio entre resistencia al desgaste y resistencia a los golpes.<\/td><\/tr>
Herramientas de extrusi\u00f3n<\/td>Dureza de trabajo en caliente de media a alta<\/td>Resistencia al ablandamiento y al desgaste<\/td><\/tr>
Herramientas H13 nitruradas<\/td>N\u00facleo resistente con superficie muy dura.<\/td>Resistencia al desgaste superficial con n\u00facleo estable<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Para las herramientas de fundici\u00f3n a presi\u00f3n est\u00e1ndar, un rango de dureza de 44 a 48 HRC es un rango de trabajo general robusto. Para aplicaciones de alto impacto, especialmente en forja por martillo o herramientas sometidas a impactos severos, un rango inferior, como de 40 a 44 HRC, suele ser m\u00e1s seguro, ya que el agrietamiento se convierte en el principal riesgo. Los troqueles de forja en caliente de uso general se utilizan com\u00fanmente con una dureza de entre 38 y 45 HRC, dependiendo del tama\u00f1o de la secci\u00f3n, la severidad y las condiciones de servicio.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Si se requiere aumentar a\u00fan m\u00e1s la resistencia al desgaste sin sacrificar la tenacidad del n\u00facleo, el acero H13 puede nitrurarse tras un revenido adecuado. En ese caso, la clave no reside simplemente en el elevado n\u00famero de superficie, sino en que el acero conserve un n\u00facleo tenaz y estable a la vez que adquiere una capa superficial mucho m\u00e1s dura.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Problemas y causas comunes del tratamiento t\u00e9rmico H13<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Esta secci\u00f3n resulta m\u00e1s \u00fatil si se organiza por modo de fallo en lugar de mediante largas explicaciones te\u00f3ricas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Problema<\/strong><\/td>Causa t\u00edpica<\/strong><\/td>Resultado pr\u00e1ctico<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
Apaga el agrietamiento<\/td>Templado retardado, enfriamiento brusco, sobrecalentamiento, geometr\u00eda deficiente de la pieza.<\/td>Grietas despu\u00e9s del temple o poco despu\u00e9s del enfriamiento.<\/td><\/tr>
Distorsi\u00f3n<\/td>Gradientes t\u00e9rmicos, tensiones residuales de mecanizado, soporte deficiente<\/td>Deformaci\u00f3n, flexi\u00f3n, cambio de tama\u00f1o<\/td><\/tr>
descarburaci\u00f3n superficial<\/td>Calentamiento en atm\u00f3sfera no protegida<\/td>Superficie blanda y poca resistencia al desgaste.<\/td><\/tr>
Puntos blandos o de baja dureza<\/td>Calentamiento insuficiente, remojo corto, enfriamiento insuficiente en secciones pesadas<\/td>Respuesta de dureza d\u00e9bil<\/td><\/tr>
Baja tenacidad o fragilidad<\/td>Templado inadecuado o respuesta deficiente al enfriamiento de secciones gruesas<\/td>Fallo fr\u00e1gil prematuro<\/td><\/tr>
Grietas de molienda<\/td>Calor excesivo de molienda despu\u00e9s del tratamiento t\u00e9rmico<\/td>Red de grietas superficiales y fallos de servicio r\u00e1pidos<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Agrietamiento por enfriamiento<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

El agrietamiento por temple es uno de los fallos m\u00e1s graves en el tratamiento t\u00e9rmico del acero H13. Las causas pr\u00e1cticas m\u00e1s comunes son el retraso en el revenido, la temperatura de endurecimiento excesiva, el temple demasiado severo y la geometr\u00eda deficiente de la pieza, con esquinas afiladas o cambios de secci\u00f3n abruptos. La regla pr\u00e1ctica m\u00e1s estricta sigue siendo simple: despu\u00e9s de un temple interrumpido, el acero H13 debe revenirse inmediatamente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Distorsi\u00f3n e inestabilidad dimensional<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

La deformaci\u00f3n suele deberse a un calentamiento o enfriamiento desigual, o a tensiones residuales del mecanizado. Las piezas grandes o con soporte deficiente son especialmente vulnerables. Por ello, el alivio de tensiones antes del endurecimiento y un buen soporte durante el calentamiento forman parte del control del proceso, no son un detalle opcional.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Descarburaci\u00f3n de la superficie<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Si el H13 se calienta en una atm\u00f3sfera oxidante, la superficie puede perder carbono y no alcanzar su dureza m\u00e1xima. El resultado es una superficie blanda con menor resistencia al desgaste y peor rendimiento a la fatiga. Por ello, el vac\u00edo, la atm\u00f3sfera controlada o una protecci\u00f3n superficial equivalente deben formar parte de las buenas pr\u00e1cticas de tratamiento t\u00e9rmico del H13.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Baja dureza y zonas blandas<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Si el H13 no alcanza la dureza esperada, las causas habituales son un calentamiento insuficiente, un tiempo de inmersi\u00f3n inadecuado o un enfriamiento deficiente en secciones muy grandes. En secciones gruesas, el n\u00facleo puede enfriarse demasiado lentamente y transformarse parcialmente en bainita en lugar de martensita, lo que reduce la dureza.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Baja tenacidad y fragilidad<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

El acero H13 se valora por combinar resistencia al calor con buena tenacidad, pero este equilibrio depende de un revenido adecuado y una respuesta de temple correcta. La conclusi\u00f3n principal es sencilla: el proceso de revenido final debe seleccionarse para favorecer tanto la dureza como la tenacidad, especialmente en aplicaciones de trabajo en caliente, donde la estabilidad es tan importante como la resistencia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Grietas de rectificado despu\u00e9s del tratamiento t\u00e9rmico<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Algunos fallos atribuidos al tratamiento t\u00e9rmico se producen, en realidad, durante el rectificado final. Los cortes intensos, el uso de una muela inadecuada o una mala gesti\u00f3n de la refrigeraci\u00f3n pueden provocar un sobrecalentamiento localizado de la superficie, creando una capa quebradiza que se agrieta durante su uso. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Consideraciones sobre el tratamiento t\u00e9rmico para grandes bloques y matrices H13<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Las secciones H13 de gran tama\u00f1o no deben tratarse como piezas peque\u00f1as a mayor escala. Cuando la secci\u00f3n se vuelve muy pesada, la transferencia de calor a trav\u00e9s del n\u00facleo se convierte en el factor limitante. Las secciones de m\u00e1s de 305 mm (12 pulgadas) pueden dejar de responder adecuadamente a la refrigeraci\u00f3n por aire est\u00e1ndar, y este punto debe mantenerse, ya que refleja una limitaci\u00f3n industrial real.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Para bloques H13 de gran tama\u00f1o, los principales problemas son el enfriamiento lento del n\u00facleo, la menor dureza del n\u00facleo, el mayor riesgo de distorsi\u00f3n y una mayor sensibilidad a la estrategia de temple. El enfriamiento lento en el n\u00facleo puede producir bainita en lugar de martensita y tambi\u00e9n puede favorecer la precipitaci\u00f3n de carburos en los l\u00edmites de grano, lo que reduce la tenacidad. Por ello, los bloques H13 de gran secci\u00f3n pueden requerir temple en aceite interrumpido, m\u00e9todos de sales calientes o temple en gas a alta presi\u00f3n, en lugar de un simple tratamiento al aire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Los bloques H13 de gran tama\u00f1o requieren un control m\u00e1s preciso de la secuencia de calentamiento, enfriamiento y mecanizado. En muchos casos, el mecanizado basto antes del endurecimiento es m\u00e1s realista que el acabado de todos los detalles y la espera de una distorsi\u00f3n m\u00ednima posterior.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tabla de tratamiento t\u00e9rmico del acero para herramientas H13<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Fase de tratamiento t\u00e9rmico<\/strong><\/td>Rango de temperatura (\u00b0C)<\/strong><\/td>Rango de temperatura (\u00b0F)<\/strong><\/td>Tiempo de remojo\/mantenimiento<\/strong><\/td>Refrigeraci\u00f3n \/ Notas<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
Recocido<\/td>845\u2013900<\/td>1550\u20131650<\/td>Aproximadamente 1 hora por pulgada de espesor<\/td>Enfriar el horno lentamente hasta aproximadamente 480\u2013500 \u00b0C, luego enfriar al aire.<\/td><\/tr>
Precalentamiento<\/td>790\u2013815<\/td>1450\u20131500<\/td>Mantener hasta que se iguale a trav\u00e9s de la secci\u00f3n<\/td>Para piezas delicadas, se puede utilizar primero un precalentamiento m\u00e1s bajo, de alrededor de 704\u2013760 \u00b0C.<\/td><\/tr>
Austenitizaci\u00f3n<\/td>995\u20131025<\/td>1825\u20131875<\/td>Aproximadamente 20-30 minutos m\u00e1s el tiempo de retenci\u00f3n seg\u00fan el grosor.<\/td>1010 \u00b0C es una temperatura de endurecimiento de referencia com\u00fan.<\/td><\/tr>
Enfriamiento<\/td>-<\/td>-<\/td>-<\/td>El enfriamiento est\u00e1ndar se realiza con aire est\u00e1tico o gas a alta presi\u00f3n; para secciones muy grandes se puede utilizar un enfriamiento con aceite intermitente; no utilice enfriamiento con agua.<\/td><\/tr>
Templado<\/td>510\u2013620<\/td>950\u20131150<\/td>M\u00ednimo 2 horas por pulgada por ciclo<\/td>El doble templado es est\u00e1ndar; comience el templado inmediatamente despu\u00e9s del enfriamiento interrumpido.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Aobo Steel no ofrece servicios de tratamiento t\u00e9rmico. Suministramos acero para herramientas H13 recocido, incluyendo barras redondas y planas, listas para ser mecanizadas y sometidas a un tratamiento t\u00e9rmico posterior por el cliente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Esta gu\u00eda se proporciona para ayudarle a tomar decisiones sobre el tratamiento t\u00e9rmico y garantizar un rendimiento estable de la herramienta en aplicaciones reales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Si est\u00e1 buscando material H13 para fundici\u00f3n a presi\u00f3n, forja u otras herramientas de trabajo en caliente, puede visitar nuestra P\u00e1gina del producto de acero para herramientas H13<\/a> o cont\u00e1ctenos directamente en sales@aobosteel.com<\/a> para disponibilidad de tallas y cotizaci\u00f3n.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Preguntas frecuentes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\u00bfCu\u00e1l es la temperatura t\u00edpica de endurecimiento para el acero para herramientas H13?<\/strong>

La temperatura de endurecimiento com\u00fanmente utilizada para el H13 es de alrededor de 995 a 1025 \u00b0C (1825 a 1875 \u00b0F), siendo 1010 \u00b0C (1850 \u00b0F) la temperatura m\u00e1s utilizada en la pr\u00e1ctica industrial para lograr un equilibrio entre dureza y tenacidad.<\/p> <\/div>

\u00bfCu\u00e1l es el rango de temperatura de templado para H13?<\/strong>

El H13 se templa t\u00edpicamente en el rango de De 510 a 620 \u00b0C (de 950 a 1150 \u00b0F)<\/strong>.
La temperatura exacta depende de la dureza requerida y de las condiciones de servicio, en particular de la temperatura de funcionamiento de la herramienta.<\/p> <\/div>

\u00bfQu\u00e9 dureza puede alcanzar el H13 despu\u00e9s del tratamiento t\u00e9rmico?<\/strong>

H13 normalmente alcanza:
51\u201354 HRC despu\u00e9s del enfriamiento
40\u201350 HRC en condiciones normales de trabajo despu\u00e9s del templado.
La dureza final se selecciona en funci\u00f3n de la aplicaci\u00f3n, no de la dureza m\u00e1xima posible.<\/p> <\/div>

\u00bfEl H13 requiere doble templado?<\/strong>

S\u00ed. El doble templado es una pr\u00e1ctica habitual para el H13, y en algunos casos se utiliza un tercer templado.
Esto es necesario para reducir la tensi\u00f3n interna, estabilizar la estructura y mejorar la resistencia.<\/p> <\/div>

\u00bfPor qu\u00e9 es necesario templar el H13 inmediatamente despu\u00e9s del enfriamiento?<\/strong>

Si el H13 no se somete a ning\u00fan tratamiento t\u00e9rmico despu\u00e9s del temple, la estructura permanece fr\u00e1gil y sometida a altas tensiones.
Esto puede provocar un agrietamiento retardado, incluso si no aparecen grietas inmediatamente despu\u00e9s del enfriamiento.<\/p> <\/div>

\u00bfCu\u00e1l es la dureza recomendada para los moldes de fundici\u00f3n a presi\u00f3n H13?<\/strong>

Para la mayor\u00eda de las aplicaciones de fundici\u00f3n a presi\u00f3n, la dureza recomendada es de 44 a 48 HRC.
Esta gama ofrece un equilibrio entre la resistencia a la fatiga t\u00e9rmica y la estabilidad estructural.<\/p> <\/div>

\u00bfPor qu\u00e9 se agrieta el H13 durante o despu\u00e9s del tratamiento t\u00e9rmico?<\/strong>

Las causas comunes incluyen:
Templado retardado despu\u00e9s del temple
Temperatura de endurecimiento excesiva
Condiciones de enfriamiento severas
Dise\u00f1o deficiente de las piezas con transiciones bruscas.
En la mayor\u00eda de los casos, el agrietamiento est\u00e1 relacionado con el control de la tensi\u00f3n, no solo con la calidad del material.<\/p> <\/div>

\u00bfPor qu\u00e9 mi H13 no alcanza la dureza esperada?<\/strong>

Entre las razones t\u00edpicas se incluyen:
Temperatura de austenizaci\u00f3n demasiado baja
Tiempo de remojo insuficiente
La velocidad de enfriamiento es demasiado lenta en secciones grandes.
Austenita retenida excesiva
En el caso de bloques grandes, la dureza del n\u00facleo suele ser menor debido a un enfriamiento m\u00e1s lento.<\/p> <\/div>

\u00bfSe puede nitrurar el H13 despu\u00e9s del tratamiento t\u00e9rmico?<\/strong>

S\u00ed. El H13 tiene una gran resistencia al revenido y se puede nitrurar despu\u00e9s del revenido para mejorar la resistencia al desgaste de la superficie.
Esto permite obtener una capa superficial dura con un n\u00facleo resistente, lo cual resulta \u00fatil en numerosas aplicaciones de herramientas.<\/p> <\/div>

\u00bfEl H13 se suministra en estado endurecido?<\/strong>

El material n.\u00ba H13 se suministra normalmente en estado recocido para permitir el mecanizado y el conformado antes del tratamiento t\u00e9rmico.<\/p> <\/div>

\u00bfC\u00f3mo afecta el tama\u00f1o de la secci\u00f3n al tratamiento t\u00e9rmico H13?<\/strong>

Las secciones grandes se enfr\u00edan m\u00e1s lentamente, especialmente en el n\u00facleo.
Esto puede conducir a:
Menor dureza del n\u00facleo
Variaci\u00f3n microestructural
Mayor riesgo de distorsi\u00f3n
Para bloques de gran tama\u00f1o, la refrigeraci\u00f3n por aire est\u00e1ndar puede no ser suficiente.<\/p> <\/div>

\u00bfAobo Steel ofrece tratamiento t\u00e9rmico para H13?<\/strong>

No. Aobo Steel suministra acero para herramientas H13 en estado recocido, incluyendo barras redondas y barras planas.<\/p> <\/div> <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

H13 Heat Treatment Guide H13 tool steel is typically heat-treated by annealing at 845\u2013900 \u00b0C \/ 1550\u20131650 \u00b0F, preheating at 790\u2013815 \u00b0C \/ 1450\u20131500 \u00b0F, austenitizing at 995\u20131025 \u00b0C \/ 1825\u20131875 \u00b0F, quenching in still air or high-pressure gas, and double tempering at 510\u2013620 \u00b0C \/ 950\u20131150 \u00b0F. After proper heat treatment, H13 usually reaches […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":15104,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"content-type":"knowledge-article","_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-11644","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nH13 Heat Treatment Guide | Aobo Steel<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Correct H13 temperatures, hardness, and process. 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Double tempering is standard practice for H13, and in some cases, a third temper is used.<br>This is necessary to reduce internal stress, stabilize the structure, and improve toughness.\",\"inLanguage\":\"es\"},\"inLanguage\":\"es\"},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/h13-steel-heat-treatment\\\/#faq-question-1777731390727\",\"position\":5,\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/h13-steel-heat-treatment\\\/#faq-question-1777731390727\",\"name\":\"Why must H13 be tempered immediately after quenching?\",\"answerCount\":1,\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"If H13 is left untempered after quenching, the structure remains brittle and highly stressed.<br>This can lead to delayed cracking, even if no cracks appear immediately after cooling.\",\"inLanguage\":\"es\"},\"inLanguage\":\"es\"},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/h13-steel-heat-treatment\\\/#faq-question-1777731391607\",\"position\":6,\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/h13-steel-heat-treatment\\\/#faq-question-1777731391607\",\"name\":\"What is the recommended hardness for H13 die casting dies?\",\"answerCount\":1,\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"For most die-casting applications, the recommended hardness is 44 to 48 HRC.<br>This range provides a balance between thermal fatigue resistance and structural stability.\",\"inLanguage\":\"es\"},\"inLanguage\":\"es\"},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/h13-steel-heat-treatment\\\/#faq-question-1777731428863\",\"position\":7,\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/h13-steel-heat-treatment\\\/#faq-question-1777731428863\",\"name\":\"Why does H13 crack during or after heat treatment?\",\"answerCount\":1,\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Common causes include:<br>Delayed tempering after quenching<br>Excessive hardening temperature<br>Severe quenching conditions<br>Poor part design with sharp transitions<br>In most cases, cracking is related to stress control, not just material quality.\",\"inLanguage\":\"es\"},\"inLanguage\":\"es\"},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/h13-steel-heat-treatment\\\/#faq-question-1777731454847\",\"position\":8,\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/h13-steel-heat-treatment\\\/#faq-question-1777731454847\",\"name\":\"Why is my H13 not reaching the expected hardness?\",\"answerCount\":1,\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Typical reasons include:<br>Austenitizing temperature too low<br>Insufficient soak time<br>Cooling rate too slow in large sections<br>Excessive retained austenite<br>For large blocks, core hardness is often lower due to slower cooling.\",\"inLanguage\":\"es\"},\"inLanguage\":\"es\"},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/h13-steel-heat-treatment\\\/#faq-question-1777731470293\",\"position\":9,\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/aobosteel.com\\\/h13-steel-heat-treatment\\\/#faq-question-1777731470293\",\"name\":\"Can H13 be nitrided after heat treatment?\",\"answerCount\":1,\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"Yes. 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es la temperatura t\u00edpica de endurecimiento para el acero para herramientas H13?","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"The commonly used hardening temperature for H13 is around 995 to 1025 \u00b0C (1825 to 1875 \u00b0F), with 1010 \u00b0C (1850 \u00b0F) widely used in industrial practice for balanced hardness and toughness.","inLanguage":"es"},"inLanguage":"es"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/h13-steel-heat-treatment\/#faq-question-1777731387663","position":2,"url":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/h13-steel-heat-treatment\/#faq-question-1777731387663","name":"\u00bfCu\u00e1l es el rango de temperatura de templado para H13?","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"H13 is typically tempered in the range of <strong>510 to 620 \u00b0C (950 to 1150 \u00b0F)<\/strong>.<br>The exact temperature depends on the required hardness and service conditions, particularly the tool's operating temperature.","inLanguage":"es"},"inLanguage":"es"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/h13-steel-heat-treatment\/#faq-question-1777731388490","position":3,"url":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/h13-steel-heat-treatment\/#faq-question-1777731388490","name":"\u00bfQu\u00e9 dureza puede alcanzar el H13 despu\u00e9s del tratamiento t\u00e9rmico?","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"H13 typically reaches:<br>51\u201354 HRC after quenching<br>40\u201350 HRC in normal working conditions after tempering<br>The final hardness is selected based on application, not the maximum possible hardness.","inLanguage":"es"},"inLanguage":"es"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/h13-steel-heat-treatment\/#faq-question-1777731389946","position":4,"url":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/h13-steel-heat-treatment\/#faq-question-1777731389946","name":"\u00bfEl H13 requiere doble templado?","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"Yes. Double tempering is standard practice for H13, and in some cases, a third temper is used.<br>This is necessary to reduce internal stress, stabilize the structure, and improve toughness.","inLanguage":"es"},"inLanguage":"es"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/h13-steel-heat-treatment\/#faq-question-1777731390727","position":5,"url":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/h13-steel-heat-treatment\/#faq-question-1777731390727","name":"\u00bfPor qu\u00e9 es necesario templar el H13 inmediatamente despu\u00e9s del enfriamiento?","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"If H13 is left untempered after quenching, the structure remains brittle and highly stressed.<br>This can lead to delayed cracking, even if no cracks appear immediately after cooling.","inLanguage":"es"},"inLanguage":"es"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/h13-steel-heat-treatment\/#faq-question-1777731391607","position":6,"url":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/h13-steel-heat-treatment\/#faq-question-1777731391607","name":"\u00bfCu\u00e1l es la dureza recomendada para los moldes de fundici\u00f3n a presi\u00f3n H13?","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"For most die-casting applications, the recommended hardness is 44 to 48 HRC.<br>This range provides a balance between thermal fatigue resistance and structural stability.","inLanguage":"es"},"inLanguage":"es"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/h13-steel-heat-treatment\/#faq-question-1777731428863","position":7,"url":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/h13-steel-heat-treatment\/#faq-question-1777731428863","name":"\u00bfPor qu\u00e9 se agrieta el H13 durante o despu\u00e9s del tratamiento t\u00e9rmico?","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"Common causes include:<br>Delayed tempering after quenching<br>Excessive hardening temperature<br>Severe quenching conditions<br>Poor part design with sharp transitions<br>In most cases, cracking is related to stress control, not just material quality.","inLanguage":"es"},"inLanguage":"es"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/h13-steel-heat-treatment\/#faq-question-1777731454847","position":8,"url":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/h13-steel-heat-treatment\/#faq-question-1777731454847","name":"\u00bfPor qu\u00e9 mi H13 no alcanza la dureza esperada?","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"Typical reasons include:<br>Austenitizing temperature too low<br>Insufficient soak time<br>Cooling rate too slow in large sections<br>Excessive retained austenite<br>For large blocks, core hardness is often lower due to slower cooling.","inLanguage":"es"},"inLanguage":"es"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/h13-steel-heat-treatment\/#faq-question-1777731470293","position":9,"url":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/h13-steel-heat-treatment\/#faq-question-1777731470293","name":"\u00bfSe puede nitrurar el H13 despu\u00e9s del tratamiento t\u00e9rmico?","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"Yes. H13 has strong tempering resistance and can be nitrided after tempering to improve surface wear resistance.<br>This allows a hard surface layer with a tough core, which is useful in many tooling applications.","inLanguage":"es"},"inLanguage":"es"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/h13-steel-heat-treatment\/#faq-question-1777731483742","position":10,"url":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/h13-steel-heat-treatment\/#faq-question-1777731483742","name":"\u00bfEl H13 se suministra en estado endurecido?","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"No. H13 is normally supplied in the annealed condition to allow machining and shaping before heat treatment.","inLanguage":"es"},"inLanguage":"es"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/h13-steel-heat-treatment\/#faq-question-1777731510465","position":11,"url":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/h13-steel-heat-treatment\/#faq-question-1777731510465","name":"\u00bfC\u00f3mo afecta el tama\u00f1o de la secci\u00f3n al tratamiento t\u00e9rmico H13?","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"Large sections cool more slowly, especially at the core.<br>This can lead to:<br>Lower core hardness<br>Microstructural variation<br>Higher distortion risk<br>For heavy blocks, standard air cooling may not be sufficient.","inLanguage":"es"},"inLanguage":"es"},{"@type":"Question","@id":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/h13-steel-heat-treatment\/#faq-question-1777731522539","position":12,"url":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/h13-steel-heat-treatment\/#faq-question-1777731522539","name":"\u00bfAobo Steel ofrece tratamiento t\u00e9rmico para H13?","answerCount":1,"acceptedAnswer":{"@type":"Answer","text":"No. Aobo Steel supplies H13 tool steel in the annealed condition, including round bar and flat bar.","inLanguage":"es"},"inLanguage":"es"}]}},"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/H13-HEAT-TREATMENT-AD-1.avif",1254,1254,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/H13-HEAT-TREATMENT-AD-1-150x150.avif",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/H13-HEAT-TREATMENT-AD-1-300x300.avif",300,300,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/H13-HEAT-TREATMENT-AD-1-768x768.avif",768,768,true],"large":["https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/H13-HEAT-TREATMENT-AD-1-1024x1024.avif",1024,1024,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/H13-HEAT-TREATMENT-AD-1.avif",1254,1254,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/H13-HEAT-TREATMENT-AD-1.avif",1254,1254,false],"trp-custom-language-flag":["https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/H13-HEAT-TREATMENT-AD-1-12x12.avif",12,12,true]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Evan","author_link":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/es\/blog\/author\/admin\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"H13 Heat Treatment Guide H13 tool steel is typically heat-treated by annealing at 845\u2013900 \u00b0C \/ 1550\u20131650 \u00b0F, preheating at 790\u2013815 \u00b0C \/ 1450\u20131500 \u00b0F, austenitizing at 995\u20131025 \u00b0C \/ 1825\u20131875 \u00b0F, quenching in still air or high-pressure gas, and double tempering at 510\u2013620 \u00b0C \/ 950\u20131150 \u00b0F. After proper heat treatment, H13 usually reaches…","rttpg_featured_image_url":{"full":["https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/H13-HEAT-TREATMENT-AD-1.avif",1254,1254,false],"landscape":["https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/H13-HEAT-TREATMENT-AD-1.avif",1254,1254,false],"portraits":["https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/H13-HEAT-TREATMENT-AD-1.avif",1254,1254,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/H13-HEAT-TREATMENT-AD-1-150x150.avif",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/H13-HEAT-TREATMENT-AD-1-300x300.avif",300,300,true],"large":["https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/H13-HEAT-TREATMENT-AD-1-1024x1024.avif",1024,1024,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/H13-HEAT-TREATMENT-AD-1.avif",1254,1254,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/H13-HEAT-TREATMENT-AD-1.avif",1254,1254,false],"trp-custom-language-flag":["https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/H13-HEAT-TREATMENT-AD-1-12x12.avif",12,12,true]},"rttpg_author":{"display_name":"Evan","author_link":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/es\/blog\/author\/admin\/"},"rttpg_comment":0,"rttpg_category":null,"rttpg_excerpt":"H13 Heat Treatment Guide H13 tool steel is typically heat-treated by annealing at 845\u2013900 \u00b0C \/ 1550\u20131650 \u00b0F, preheating at 790\u2013815 \u00b0C \/ 1450\u20131500 \u00b0F, austenitizing at 995\u20131025 \u00b0C \/ 1825\u20131875 \u00b0F, quenching in still air or high-pressure gas, and double tempering at 510\u2013620 \u00b0C \/ 950\u20131150 \u00b0F. After proper heat treatment, H13 usually reaches…","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11644","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11644"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11644\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15104"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/aobosteel.com\/es\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11644"}],"curies":[{"name":"gracias","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}